presentation - Toolkit Creativity SprED+C

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CREATIVITY FOR
ENGINEERING
Filippo Silipigni
Fondazione Politecnico di Milano
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
12-Marzo-2015
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Filippo Silipigni
Fondazione
Politecnico
di Milano
©
2007-2015 Centro
di competenza
per l’Innovazione Sistematica
12-Marzo-2015
3
Centro di Competenza per
l’Innovazione Sistematica
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The Italian Centre of competence for Systematic Innovation unites teachers, researchers
and experts who aim to further research, disclose and offer knowledge on TRIZ and on
technological innovation to enterprises, institutions and individuals.
Actors:
• Fondazione Politecnico di Milano
(coordinatore)
• Politecnico di Milano
• Università degli Studi di Bergamo
• Università degli Studi di Firenze
• PIN Scrl, Servizi didattici e scientifici
per l'università di Firenze
• IRCrES-Cnr di Torino (2008)
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
www.innovazionesistematica.it
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12-Marzo-2015
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Context
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1900
1930
1950
1990
Increase productivity
Ensure quality
Optimize innovation
Fulfilling demands
Competition fighting
Managing complexity
Structurizing work
Robustness
of procedures
Optimizing creativity
Innovation efficiency
Lean
Six Sigma
TRIZ
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
Source: Denis Cavallucci
12-Marzo-2015
From raw ideas to success products
5
10,000
From
raw ideas to
“If we knew
success
products
what we were
Number of Ideas
3000 Raw Ideas (Unwritten)
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1000
Who is going to pay for the
doing, it
resources spent on the 99%
wouldn’t
be ideas?!?
useless
300 Ideas Submitted
called research,
would it?” —
Albert Einstein
125 Small Projects
100
9 Early Stage Development
10
4 Major Development
1.7 Launches
1 Success
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Stages of New Product Development
Source: G. Stevens and J. Burley, “3000 Raw Ideas = 1 Commercial Success!”
Research•Technology Management, 40(3): 16-27, May-June, 1997.
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
12-Marzo-2015
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Innovation: Main Goals & Obstacles
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
Goal: Improve the efficiency of Innovation Processes
» Reduce or eliminate waste of resources (time, money…) for
useless trials and errors
» Develop one valuable solution is much better than many ideas
to be validated
» Manage complexity of modern systems
Product
Maturity
$+
$-
Time
Obstacles:
1. Trial & Error: lack
of a structured
approach
2. Psychological
Inertia
3. Design conflicts
Traditional Investment / Return Curve
TRIZ Investment / Return Curve
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
12-Marzo-2015
Problem solving approaches
7
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High School:
What does it happen by
mixing Sulfuric Acid with
Calcium Hydroxide ?
What would you suggest?
Let’s try and see?!?
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
12-Marzo-2015
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Problem solving approaches
Type of problem: chemical
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Model of the problem: H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2
Tool: laws of chemistry, oxide-reduction
Model of the solution: CaSO4 + 2 H2O
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Solution:
Calcium Sulfate + Water
12-Marzo-2015
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Psychological Inertia
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“You’ve got to kiss a lot of frogs
before you find your princess...”
Solution Space
“It is difficult to find a black cat
in a dark room especially when
the cat is not there.”
Ideal Solutions
(benefits/costs)
TRIZ
Random Methods
Brainstorming
Synectics
Reframing
Lateral thinking
...
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
12-Marzo-2015
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Design Conflicts
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
Evaluation Par. 2
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Optimal solution…
or compromise…
Evaluation Par. 1
www.tetris-project.org
12-Marzo-2015
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TRIZ - THEORY OF INVENTIVE
PROBLEM SOLVING
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
12-Marzo-2015
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Теория Решения Изобретательских Задач
Theory of Inventive Problem Solving
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Genrich Altshuller
(1926-1998)
Analysis of hundreds of
thousands inventive
solutions
•
•
•
•
•
•
99% of inventions use already known solution principle
Less than 1% are really pioneering inventions
Breakthrough solutions emerge from resolving contradictions
Inventors and strong thinkers use patterns
Creative problem solving patterns are universal
Creative ideas can be produced in a systematic way
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
12-Marzo-2015
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Contradictions
Postulate 2
System evolution implies the resolution of contradictions, i.e. conflicts
between a system and its environment or between the components of the
system itself
Evaluation Par. 2
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System
Requirements
EP: 1
EP1 = EVALUATION
PARAMETER 1
CP:1
CP = CONTROL
PARAMETER
EP: 2
EP2 = EVALUATION
PARAMETER 2
Evaluation Par. 1
Conclusions for practice:
 To solve a problem we should first discover underlying contradictions
 To achieve maximum benefits, contradictions should be resolved, not compromised
 Overcoming contradictions is a driving force behind technology evolution. Resolving
contradictions instead of compromising or optimizing, results in breakthrough solutions
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
12-Marzo-2015
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TRIZ-Theory of Inventive Problem solving
Postulate 2
Fabric integrity
Evaluation Par. 2
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 System evolution implies the resolution of contradictions
(7 Separation Principles and 40 Inventive Standards)
System
Requirements
Dynamization
Evaluation Par. 1
Comfort to insert the thread
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
Problems from different domains, sharing
the same contradiction, can be solved by
means of the same solving principles
12-Marzo-2015
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TRIZ-Theory of Inventive Problem solving
Postulate 2
Covering
Evaluation Par. 2
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 System evolution implies the resolution of contradictions
(7 Separation Principles and 40 Inventive Standards)
System
Requirement
s
Dynamization
Evaluation Par. 1
Ease to transport
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
Problems from different domains, sharing
the same contradiction, can be solved by
means of the same solving principles
12-Marzo-2015
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TRIZ-Theory of Inventive Problem solving
Postulate 2
Ease to insert
Dynamization
Evaluation Par. 2
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 System evolution implies the resolution of contradictions
(7 Separation Principles and 40 Inventive Standards)
System
Requirements
Surface continuity
Evaluation Par. 1
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
Problems from different domains, sharing
the same contradiction, can be solved by
means of the same solving principles
12-Marzo-2015
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TRIZ Applications
Problem Solving
Technical
Problems
Troubleshooting
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Inventive
Problem
Solving
Failure Prevention
Management Conflicts
New Business Concepts
NonTechnical
Problems

