S.Capacioli-intro slides

Università di Pisa
Scuola di Dottorato Galileo
Galilei
School of Graduate Studies
Applied Physics
GALILEIAN SEMINARS:
"High Pressure Studies of Matter"
Dr. S. Capaccioli
Prof. F. Pegoraro
An “ancestor” of pressure experiments: Firenze (1667)
One of the question of Accademia del Cimento:
Can the volume of liquids be reduced by an external
perturbation?
Some experiments about the compression of water
Magalotti
1667,
“Saggi
di naturali
Esperienze”
Maxim: <<...PROVANDO E RIPROVANDO, si riesce talora di dar nel segno…>>
Pressing on: The legacy of Percy W. Bridgman (1882-1962)
Paul McMillian, Nat.Mat.2005
1946, Nobel Prize for High Pressure Physics
Max Pressure 105 bar=10 GPa
Equation of state of
materials, polymorphism,
amorphization
Isopropyl alcohol
2011: 65th anniversary of Nobel Prize to Bridgman
Is it high pressure an obsolete subject, ready for retirement?
Not at all!
In the last decades several improvements:
- P up to some Megabar=100-400 GPa
- dramatic changes in physical and chemical properties of matter,
up to to the formation of new classes of materials.
-Modification of structure and
bonding with compression,
- pressure-induced phase
transitions and polymorphism,
- tuning of vibrational
dynamics,
-new states of electronic and
magnetic order,
- etc.
Ichimura, Phys Rep 1995
High pressure Studies of Matter interesting for:
Condensed Matter Physics
Chemistry
Astrophysics
Geophysics
Seminars
29/04/2010 - S. Scandolo (ICTP Trieste):
“Ab-initio simulations of matter at extreme conditions: a window
into the centers of planets”
14/05/2010 - F. Gorelli (CNR-IPCF, FI):
“Inelastic X-ray scattering investigation on matter under high
pressure”
21/05/2010 - M. Santoro (Lens, FI):
“High pressure physics of simple systems”
27/05/2010 - D. Batani (Physics Dept., MI Bicocca):
“Laser driven shock waves and measurements of equation of
state of matter in the multi-megabar pressure range”
Room 131, building C, Department of Physics