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MODIFICACIONS EN LA DINÀMICA DE PROCESSAT I
MODIFICACIONS EN LA DINÀMICA DE PROCESSAT I EN LES CARACTERÍSTIQUES FINALS DE PRODUCTES CARNIS AMB CONTINGUT REDUÏT DE SODI Anna COSTA CORREDOR Dipòsit legal: GI-990-2011 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32066 ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized neither its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service is not authorized (framing). This rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. $ !"#" % % % & ' ' &( ) $ % & ' ' &( ) * % , - + . !"#" ' / $ & ' ' % & ' % % % &( ) & &( & &( ! & '$ ( 0 " # # ) # + & , % % 2 3$ 1 & , % ( & )( % (4 % , % '$ $5 1 2 3 2 $ ' 3 14 $ ! " " " ! 1 5 − *$ 1% % $% 0 2 % # $ & $ 6787 1 . / 2 ! 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G 6 ; CE < % @ ' U 1 L ( # "G 2 L 2 " # L # L " 2 # 6 T ( &E M 2 " ! # ) 5 ! P) "G ! 2 ! S, L " " : + L / &R ( " # L G 2 "G R L " # ! A(Z # / N " 2 # # + & >( " M & ( & L % "G U # A Z 1 # 0 " " " @ + " ) L + 1 + # # / L 2 2; # 2 2 + # " L + + &7 J 67 + 1 " 2 2 + ' 2 # A( + # L ; !-!-!- < / # + "G / + " HA DP(! A # 6< N ( 2 & 2 # 7 BD ≥ 8 77 A +L # # Z # # &D 8C #88 6 2 C7 ( / ≥ P) = S , =R $ R> + # = R L M877 " # L 2 + &6777( # L & 1 : # 2 @ ! % + !-!-C-( 2 L ! " L 5 M U A( & '$ 2 ' & # > 1 + U >! ' U # " " A ! 7 BD " + ! # 2 + [ U " 2 + 1 + 1 ; CF < # 1 A # L '$ # G =& ( !-!-C1 # # # !3 / + 2 G Z& ( &8HJA( "G 5 # + % T Z& (" 1 # + & " ?E 8HJ7(! % ! * " 1 # > 1 a 0E) &6778( + ' " " ! 1 L Q ( " &677H( # + [ " % 2 K 1 &' &E ME " 6( 6 1 + 1 " " 1 ! 2 &' Y Y K( % # 1 & I( / " %+ ! L % + 6Y + 6Y ( 2 % 1 $ 2 +L # 2 + ' K 1 % ' ! Y M M KY % & ! &8HDH( # " & C A7 N ( + 2 L # % ! + / + L % % & ' ^ K ! & H 2 , %` 2 ' % 1 L L " 2 1 % + "G ! 2 C # " 67 N G" # ! 8D 67 N 2 $ ! G 6 ; C9 < " " 1 &/ + ' Y [= G" 2 1 = Y Y K 3 (! 4 c D 7Z " 4 % 2 / % N 1 Z2 2 [ 67 # L 1 + [ DC L / 3 + &$ 677B(! <6 3 ) 3 1 + 2 G # # + 2 % > L 0 &8HJ7( ! 1 " 0R 0@ " ! ! &8HJC( 0R 0@ L # 0 + &8HJA( 1 1 2 E @ @ # " 1 + ) % " 1 & % ( + Z ` (! M ` &> O 677DZ 3 + 3 + !-!-!- & %$ , ,% 1 $% !-!-!-#- @ / $ 1 , ,% $% / % $ 6%$ @ 677B( ! 3 [0 & L +L % + @ " ( + # "% + " + " % " 0 ) + ( &, % % O % 3 K( 1 A % 5 " " 2 + &/ + = 12 " " 1 5 & !-!-E-(! 3 '$ + Z " " 4 1 5 " G 2 G" 2 1 G 2 %" # L + / " @ 1 ; CD < '$ " !-!-E- = #- 5 " C1 # 1 " E- M L &> G- & & =$ # 2 1 !F- / [0 ( 9+ R 6776(! 1 D- ! 677B(! " 1 # 4 1 "+ T " @ & 1( # % " # M 1 1 " 2 2 G 2 1$ @ && ! # / !-!-!-!- [ @ & '$ & ' , % + # + + # 2 $ ! G 6 ; CG < & + K 677B(= • L " • 0 4 R 8HHDZ 0 G V U β Tβ = ∇5 )β 5∇ U T β β V # % # % ! 3# 2 ; !-!-C- < 1 # # 1! 3 1 @ 6776(= # " " @K # % L " # ! 3 "G / ; 1 2 1= [ ! ] Bγ 5U 5 Tγ − Tγ = − γ βγ 5) β 5∇ U βγ 5T β 2; ; !-!-E- < # ! 2 2 # 2 + [ / ! " % 0 L & "G ( & % L 2 % L ' @ 2 + +% 2 # + % + # 1 2 # 2 2 # + T 1 L 0 % &E ME & ( # " ( L 2 + # &E C M ( U L # G 2 # (Z S L " " " # % C &E M + & M ( " L + & @ 1 U # 2 L ! 2 ! 1 L % " − 1 M 2 !-!-F# % ! ; !-!-F- < β > 1 # M + T W = =T 3# 2 [ L (Z − " " " " " " & 6 M( # &E M " ) L "G 6 T (! & β +G 2 1 ; C: < γ ( " + & (Z " 5 +G " ` 87@88 a % 6 87 M( # &K + 87 / + 6777Z + 0 1 * G@ G % " &8HHA( + % " " # 1 L # 2 : + " 0 1 # @ " % #/ ! " (! M (! ' @/ & " 87 &6787( / & [ (! # #U # " &' *( % 2 1 " # [ " # # 5 # # "G @ L ! # #/ # 2 ! 2 2 " + 0 ) # + = ' 1 # + 1 &A B`D B 6 M (Z 87 !