Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems

Integumentary, Skeletal,
Muscular, and Nervous Systems
Nervous System:
• Function:- The electrical system of the
body.
- Control/coordinate body functions and
respond to external stimuli
Neurons:- Cells that carry electrical signals
throughout the body.
3 Types:
1)Sensory carry signal from sense organs to
spinal cord/brain.
2)2) Motor carry signal from brain/spinal cord to
muscles and glands.
3)3) Interneurons connect sensory and motor
neurons.
Central Nervous System (CNS):
• Brain has three parts to it.
• 1) Cerebrum receives sensory impulses and
coordinates muscle response and thinking
impulses.
• 2) Cerebellum coordinates voluntary muscle
movements and balance.
• 3) Brain Stem controls involuntary functions,
such as breathing, swallowing, blood
pressure, etc.
• Spinal Cord links the brain with parts of the
body and controls reflexes.
Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS):
• All other nerves except the brain & spinal
cord.
• Sensory division transmits signals from
sensory organs to CNS.
• Motor division transmits signals from CNS
to muscles or glands.
Integumentary System:
• Function:protection and temperature
regulation of the body.
• Structure:skin has layers called epidermis
and dermis.melanin gives color.
• sweat glands cool body.
• oil glands condition and waterproof skin.
• hair and nails are also a part of this
system.
Skeletal System
Function:
1. Support of the body
2. Protection of internal organs
3. Provides movement
4. Stores minerals
5. Site of blood cell formation
Structure:
Axial skeleton: skull, vertebral column and ribs.
Appendicular skeleton: pectoral/pelvic girdles
and appendages (arms & legs
Periosteum: Connective tissue layer on outside
of bone.
Outer Layer: "Compact bone" contains blood
vessels that run through Haversian canals
Core: "Spongy bone" provides strength.206
bones: red marrow (where blood is made)
yellow marrow (fat cells)
Cartilage: strong & flexible cushion between
bones for protection.
Axial
Skeleton
(Green)
Appendicular
Skeleton(Yellow
)
• Ligaments: Connects bone to bone.
• Tendons: Connects bone to muscle.
• Synovial fluid: Lubricates joints.
Joints: Where two bones meet.
Muscular System:
Function: movement and protection of some
internal organs.
Skeletal muscles: Attached to bones for
movement (Tendons)
Have many nuclei
Striated
Smooth muscles:
Found in involuntary organs
Aid in digestion & reproduction
Contraction is called peristalsis
One nucleus
No striations
Cardiac muscle
Is your heart
One or two nuclei
Involuntary
Striated
How Muscle & Bones Interact
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ONLY skeletal muscles attach to bones.
Attached with tendons.
When a muscle contracts, it shortens.
When a muscle relaxes, it lengthens.
One muscle is attached to TWO bones.
When the muscle contracts, it pulls the
bones closer together