Fields
» Product development

Target:
World Wide status of TRIZ
perceptions and uses
www.etria.net
» Processes
» Scientific research
» Non technical applications…
Technology Forecasting
» Products
» Industrial research
» Industrial strategy
Maturity Assessment

Where:
» Big companies
» Small and Medium Enterprises
» University
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
12-Marzo-2015
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TOOL
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12-Marzo-2015
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System Operator
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
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SUPERSYSTEM
SYSTEM
SUBSYSTEMS
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12-Marzo-2015
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System Operator
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SUPERSYSTEM
SYSTEM
SUBSYSTEM
PAST
PRESENT
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FUTURE
12-Marzo-2015
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System Operator:
exemplary applications, resource analysis
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
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SUPERSYSTEM
Customers, partners, suppliers,
government, competitors,
insurance companies, banks, etc.
SYSTEM
A company
SUBSYSTEMS
Management, product development unit,
infrastructure, physical assets, etc.
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
12-Marzo-2015
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System Operator:
exemplary applications, choosing the right problem to solve
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
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SUPERSYSTEM
What should an element of the supersystem
do in order that the system…
What should be
done in advance
in order
to prevent…
SYSTEM
What should the system do in order to…
What if the
problem was
not solved…
SUBSYSTEMS
What should a subsystem do in order that
the system…
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
12-Marzo-2015
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Centro di Competenza per
l’Innovazione Sistematica
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Senior Teacher:
Niccolò Becattini – Politecnico di Milano
Gaetano Cascini – Politecnico di Milano
Francesco Saverio Frillici – Università degli Studi di Firenze
Daniele Regazzoni – Università degli Studi di Bergamo
Davide Russo - Università degli Studi di Bergamo
Filippo Silipigni – Fondazione Politecnico di Milano
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32
20133 Milano – Italy
Tel. +39 02 2399 9107
www.innovazionesistematica.it
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Web Resources
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Web Sites:
http://www.innovazionesistematica.it (Italian Center of Competence for Systematic Innovation)
http://www.apeiron-triz.org (Italian TRIZ Association)
http://www.etria.net/ (European TRIZ Association)
http://www.matriz.ru (International TRIZ Association)
http://www.aitriz.org/ (Altshuller Institute for TRIZ)
http://www.triz-journal.com/ (TRIZ journal)
http://www3.sympatico.ca/karasik/ (anti-Triz Journal)
http://www.gnrtr.com
http://www.triz.co.kr/TRIZ/intro.html
http://www.trizminsk.org/
http://www.tetris-project.org/
http://www.thinking-approach.org
http://www.jlproj.org/
http://comcontriz.byethost7.com/letters.htm
Mailing List:
TRIZ Topica (www.topica.com)
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12-Marzo-2015
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Specific situation
Postulate 3
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Each stage of evolution of a system takes place in a specific
environment (context, situation) which influences the
evolution (transformation) of the system and provide specific
resources
Energy Resources:
Spatial Resources:
-
Empty space, encapsulating
Other dimensions
Shape
Size (1D, 2D, 3D)
Time Resources:
-
-
Energy in the system
Energy from the supersystem
Potential energy
Dissipated energy
Parallel working
Preliminary action/counteraction
Reworking
Frequency of action
Information Resources:
-
Inherent properties
Mobile information
Temporary information
Redundant information
Material Resources:
-
Waste flow
Cheap materials
Substance characteristics
Void
Conclusions for practice:
 Good solutions must (first of all) take into account the resources available in the
specific situation
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
12-Marzo-2015
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Use of resources
Postulate 3
Example:
Sparkling water bottles can be thin and simply shaped compared to still
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water bottles thanks to the CO2 pressure.
© 2007-2015 Centro di competenza per l’Innovazione Sistematica
12-Marzo-2015