-C- = "G ! ! &8HBB( @88 ! &8HH6( 0 a . ! U % 2 + 2 1 % +% 2 % G @88 &C AC 0@_ 677A( ! " 677DZ * 0@31 6 + @ " &8HHH( @88 M M (Z &8 8`6 7 6 # 6 M( &8HHC( L M (Z &8HHJ( @88 &7 7C`7 CB #/ 6 &8HJJ( &D 7`DC 7 ! 87@88 &6 H`D A @ # ! $ ! G 6 ; E" < + 1 # / 1 & V% ( 5 : - 3 V > E. & 1 ! 2 1 &^ U > 677C(! 0 U5 @ 0 O 2 " " / T ! 1 !-C-#- L " + " 1 : " ! @ # 2 " + % L # 2 2 " 1 2 % 2 1 2 " + % 1 2; " @ " + # 2 2 # T [ M( L G + 0@ + % ; !-C-#- < 6 ) & @ / 2 #/ V% V * = − )5 " O E 8HBD(= 1 2 ! 2 1 + % ! !-C-#- && 3 " %T & 1 L ; 1$ @ " # & + " = = − )5 • * • 1 W 7 L ! ( @ " + % 1 + 1 &% C ( " + % +L E M * • 1W = − )5 M C &* M 6 T ; 6 T ( 1 # % 1 !-C-## + L X X X! # − )5 2 V% V 1 !-C-!-= − +X # 2 # 2 +L V% V V% X X X! ! V + + " #% +X L ! 2 & ( • / L ) E M 2 1 2 G + % " V% V V% V +X X = V% V 1 ; E# < 2 " %; '$ 0 %J !-C-#> E &> " T =^ E 3 6777(! # = +∆ L E D B #% ' & '$ # 2 2 2 !-C-#-(! " & 2 1 !-C-C-(= V% '5* ; − '5* J * − *J V* = = ; = − V '5 X5 X V 2 2 + 1 2 " + % H 2 ! # 2 # 2 1 !-C-# E D B # # 2 U 2 1 # + L x1 E 2 L 1 D B " " ! 1 " + 1 2 # + L # 2 " 1 " " ; = ; !-C-9- < ! " 1 )= 2 " L 1 J V% V % = )5 V V J ( L L " ! & V% V V% = )5 5 5 5 V V V ( D B " 1 ; !-C-F- < $ 1 1 !-C-F- " E 2 + 3# 2 G + % 8HBD # E " x2 !-C-E-= V% V V% V V% = − 5 − )5 = 5 )5 V V V V V 2 x ! +L C !-C-D-(= % " & 2 1 $ ! G 6 ; E! < V% V J% V J% V J% = )×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b + > *> $ @ 1 3 S M + *#:99+ 3 3 @ 3 3 1 + cB *#:G#+ ! M + N @ 1 *(!O H #" 6#" + C 6 6 6 6 86 D8 66 A8 @6 @6 @6 86 6D 8<`6C @6 8 8 8 6 C 6 7 A7 67 67 67 <7 H7 7B 3 6`A C C7 3 6 6 8D 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 M Nd& N6 ` N % &- *#:GC+ + 1 " + 1 " 9 3 M % &- *#:GE+ T H *#:G"+ B & Q *#:GG+ " T B & Q *#:GG+ " T " > W N ( 9 " !3M !*M !3M !*M 3 3 3 3 1 6 1 1 $ W E $ W ( !W ! B <H &67 < AB &A7 B 8D &<7 B 8B &877 J BC &677 C6 <8 87 8C 8D 67 D 6D D 3 8H J8 B< A7 CJ 8 HJ`6 66 6D *> W . 3 *W !3 !3 !* !* !W 8 6 6 6 6 C A M3( M3( M3( M3( M3( J7 A7 <7 J7 H7 67 77 W Z3W $ ! G 6 ; EE < $& !-C-!- O % L + P > " " 8 A`6 < & W, !-C-!- ,& % % @ , % D ( A7 m 77 m 67 m C7 m 7 7 7 7 8B 87 A6 88 86 8< 67 C 77`6D7 8A 8 7B L " 2 2 !-C-#C! +L L L ! 2 + % " + V% V% * = −) 5 −) 5 V V # " + +L + 2 ! 1 1 + " E " " ! , & L % " L + 2 ! !-C-#!- 1$ $ / * = −) A 6 8 8 G 1 6 #/ # 6 DD m 7 JJ 6 87 m 7 <8 6 7C m 7 AH W( &. 3$ % @ > #/ D ( 7 78B`7 6A6 &" ( + >WN ( ( ( ( 7 D7H & ( &J ( J % 6 %$ & &&@ *!""C+ " *(!O H #" 6##+ *b + S J B7 m 8 67 & ( 66 J7 m 6 87 & ( C7 87 m 6 C7 & ( $ % &- *!""C+ " E '$ 7 7J & 7 7J & 7 7J & $ % &- *!""!+ HV && 6 & *T' OT' 4 % + = $ N6 4 % &- *!""E+ # ! "G " E ! : @ = % 2 L ; !-C-#!- < V% V% 5 −) 5 ; !-C-#C- < V V 2 1 % " ! K 2 / 8HJB +L 1 3 > E 1 ; EF < % L 2 " 2 Y .5+ = 5 = ! ) − ' 7 <P & M ( L Y ! " : 1 2 U ( # $ A > " : " 2 G 1 &µ( 1 ! ## 1 L =, (> Z L " 2 1 !! ! L . ×+ ) : # Z ! U 2 U @ " +L # " @ I / L #U 1 ! / Z ! &677A( + . ×+ ) ∂Y .5+ ∂! E I E # 2 1 # 2 1 " &8HHH( ! * 2 ) 2 1 " = % 5 5 − 5 5 5 5 = += 5 Z &677C( " − 00 &6776( * + L !-C-#F-= / 2 M "G ! !-C-#E- ! 677A(! # 2 6 ( L 2 # & & " : " " " 1 M 2 " # 2 G ' 1 L 2 " ; !-C-#E- < " " E %! 2 L − 1 0 = ; !-C-#9- < # + L 2 % 0 ## ( $ 1 A = 2 " : L # 2 ; + &K " − + / ^ / ∂Y .5+ ∂! *L 8HHB(= += = " %5) Z%L " ## 5* − 5* 1 " ( $ ; !-C-#D- < A ! $ ! G 6 ; E9 < # 2 ! 1 !-C-#D- # # D B # @ 1= −; * = −% =; ) 5 1 = N = N = ≠ > + ) B B =; B≠ ; !-C-#G- < ! 2 " [N \ = − 5 " " E% ) W " TΓ ΓL 1 Z =V + % ⋅ " + 1 @ " " +L # 2 1 & 2 1 2 # # !-C-#:-(= )= − % 5[) ]5(∇ # ) 0 = $;> [N \ 1 M [Γ] L Z 1 !-E- # & 1 % (! 