As the World Turns Galileo vs. the Church

As the World Turns
Name ___________________
Date __________
Period ______
Galileo vs. the Church
How do you explain the motion of the planets compared to Earth?
What holds planets in their circular location?
Who’s right, the church or the scientist?
Is the earth the center of the universe?
If the earth is moving why don’t we fly off?
Old Geocentric Theory
____centric Theory: (_______ -centered)
Official View of the __________ Church
Earth is center of Universe
Proof:
• Earth seems stationary
•
•
•
Blind acceptance of Greek teachings
•
Teachings of Aristotle 300 BC Greek
•
The world is made of 5 elements
1 _______ 2_________ 3________ 4________
5 ____________________________________
•
Earth does not rotate
•
Clear round domes hold planets and stars
•
Ptolemy AD 150 Greek
Agrees with Aristotle
Used math and geometry to “prove” the
Geocentric Theory
Problems:
• Planets must travel in ______ ________
•
•
New Heliocentric Theory
THE THEORY - Copernicus 1473-1543 Polish
Goal: Fix problems of __________ (Calendar & math)
•
HELIOCENTRIC THEORY
(______ is the center and it rotates)
But it goes against teachings of ______________
and “common sense”
(Too chicken to __________ it till his death)
Sparks debate
THE EVIDENCE Tycho Brahe 1546-1601
Danish
•
•
THE PROOF – Kepler 1571-1630 German
Used Brahe’s measurements
Made one adjustment – math was perfect
Kepler’s 3 Laws of Planetary Motion
I.
II.
III.
VISUAL PROOF – Galileo 1564-1642 Italy
Galileo Tells the World
On Motion:
• Things fall at equal rate
•
First Telescope:
•
•
Says Heliocentric is right:
•
Writes The Dialogs – 3 guys talking
(Proves __________ but says _________ is right)
•
Wrath of the Church
• Defensive of criticism – Galileo put on trial
• Found guilty of ________ – going against ______
• Sentenced to ____________________________
Never figured out gravity
The last piece – __________
Newton 1642-1727 English
Apple story
Explains orbit of planets, ___________ & ___________,
created Calculus to help
Finalized Laws of motion
I. Objects in motion tend to stay in motion; objects at rest
tend to stay at rest (unless acted upon by another force).
II.
III. For each action there is an _________ &
_______________ reaction
Law of Gravity: All objects have a natural
_____________ that varies with mass & distance