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Imperfetto

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Imperfetto
Another past tense
 The
imperfetto (imperfect) is another
past tense.
 It is used to describe habitual actions
• What people used to do or things that used to
happen
• Da bambino guardavo Sesame street.
 It
describes past actions that were in
progress when something else happened
or while something else was going on.
• Leggevo il giornale mentre (while) Roberto
guardava la televisione.
 It
describes physical, mental, and
emotional states in the past.
• Mi sentivo stanco
• I miei nonni non volevano andare al cinema
 It
also expresses age, time, and weather
in the past.
• Quando avevo sei o otto anni, guardavo laTV
vicino allo schermo
 Time
expressions such as anni fa (years a
go), di solito (usually), sempre (always), il
lunedi, il martedi… (mondays,
tuesdays…) are frequently used with the
imperfetto.
• Non capisco perché ero sempre stanco
 It
is formed by dropping the –re of the
infinitive and adding the same set of
endings to verbs of all conjugations, no
matter the ending (are, ere, ire).
Subject
Imperfetto
+
Pronoun
Endings
io
Vo
tu
Vi
Lui / lei
Va
Noi
Vamo
Voi
Vate
Loro
Vano
 The
verb essere is irregular in the
imperfetto
Subject Pronoun
Essere
Io
Ero
Tu
Eri
Lui/lei
Era
Noi
Eravamo
Voi
Eravate
Loro
erano
 The
verb avere is also irregular in the
imperfetto
Subject Pronoun
Avere
Io
avevo
Tu
avevi
Lui/lei
aveva
Noi
avevamo
Voi
avevate
Loro
avevano
 The
verbs bere, dire, fare have irregular
stems in the imperfetto
Bere – (bev-)
Dire (dic-)
Fare (fac-)
Bevevo
Dicevo
Facevo
Bevevi
Dicevi
Facevi
Beveva
Diceva
Faceva
Bevevamo
Dicevamo
Facevamo
Bevevate
Dicevate
Facevate
Bevevano
dicevano
facevano
 The
Passato Prossimo and the imperfetto
are often used together in accounts of
past events. They express different kinds
of actions in the past, and cannot be used
interchangeably.
 The
passato prossimo is used to describe
specific events in the past. It tells what
happened at a given moment.
• Siamo usciti alle otto
 The
imperfetto describes habitual
actions in the past: What used to happen
• Scrivevo una recensione (review) per un
giornale ogni sabato.
 It
also describes ongoing actions in the past;
what was going on while something else
was going on (two verbs in the imperfetto)
• Io guardavo un DVD mentre mio cugino ascoltava la
radio
 or
what was going on when something else
happened (one verb in the imperfetto, the
other in the passato prossimo).
• Mangiavate quando ho telefonato?
 The
imprefetto also relates conditions or
states – Physical or mental – in the past,
such as appearance, age, feelings,
attitudes, beliefs, time, and weather
• Erano le otto di sera
• Pioveva ma non faceva freddo
 Because
the passato prossimo expreses
what happened at a particular moment,
whereas the imperfetto expresses a state
of being, the passato prossimo is used to
indicate a sudden change in a state of
being.
• Aveva paura dei topi
• Ho avuto paura quando ho visto il topo
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