3 ## ( " 1 # % 2 & / ! 6776(! % 0 " 2 " 1 &" 1 ( + + ' 2 / 1 $ " # &γ ( " M C A " " [ = " L 2 $; ! ! = $;> " ; !-C-!"- < " 1 =*> = − % 5[N ]− ; 5[Z ]5(∇ ; ; − ) ) ∂ W ∂ W 8 6 n 2 )B @ 2 + ! [ - . 1 ; ED < L ; ' 0 % = L 1 2 2 % + + ! ! 1 ' + + 2 # 2 ! ?+ 1 1 "G < + 1 " % G 2 1 ! # 2 + 5 + " 1 ! & 1! 2 ( U +L " + 2 ' ( $% @ % & 3$ $ 8HJ6 ( + CP + G@ ! &6777(! & * " $ %) @ o g5 2 G 2 + + " 2 + 1 ) " 1 2 2 1 1 1 ! ' 5 677<( + L % + # 6 6DP +L G 677DZ 2 + Z " L &* 2 " ! G + % " 6 D7P L " L 6DP K EE &8HJD( # " " 2 ) " " 2 Z "+ G 2 ? + 2 2 + 0 CP & M ( ) @ " 2 " ! !-E-#- " + 1 " ! &677A( " ! 1 L ! 0 1 # # # + + " ! 3 $ ! G 6 ; EG < " 1 +L / 5 &* * 677A 677D(! + 4 G 4+ ' 1 2 +L 5 [ ) L & 1 ! / 8HHBZ O 0 @ 8HHD(! % 1 ! & %% @ " & & ! + 8HHDZ % 8HH<Z , @a " 2 " G 2 ! * 0@* + 46A + 1 ! &677<( + & " D B( + L 2 l < 6! + + "G / L L + 1 4 % ! 2; & + 1 L 8HHAZ G 0 "G 46A ( / ( / ! 2 # ) ( % / #/ + % " @ 2 677<( / & + + 3 2 1 & + " & ( A " " # 4cDD , ( 8HHJZ 4 L " + $ h 2 % 1= 8HH8Z + 2 1 2 G @* ) + c 7 778( Z # !-E-#-#- D DD L & #/ 5 ! 4 c D DD @ + " ! 4 # 2 # + G @* ) = + 5 ! 8HHH(! + G M # " &L 1 G ( L @ 1 ; E: < 4 + 2 2 G " L 1 ! + [ !-E-#-!- 1% % @ & , ! % % ?+ # 2 1 5 L , % " 2 # + 2; 2 2 + L ! 1 " + Z 1 1 # + 2 1 % 2 2 + ! & " ( 1 G 0 2; 2 + _ ' K KE + / # 677A( (! !-E-!- $4 b &677H( / 0 $% @ + * O ' &677D( gg d / # " " ! 2 " / + 1 # & 3) ) 2 " + $% + % # ! 1 ($& % @ + " [ & , % & & "G + 2 !-E-#-C- & & (4 & &677B( > gE "+ T 1 5 @ 3g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h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• * 1 • 1 # + = # # " 2 2 _ / % ) G" = E + K)/ "" _ ! 5 4 E 8HJHZ ) O * 5 677B( # L & " AB ! 8`CP 2 #/ " 8HHBZ / " 4 Z 677D(! + %! 3 + & ') 3$ K 3$ 3 1 % " 2 " " T + + ! G = L # " 2 2 ' % ! # + + 4 + ! 2 + % 0 # G 1 + # % " ! & 2 1 • A( 2 " 1 # $ Z L # + +L + " ! " G 2 2 1 #/ " # 2 677DZ $ 8HJC( " &* 8HJCZ + E E $/ % # 2 E 4 3 8HH6Z " 4 & / + " # 677DZ T " " G ' + %@ + + + 0 2 2 K !-E-!-!- % 2 1Z 2 2 U 1 L "G # 3 2 ! $ & * ! 31 _ / 0@31 K 0 ) ' 6787Z K K / 1 ; FF < / K ] K L 6787Z 4 J77`H77 0 6787( + # % 2 1 + " L #8M< # + 1 # 4 $ 1 "+ % +L @ # " ! 3 + O ' + # 1 U d K) g@ /5 a) 1 , 6776(! & % (4 & , % 2 / # + [ # " 1 + " 1 & @ ! # ( 5 + + 2 2 D7P " " ! * 1% % "+ T ) #1 ' Y 0 1 1 2 G ! 2 ' # " ! + [ &8D : ( + ME # K@ <7P M ( 5 + G 2 2 2 L & L : [ 2 ' U + 2; !-C-#-!-(! 1 + 8HHJ(! * M 1 % & ' K@ &CH BA ' ! " ! &677H( E " 1 ) > + + + ) / ! ?+ ' < 6`D D 2 " " " L $ ) # " K@ % # & + % 4 B 6`B A " 8HHJ(! U &677J( 2 + 4& + # $ @ ! ! U 0 + 3@ % +L • L " 1 " # ! : &L + 1( 1 $ ! G 6 ; F9 < + " &6 <P 1 @ + " ' 1! @ " # (! Cm6N c) # C7P & 2 G 867 1% % (! & 2 , 2 # 1 L " $% K@ 2 + , $% + + + # # + # " # 2 1 % + &7 % 1 % " ! + + " #/ " 1 2 # 5 2 @ % 2 K@ #/ # " + # 2 = C7P $ % & ! &677C( " 2 + 1 ! 1 # K@ 1 &8HH<( # * " 1 ! 3# 1 &( + + " L 87P( " ! ( ) 2 % 5 1 " [ + #% / ! 0 ' + [ ( K@ # 2 ( 1 &6778( % + 2 ) " + 1 + & + 5 [ ! & " ! 3#U D7P / % " ' 7 K ( Z L R + 1 & 1 # ( % 4 &K' % 1 1 2 2 4& + ' K@ ! b) ( 2 ' ( + [ &A7 + + [ @ & ! &677J( + 1 : & D7P &/ 4 1 + 1 # 4$ . %% , % @ % " + Z & + ! 1 ; FD < 1 ' Y @ # @ +L + [ + # 2 Z " + % # U + # & / ' * K 677<(! + 1 ' # 2 + 2 " L % 2 + #U 5 Z # 1 1 1 1 + & 677<(! + 2 G @ % ! L + 5 @ + ' L 1Z !-E-C- & N %@ '$ , % ( + @ 2 1 0 & & 2 + @ & 1 + @ " C7 A7P " " 0 ! &8HH<(! + ' P ( J - -J e&& J ?- 7$ J 7-J & J 7-J R T 4 - 8 - *!""9+- a @ /) " = "" ! ( B6&A( <B6`<BH! -J $J -J ' J -J R - *!"": +- " " / E E ! * # HD&A( DD8`DDB! -J J dJ ( " )@ JC&C( A6C@AC7! / ! -J R J " NJ / - - *!""D+! " "" ) ! # 88&<( <6C`<6B! N ' J *#::"+! * + " D D J - $ / " + "" . ' -J & J ?- " /) & J / " &f J ?- & f J -J $J -J & -J 'd J - ?-J R *!"":4+! " ( ( ` J > 3 " ) -J R - - = " !* 87&C( 8J8`8H7! -J J -J 2 J -J J ?-J R $ NJ ?- *!""F+! )@ / = " ! D D6C`DCC! Q &&J + % H7&A( $ ! G 6 ; FG < )@ ` J Q - -J J -J > J ?-J J >-J R $ NJ ?- *!""E+! ) / " + / = " " ! <J AD`D8! cB J D ( J & dJ /J "" " / * ' ! # ( ?- J -J -J R /J dJ & - / / I / " ' +) K ! D 88B&A( <6B`<CC! % $J ?- *#::#+! 1 + $ ! > ) ! 5 ! O $J "" " % G " # -J R " ! ( , / J ?- ) / / " )@ / " <D&A( 86BD986J7! $J ?-J $ *#::D+! "" / J -J R $J ! " " " ) ( D BB&C( CJB`CH6! / ) ! J -J - *#::F+! /) "" )@ ! D % ( J 0 / - 7-J Q Q *#::C+! S $/ "" K@ D A J 8" " -J $ % J -J & 4 KJ >-J R - *!""D+! ) " / / ) ! * D BJ&C( H66`HC6! J ?- -J > &6 @ J %$ &J -J R J , " E + / ( BC&A( DB<`DJ7! -J @, N6 - *!""9+! " / / ! 4$ J O - *!""!+! - " / J 01 677B 4 $%J -J 4 J -J > $ J ?- -J J ?- -J R /& J - - *!""G+! " "" +) / ! ( J7&A( 87H6`87HH! ! ) ' J / / J -J & ( Q/J -J R V 1 TJ + " + + K / ! BC&C( 6JH`6H6! J $J ?- *!""D+! $ 5 = > ! - % * ! 68H`6CC! $J ?-J *!""C+/ ) 1 d $J ?-J J =-J ( , J ?-J $J -J R ' J - *!""D+$ / / / ) " )@ ! ( BB&8( J8`JH! T -J J *!"":+! )@ - -J R " D6&8( <C`<H! -J R D . 66H&8( HC`HJ! J "" $J ?-J $ -J R $J / / " / + BA&6( / - -J - *!""G+! ( ' $J ?-J $ *#::G+! $/ ' -J R % ' J - " + " ( " ! ! h $! *! & !( " / /) ) " / ! ' &O ! 88 ! JA`877(! = / h 4 ! 3 / / !* D 8HC`8HJ! N J ?- *#:G#+! $/ " ! <8&H( 8C<<@8C<B! -J R " A J *#::D+! & ! " ) ( -J R " & " J / + ) " <6&C( C6C`C6H! ! 1 ; F: < J -J -J R 8 $116 -J ' J J - *!""D+! * " 4 "" " ) E @/ ) E! B<&6( CDH`C<D! ) I ( ?- J - ' '$`J ?- -J -J R ( J -J $ - *#::#+!O " )@ / ' D CH&B( 86DB`86<8! * % J -J + / J -J R ! = & !(! . & ! 8BA`677(! * * > ! ! K >! 33 & J -J R "" I & " - + -J $J J - ?- S - *!""G+/ + " ' K I / M ! * D 86A&8( HJ`876! J - -J / 5 1 ! _ $ Q ?- 1 ( J - *!""9+- * $ J -J - *!""!+! " ) J -J R $ J "" ! ) 6776 9 ) 6776( 5 / ! 67H! ( 6B`C7 - -J R = ;K & ! ! D + *3= (! QJ - 7- *#:::+! 2 ) / " I E! * D <A&8( 8B8`8BA! / %7 J -J ' $ & J -J R *#::F+! / "" 'J - 7-J , $& J - 73 M + " + ) E! * <7&8( DJ`<6! 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E & 8D@C7 I = I / I / / 8D@ / I " Z " ( / " &7@8D Z M( & (! ' / / & "" 6 / X@ ) " / "" $ I ;F-#-E-<= ) ) ;F-#-#-< A &E ( 2 / % "" ⋅ " ∂ & ( &E M877 E ( ) ∂ ⋅ = − / / / "" $/ I $/ -9 - &E ( ! (! 3 JF; # ( ;F-#-C-< &E M877 E ( ) I ) ' " 6 E M = − %< > ⋅A / 8HJJ( 86<D =; I/ " / 2 (=% =F +) & / (! > E I / &λ' W DJH!DH6 I/ (= &8=A(! $/ " = E ME # = I ) % - / " 6 "" / " + @ ! " 7@8D ) 8D@ * ; :D < C7 ) " I + +) " I " $/ / " I + ) ;F-#-D-< & 2 / ;F-#-F-<( 2 " / " 8D " / E I + / = I/ )⋅X X J % +; = ⋅ % −; + % +; + −J ⋅% )⋅X =XX J ) )= % = < ⋅ ⋅ ; I/ ;F-#-D-< + J ;F-#-F-< I / < "" 2 " "" 0 & E M877 E 2 ;F-#-E-< % +; − % 2 ;F-#-F-< / / & ( / / / ! " 0 / +) / "" / " / / " / " "" / + I / ) / ! I / " + / 4 O / ) " & 3 ( " / " " / / ) / + & + / )0 @ = I / / Y8! + 5 6 I )! $/ / / / E "" E 8 "" @8 E 677C(! $/ " & ( / I 3 &E M877 E ( " / / 2 2 + / / I ! " @ Y8 " / E $/ / / " (I ! $/ " / I 2 @ / " )! )I / / I / / / / X@ ) + = / ( I " 8D " " " / & ( + + / " ! / " )! C7 &" I %( % −; − J ⋅ % + % +; ;F-#-9-< = )⋅ = ∆ >J X I/ / " 67 " / +) / + ) / " + I 7 " = $/ " 8D &" I / / ! + ;F-#-F-< ! " " / ! " I / / $ ! G D ; :G < $/ " / @ / @ N ( 8D9C7 )( / &6 &798D / & " + / & 3 ) " " & / / )I $& E "" / ( & l 7!7D(! $/ & 6 E M ( / I " E / " ) + / / "" &8HJC( 2 / "" / / + I + + / " + " 3 / 7Z ! ! E I / & / M 6 ( I / / E " &7!78CD E / ( I/ / / " +) ) ) E 6 E M @ " / "" " / / / E " / ( " / 0 & / / I I/ / "" &7!78D< E 0R 0@ L / E ! "" "" I + + ) " / 3 ( I/ / 3 / F-#-#-(! $/ " / / 3 / " + + I / / / 3 & c 7!7D(! $/ 4& " &! ! / " & / c 7!7D(! $/ "" I / / + / E / )/ / + / / " / E " +) / + I E " ) / (I / I / " " E 4& F-#-C! "" + I I & E 4& I 7! ^ ; $/ & / & I & & ( / / ! " "" + %$ : E + I / 3 + C- ;F-#-G-< " + l 7!7D( I )0 ( + F-#-C-( "" + I ⋅ ⋅ / ! $/ 4 " (! & / " & / + + / * ) " +) ( " = ⋅ Z 3 ( I "" " E M & = "" 3 "" 3 ( ' >( " + 86 M( C ) & + / 6 &) / ) " I + I E " M 6 (! $/ I / * ; :: < E & ( I / 4& F-#-C- ) E & / ( " A + ) 3 & " +) 3 (! - ! / 3 *T'O( + *T( &O( J j #" 6C+ 7!<C< 8B!H 7!CH<+ 8B!B 7!<6H B!6 7!D<C / 3 + ^ / 7!7D(! + + <7 E K@ / " Q $ " I / K 7!8BD A!A 7!88HH 6!HH ++ I / / "" +) "" "" ! $/ ) 2 / I $/ ) 4 @$ R ? Q1 ) / ! / 0@ @ E K " Y ' ! > + / / &*z8!D {( / Y R @ &677<( I/ / / @* + / 3 " ) / ! +( I/ " K@ " / " / / / &677D H!AJ E " D7MC7! @I / / / I E " & l / ! ' "' /) " ' MK Y "" / + I / B!67 E "' / ) MK@ / R "" / Q1 6!8 ) +) ! $/ ) + 7!67< ! $/ R &677H( I/ / H!8 ! I / " K 7!688 ' " / I / Y 8C!D+ I/ / 2 2 + 7!AJC+ 877 E ! + 877 E + 877 E ! I / K@ E 8C!B " 67 E ' = K@ * + I / = = ! / &*z6!D {( I $ ! G D ; #"" < + &+ Y I/ K / " ! $/ I &?"" + Y / I " *WC!D {( $/ ) " K " /) / / / @ h $ E 8HJC(! " " / / " I/ / / I/ / I " " ! 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" / " c 7!7D( & " )@ 4& F-#-E- "" +) ! $/ / / 8HJH( ) 4& F-#-E-( " / )@ I/ / 2 " I/ / @ h I 86 N "" " / / / + / 0 8HJA( @ 6N ! $/ E E + / / " 8HJJZ / ! 86 N ) / / I / h E @ I / 0 & ) + / / ) $/ ) + 0R 0@ L / ! $/ $/ ) / / (! $/ I / + h 6 B!7 × 87 " " / ) ! &677J( &" " "" " / & 5 @87 6!67 × 87 I "" &677A( O ! &677D( / $/ &* ) *(!O × #" 6#" + A!8J Q& 6!67+ % /, C!H6 $( 6 & ' $ %& (, $ $( C!JD ! C!86+ #! C!H< & C!H7 *b + /, C!8J+ < + ^ / " I / " ) "" & l 7!7D(! ) $ ! G D ; #"E < / " / I " & 8!<JP ! &8H<<( / "" ) > "" " " / "" + I " 8M67 8M87! ' " / " "" " / ) "" " ) 4 + / " / + ! / I I/ / + / "" / "" " / " "" 86 N ) " " @ 6 N ! 4 I + I / +) O %T V& ' ( $/ ! / " ) / &677D(! " %&$ $/ 4 "" / E / / "" / ) @ / ! $/ 4 + " " >?? / " ' / I / K@ E I/ / +) / / "" / * & / I " / I/ ! / " / I / (" " ) " ! ) Z ) $/ I / / " / " * / / "" " / # "" " I / " E ! "" + ) " ) " ) / 5 I / E / E " + / / ! + ") / ) ) )@ / $ &-$ + I ! / / I E / / " " .( >?? @ $@677B@7C<6AD! $/ E / " $* "" I / > * " + E ) / E- @ ! > &8HJ7( / / I c 7!7D(= 6!JDP ! ^ " / + ( %& $ ∆ ∆ @ / X@ " / * ; #"F < ) ' " /) / "" I / / 6 " % ! # "" ) "" ) M E E M I / E / ( 6 M "" J -J R " / ) / ! * 9 D ' J -J R J ?- / X@ dJ " )@ C&C( A6C9AC7! ` J - -J $ &J -J R " / !# -J & J ?- / - *!"":(! ! % ! DHA9DHH(! 4 && 6 ,,J -J 6 (d J - -J 8 d N6 4 J ?-J 6 J 8 -J R ' 6 & T J - *!""9+/) / + " )! N % 86A 6AC96D7! J - " /) ` J ?-J 0 J ?- -J $J -J 4df NJ ?- -J R J - *!""G+! @ / / " ! @ $ +) + / I @ ! ( <H @ 678@67J! & f J -J $J -J & -J 'd J - ?-J R *!"":+" + & * ! % / J 1 < " + ( 0 @ 9 ( 4 BB CJB9 ' ) 1 ' J / / I / ( d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e ' *!""G+! -J J -J J 8 -J R 7 & "" " ' 6C ' +) 84 ! J7 JD89JD<! / E! AD 8BA79 8$ J -J $J ?- J =-J *!"":+! / I / $J "" / / = J - *!""!+! " 'J -J e T& 6 J - 8- ( / " " -J R " / ! _! & ! / " " ! N 87A&6( 86<98D6! E D * ! / :C9 *#::G+! )@ ! " &* " O J6&6( 68C9 ( 68J! Nd& N6 ` NJ -J J ?- -J R ( J ?- - *#:GC+! L /L "" ! % " A&8( CD9 A8! $J -J $ $J J ?- / ) + -J & 4 *#::9+! ( J -J NT/J * H879H8J! J -J &1 J -J R - *!""9+! "" " / E ! D # BB&A( J ?- -J $ ` NJ "" # $Q - ! ,J - - -J R Nd& N6 *#:GE+! @ I! D 8 6JB96HB! $1J - -J 44 J - ?-J R 8 &&J - *#::D+! " / @ "" " E + +) ' @ 6C & * (! * C8&A( ADB9AB8! 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H!8! ! ) *! = bF& ! + / %TJ ?- *#:GC+! ? / " I / = / E " ( J 6AD@6J8! $ N6 (2 NJ ?-J $J ?-J R $J - *!""F+! * + I I 4 )@ ! B7 DBH9DJB! "" 66' 6DJ96<D! @ S J - D -J R ! AA89AAC! J - S - *#:99+! $/ E " ( D ' 8A7! "" D " !* 8B 8CJ9 W &&J - -J Q J -J R J *#:F9+! / / I ! ' % 6J &88( 8<<D98<<J! - " $ ! G D ; #"G < !I = 0 . 0 >a . . 6 ($ & J -J . T V T J W-J $ V & %N V T J -J R 11$ /1 ( 4/ Q = 2 9 1 \ $J - *!"#"+ $ ' HV && 3$ J :D*C+J C##[C#G * ; #": < S X *#+ *!+ > *#+ 6 J W- 8 6 T V T *!+ J - *$ S > =S *!+ %N V T $ *#+ J - @8B868 ) " 4 $ / ) "| 0 +5 "" " E +) / 0 I E ) "" " I & / ( / ! $/ + "" / C " ! ) ! " / / "" " ) CD I ! " @ / I E ! 2 + ! $/ "" ) I ! "" " ) I 7 /V 0 ! " " ) I "I 2 " I/ I +) / > E "" D77 ) " / " / +) / I ) / / / I / / I I "" / J7 I / 2 E I I/ / ! "" " @ " ) ! % )" $/ X E $ ! G D ; ##" < #- ) $% 2 ) " ! > "" / " ) I/ 0 " + / / " ) / / ! 7!<P ! " ) I / " / Z / @ ! $/ "" I " I IMI " 2 / I & " 0 ( 2 " @ ! + /) / + " / / ) / ) 2 / + "" " I / + 0 ! I "" " =I " ! ) / / I/ " 8HJ7Z 8HJJZ > 677DZ ! 8HHJZ } " 8H<<Z (! $/ + "" ! + + / / & ! " " ! $/ " MI + I 0 2 / ) ' " / / ) / > E "" ) ! 677AZ O ! 677BZ ^ + " / / / ! 677<Z 4 677JZ ? 0 + / 677A(! $/ / " / " / & 5 "" I " / / I / / ) / I ! ! + ) ( / " "" ! / " I/ / ' & ! ! ) / ! $/ " ) / I = + I / / "" / / ) I I / + / ) > E# " I M ) / / " ' " "" &8HJB( " / / / " / / +5 I/ 8HHC(! K "" " ) &$ ) / "" + " K " " / ) " / I / / " "" &$ ) +) > E# / / / / K / / " / / 8HHC(! / 2 " / * ; ### < "" " "" & 6776Z / * + ! 677AZ 677CZ + " / " "" / ) / E J;; ( "" E " ! ) I E &4 8HHA( " ) "" "" / " " & R "" "" / E 6776Z 677AZ ^ u K 7!6D ) " / u / " E I/ / ") / "" ! ! " / + " ! 8H I / +) &> + u >+ ! ! + E _ (! $/ / &M( I " I 7!D7 ! ! J;J D !- & $/ Q I / " / + + / +5 / " "" 7!7J ) / & / "" " ( I " " ME , G ! I E I I D 0) 5 8HHD(! $/ @ (! ! 0 CZ + / 8HHAZ * 0@31 E 7!DZ > "" 6777Z 3 I 7!8DZ " 8HJJZ ! BZ + + & >C / + 0 C7Z " / (= 7!8DZ ! / E 0 + ) " I I / / 6DZ L 6776Z + / " I 7N + R ) " & / ! 6777Z 4 I / < ! $/ ) 0 " / + "" =+ +) + 2 " / B7=C7 I E " / / E .! $/ ! / ! / - "" + I @ + /! $/ / " / / "" I / / "" ) ! $/ / ) ) ) / 2 " + / / 8HHH(! " E ) E I E ) 5 I/ / " ! + I " / / + 68 N m 8 N $ ! G D ; ##! < / / " ) &*4 ( " H7 9 HDP 4 A!H7 9 A!HJ " " 6 ) ! $/ " " I ) / $/ ) I / " 6N " " I " M 9 8J N ± " 0 " / /) F-!-#- / / ) ! ) + ) W 7!AJ m 7!6H ! '$ " / ! 86 N m 8 N J7P m 6P *4 " " CD ) ! ? I / I / / L = 20 mm + ) " CD ) " / " " / ) ! $/ I "" ") " / E / bn = ! $/ " / "" ) / " / D H 68 CD ) I / & W6 @ @ M ) /) & M 0 / / ) / /) / ) " " ! / @ I C ! / 0 / ! " 67 @ / E I/ / " / / I " 9 8J N ± 6 N " / ) " I I ( + / ) + " 0 4 " / F-!-#- / I 3 $/ ( I E 34 &7 6 '$ " / E + ) (! / I $/ a = 2 mm D ) I " b = D – 2×a a = 2 mm J;K ( b 10 / I/ JJ; % / / &+ y y M( I ) &+ (! $/ I + I + ! $/ " / / I " / 0 / E I ) " " $*D7 " @ K " @$ * & E @^ E Z " ! I " $/) E _ )( " I E h * ; ##C < 2 / &BJD 3 !Z 4 + / # $ C- I 0 ( I / 0 / , / & ( I ( 8JA8@6 &8HH<(! $/ " ) / ) 7!7788 E 2 ) 6 )0 &8( 9 I 8HH7(! $/ I I 6!A88 E M E 7!78H E I / ME I "6 + D6D ± 6D N / / I I & 2 I/ + &K & 68!86 Γ= / ! + ; + );J $/ J );J =W< > ; = W; > ;+ ; < + ; ;F-!-F-< "" / 8C!DD < < = W; > ; M877 6!6J < ) <; =W< > ;+ < " (I ; ; − ) <; ) <J − < ;F-!-E-< " (! $/ I " E + )0 " / / 8HJJ( 86<D 7!D7P! ;F-!-!-< ! ; + J ) <; ) <J N= ; ; − ; − ) <; );J " I ) = I/ +) " ) 2 ;F-!-C-< I 7!B7P / =*> = − % [N ]− ; [Z ]= ∇ > > / =; I = < &$ −; I ) <J $ " " / & ? JJK D " / " 7!7<JP! / 2 &7( 9 &6( I/ " 6!6J P " ;F-!-!-<( I * = −% +) I ! $/ ! ! ! / > E ! ! ! " HC< 8HHJ(! $/ / %) =; ≠ @ "" " I ( ;F-!-#-<(= ) +) " 87C ± 6 N & ? $/ += & * − * = &6( I ) & 2 " / I ^ I / Y JJJ P " @ I M E & ! ! !( & ! ! ! W & 1% 0 ∂Y .,+ ∂! (! " ( $/ ? % &( ) &7!8 / Q ( Q ( / " + 5 ) "" γ / / ) "" ! $/ " I $ ! G D ; ##E < ) 2 " 887 ! ;F-!-C-<= *J = < / " " " / ! 4 M & D7 777 B = J ⋅e ⋅ M ⋅ I I/ ( −; E / " "" 2 2 "" / & ! $/ " " <!6D I/ / " 2 / " / ! / " "" / ) f< " f.! " / " B $ W 6JD!8D K! / I = B = I / / ;F-!-C-< I/ " / ! $/ ( I / I/ / I " I " " + 2 / " 2 2! ;F-!-D-< ? / I " I + + / " / /) " / / " " / E ;F-!-D-< + I + I/ +; − +; − B ;F-!-G-< " B " B / " " / ! 4 I / / I/ " A7 ) ! $/ I " + "I 4 $/ " 7!7H8B E I/ 2 " / I ME I ME ! ! ! I / I ! " 2 " ! ! ! 6!8H E $/ " ! $/ + & I 0 I I / +) / 887 : I/ / / + / + ! $/ $/ ! + ) / / M " " " / & " ) ⋅ *B " " + / * / / " − −; + /I " ⋅ *B / B / ! $/ " ;F-!-D-< I/ - ( ) 8HHH( " &? = / + / / ) 2 & ( 2 " $/ "" ;F-!-9-< / 8 0 ! / f< <! ) / " ) & ( ) ! ! B/ f * ; ##F < / " $/ ! $/ " ;F-!-:-< ) 2 " I ) &7!AJ ) 3 I "" ! / " ) " / " 3 I f < G]K . < FGG $/ − R> " $/ + 2 / + / = −J ⋅ e ⋅ ; ⋅ M ⋅ $/ " + BR =R − R> R = − J ⋅ e ⋅ ; ⋅ M ⋅ *A ; " +) I " I = R = < GJJ ⋅ / 7!<66 − A A ;F-!-#C-< ⋅ / "I @ ⋅ A < I/ ;F-!-#"-< / / E A / ;F-!-#!-< &8HHH(! 2 " 2 R " + / I I " ;F-!-:-< ) " " < KKK I = A ) = BR =R / = / / ) ) I) " + " I " (! I A; " &6JD!8D K( / I / / &878C6D 2! BR " M ( &J7P( 2 "" + = / " " ! " / / / + " 2 / ; " " " / 2 " / / " ! / / " + / / ! $/ ) + I / I / / ) + / + +) / / / " 2 ) ! &8HJ<(! $/ +) 2 " 9 I +) a " 2! ;F-!-##-< " ! " " / / / + ! $/ / " ;F-!-F-<! $/ + 2 " ) " " I / " / I + / / 2 " I 4 ) ;F-!-##-< " / 3 KF; P * <f< = I " 34 " = −J ⋅ e ⋅ ; ⋅ M ⋅ * ; / / / " / " + % / " 2 &γ (M I W = =; + < <<; ; J >W ! 5 " 2 5 W 7 8 = ;F-!-#E-< $ ! G D ; ##9 < W W = I/ ⋅ ;F-!-#F-< KFJ P / γ ) / " ) +) a / 2 &γ (M + " / " / / " / 2 + $/ E +) / I / / I 2 / W 2 &8HHH( / I E I / 5 W 7 8 / ! $/ " '$ " " 7!BD! $/ / ;F-!-#E-< 5 /+ ) " " / "" ! &8HJ<(! " " $/ " / '$ / " F-!-C! I " ;F-!-#9-<= F-!-!! > ;F-!-#9-< ≤ = ⋅ ≤ I/ A;=+ TA T > = !K=+ TA T > ⋅ ; + J F AJ =+ − TA T A ⋅ (J − ; − J ⋅ T ; + J ⋅T ( ; + J ⋅T ; + J ⋅T !J =TA T > = + (J ⋅ ; ) ⋅T ⋅T + G ) + ; + J ; TA − ⋅T ;F-!-#D-< J − ; − + J⋅ J ⋅T +F ) ⋅ TA ⋅ (; − + ; J ⋅T J ⋅T + ] J ;F-!-#G-< ⋅T + ;F-!-#:-< J H !K =+ TA T > = I K !; =T A T > ⋅ ! K =+ T A T > ! J =T A T > TA T > = !; =T A T > = ⋅T + ; TA − ; ⋅T + Q ⋅ TA ;< ] K;F J ( ; + J ⋅T ; + J ⋅T ⋅T ⋅ ) ; ; − J]G ;I + ) ;F-!-!"-< ;F-!-!#-< * ; ##D < ; f ;I F;GH G f ;JJ H<HQ ; f < <H;FQGG J f < JFKGIIG H J K f < <J<I ] '$ f FJG< Q ; &γ (M / F-!-C- " f ;J] ]HGK f $< <H<Q]K F-!-!- > '$ & f $HH F;QG J Z Q F f ;F H;QG f < <<J<]] f ;Q ]QK;JI I 5 " 66666 " J ;< " f $HK IIG; f ; KQJ<QQ f ]J ;F<JQG & 86V ! ( " 66666 " I ; f < Q]GKFKH " I 86V @ 7!8CDD E ME (! Z+ E 7!7H8B E ME $ ! G D ; ##G < $/ / 2 " ) / ) @/) " ! $/ "$ 5 / &677C(! $/ ! ! ] I / T + ;+ I/ " " + " " " ) I ) ! / " / ! $/ I ) I + / " ! I '- ) " / / I " I " ! $/ ) / / / / " $/ T &E ME ( ) " / &7!8CDD E ME ( ) + /) " " + / / ) I ;F-!-!!-< I I +) )(= ⋅T " ! $ " I / I " / I ! $/ ) I / / &" E $ / = / I " " / " + E " + = / / " I T ) > ! $ ") / KFF 6J!7P $/ " C!7P I I = ) <H!7P! F-!-C! + KFK ) $/ + ) "" +) / & ) A( )<J & " E I ! $/ ) ( +) + + ! $/ ) I 8HHH( 6DV = + C ! $/ / I / 5 I C-9- / + 2 / E / +) / " / / " / / + E ! $/ I " " / I I @ " / + " " / ;F-!-D-<! "" ) 2 ;F-!-!C-< " / + / %< + I + 2 I ) M ) ) )A (! $/ I )<; = ; GJ ⋅;< −Q −; Q ⋅;< −;< %< I/ ; E = )<; );J & "" " I " ) ( & & E 3 / + ) '- F-!-E! * ; ##: < $/ + / + " " / +) I ( ε / ) "" + + / / E / )! $/ " $/ / " ) ;F-!-!F-< " ) ) + "" I / ) " I + I E+ ! " 2! ;F-!-!F-< " / + / F-!-E- ) @K ) / I I " ! , '$ " & / " I 677B(! I / " / = ⋅ + / + Γ " " / +) C(! / / " = "" " ) / ) ) 7!C787! / "" / / & ! 7!8 &7!C787 / " + ! (! $/ / ! / 2 " $/ "" I " / + / / " " "" E I ;F-!-!E-< I/ / I 7!8DJA! $/ / / / E " / = . = .< ⋅ ; + g ⋅ T A I/ $/ " / E * W &X I(! " " +) + / @ $ ! G D ; #!" < 0 " " + I/ + "" / " @ / " 2 " + + &< + D H " I / / / ( I / < D W C7 " 6 / " / ) I/ " CD ) / + + / / / / I ! $/ " ) / / = ; ;] ⋅ ;< )A = H ;J ⋅;< −;J ⋅ T A K JI / ⋅ TA + / "" I ) 9 ! $/ '- F-!-F - +) > E 6776(! $/ I 68 )! '- F-!-F4- + 6 ! $/ "" " + + I E! * 0@ " '- + ! E / > E "" "I Z ) / I ! " &677A( / I " / / " 94- I/ " / I " / + "I I I I $/ & '- F-!-D-(! "I F-!-D- " ) " ) " "" ! "I & " " "" + / " / ) " $/ / / / I + I / / ;F-!-!D-< " + + / "I ;F-!-!9-< "" CD / ! ) F << ) / " 0 I −;; / "" " = H/ E " + E ) " +) " / I ) ) "" > " %$ D + / / ! $/ I / I / / " + I "" " E I/ / /) )! I / I I $& E / 0 / " I " / / ! " " 68 (! E- I " I D / "" / I / " " ! $/ I & / / / 0 ) " / I " / '- F-!-D! ) ) * ; #!# < '$ & F-!-F& ( C ( '$ " * + *4+ 6 ! * + * + *4+ 6 ! *4+ I / / "" " " " " CD ) $/ " / " ) + / ) " !* &677C( ! @88 87 ! $/ + I &8!7B y ) M( @+ ( I / &7!D7H E ME + "" @ ! 6 / / " + I ) & + I + "" ) / / " / I I ( " * + *4+ / & F-!-9& (I C I I )@ ( &7!BH E ME " / " )@ / / ( / )" )A $ ! G D ; #!! < " / > E '$ F-!-D86 N ! I / " "" * 0@ + I I " " 9 ) ^ + " ! " / " 6776 + " 8!6H y 87@ @88 6 6!8H y 87 M " ! 677B(! +) " ) / / / + 6!D7 y 87 "" " / M ! $/ ) C B y 87@87 +) 4 6 M ! &677J( ! &677D 677B( I/ " / / ) + ' / / )! " $ ! / O "" " 6 )! 4 I + " E ) / I ! / / @87 ) 677AZ * 0@ + " @87 + 677C ! 677A( / 6!7C y 87 @88 8!87 y 87 E + + " / M ! &$ 5 E ) / 6 <!JH y 87 + + I " @88 ! &677<( / / = ) & &8HJ7( &8HHJ( + ) ) ! ! &8HJA( I / I " / "" &8H<<( &8HJ7( > "" " " "" ) 4 I / I * ! ' / 88 I "" "I "" ! &677A(! / 2 "" " + ) " I I / * ; #!C < + ) " @ "" "I / / / / / I / / $ E + " / / + ) " ) " " / * & ! ) " ) " / /I E ) I ! / / + / ) "" I + "I ! " $/ / " * / ( " " ! " " # / F- ) " ! %&$ " / " ) " E " + ) " 0 " @ + I 2 " "" " " " ) ) ) I / ) "" ) / / h 2! 6D h + "" ! ? 6 M ) ) ) > E "" ) "" / / / M / " / * " ) C "I )" 6 M 6 ) M E "" ! E M& @ M V& $/ E ME ' ( / " ) / E ) / " * I / $ ' 3 " ? *K 4 / " / 5 ' &>? ? @ $@677B@7C<6AD(! ,@ / I h E + I E < " + + / > 6 M& ~ ( BR ) "I %T C M )" ) ) / ) " I / / " " "" I h E ) > E / 2! 6D % / ! $/ I ! " I " ) A " / / ) %& $ / I $/ ( h 6 ~ ( $ ! G D ; #!E < / &( vw . 2 .< * ) . + h ., _M&E + K ~K( 1 % *#::"+! ? "" ) A) ) I /" I " h I " ) / / E "" ?I E/ ) ! ) QJ _ME $ ,J ( 6B9C7 J ;K =-)( ! *#:::+! "" ) "" ' + E ME -J R " "" @ E " + " "" 67! h ! -J R J ?- - *#:GG+! h"" i / / ( 6C 889 J ?- - *#:G"+! ) ( 5E 7 + " + " + " B ! 3 E ! EE ]! ? EE _! h 3 E _! & !(! > & ! 8 ! A7B@A88(! 3 ! "" HJ ?- - *#:G"+! + 8A I 6 $ "" ! 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