A Monthly Newsletter of Vigyan Prasar Network of Science Clubs -...

A Monthly Newsletter of Vigyan Prasar Network of Science Clubs - VIPNET
Dear Vipnetians,
Greetings from Vigyan Prasar. We regret the delay in bringing the combined issue of VIPNET newsletter
for the months of December 2014 and January 2015. There were certain unavoidable circumstances.
As you are aware, we have adopted the policy of bringing forth articles based on activities, shortage of
such articles was one of the major reasons for delay. Nonetheless, it is expected to be streamlined in
coming months. The current issue is the last issue which carries the printed re-registration form. You
are requested to make use of this opportunity and obtain your new Unique Authorisation Number from
us. We also appeal to you to spread the word to the clubs in your vicinity. We are delighted with the
response we have received from across the country in our initiative to re- register the clubs. The
re-registered clubs are enlisted on our website www.vigyanprasar.gov.in. We highly appreciate the
work of these active and vibrant clubs. Vigyan Prasar is in the process of devising policies to strengthen
the VIPNET clubs through consistent feedback and continuous programme delivery.
The year 2015 will be celebrated as the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies
(IYL 2015). It was proclaimed in United Nation’s 68th general assembly in the year 2013. In the context
of IYL-2015, our newsletter will have a special column for this year. The column will focus on the history,
concepts, developments and contributions in the field of light and light based technologies. It is impossible
to cover ‘light’ in limited issues of the newsletter printed in a year, yet we will focus on addressing the
major milestones.
The present issue includes articles on prestigious awards and their recipients in the field of Mathematics,
Ganga and its biodiversity, and Viscosity. Each article is followed by activities which can make you a
winner! Keep reading, keep performing and keep winning.
Dr Arvind C. Ranade
INSIDE
Recognition in Mathematics
xaxk dh tSo fofo/krk
Exploring Science - Viscosity
Re-Registration Form
r a c @ v i g y a n p r a s a r. g o v. i n
Exploring Science - Viscosity
Recognition in Mathematics
INSIDE
Education is the best friend. An educated person is respected everywhere. Education beats the beauty and the youth.
Chanakya
International Year of Light 2015
RECOGNITION IN
MATHEMATICS
fiz; foiusV lnL;kas]
Rintu Nath
foKku izlkj dh vksj ls vfHkoknuA gesa fnlEcj 2014 vkSj
tuojh 2015 ds la;qDr lekpkj i=k ds nsjh ls izdkf'kr gksus is
[ksn gSA dqN vifjgk;Z ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k ,slk gqvkA tSlk fd
vki lc tkurs gS geus xfrfof/k;ksa ij vk/kkfjr ys[k vkxs ykus
dh uhfr dks viuk;k gS ijUrq bl rjg ds ys[kksa dh deh] nsjh
ds izeq[k dkj.kkas esa ls ,d gSA cgjgky blds vkus okys eghuksa
esa lqO;fLFkr gksus dh mEehn gSA orZeku vad vkf[kjh vad gS
ftlesa iqu% iathdj.k QkWeZ izdkf'kr gSA blfy, vki lcls
fuosnu gS fd vki bl volj dk ykHk mBk;sa vkSj vius vf}rh;
izkf/kdj.k la[;k gels izkIr djsAa ge vkils ;g Hkh vkxzg djrs
gS fd ;g tkudkjh vki vius vkl&ikl ds {ks=kksa esa dk;Zjr Dycksa
rd Hkh igqapk,A Dyckas dks iqu% iathdj.k djkus dh gekjh igy
ds tokc esa gesa tks izfrfØ;k iwjs ns'k ls izkIr gqbZ mlls ge dkQh
mRlkfgr gSA iqu% iathd`r Dycksa dh lwph gekjh osclkbZV
www.vigyanprasar.gov.in is Hkh miyC/k gSA ge lHkh lfØ;
vkSj thokar Dycksa ds dk;ksZ dh ljkguk djrs gSaA foKku izlkj
vuq:Ik izfrfØ;k vkSj fuajrj dk;ZØe izLrqrh ds ek/;e ls
foiusV Dycksa dks etcwr djus ds fy, uhfr;ksa dks rS;kj dj
jgk gSA
[email protected]
All of us know that there is no Nobel Prize for Mathematics.
However there are number of equivalent prizes to recognise
talent in Mathematics. Three prestigious prizes in the field
of Mathematics are listed here.
Fields Medal
It is considered as the highest honour in Mathematics
and awarded only once in four years. The Fields medal is
awarded to a minimum of two and a maximum of four
mathematicians under 40 years of age. Its purpose is to
give recognition and support to young mathematical
researchers who have made major contributions.
The Fields Medal is officially known as International Medal
for Outstanding Discoveries in Mathematics. The medal
is awarded by International Mathematical Union (IMU)
during International Congress that takes place every four
years. The Fields medal was instituted by the Canadian
mathematician John Charles Fields and was first awarded
in 1936.
Arthur Avila
o"kZ 2015 vrajkZ"Vªh; izdk'k vkSj izdk'k vk/kkfjr izkS|ksfxfd;ksa
(IYL 2015) o"kZ ds :i esa euk;k tk,xkA ;g o"kZ 2013 esa
la;Dq r jk"Vª dh 68 egklHkk esa ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k FkkA IYL 2015
ds lanHkZ esa] gekjs lekpkj i=k eas bl o"kZ ds fy, ,d fo'ks"k
i=kHkkx gksxkA ;g i=kHkkx izdk'k vkSj izdk'k vk/kkfjr izk|S ksfxdh
ds {ks=k dk bfrgkl] vo/kkj.kkvks]a ?kVukvksa vkSj ;ksxnku ij /;ku
dsafnzr djsxkA ,d o"kZ esa eqfnzr lekpkj i=kksa ds ek/;e ls
^izdk'k* ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsuk vlaHko gS] fQj Hkh ge izeq[k
ehy dk iRFkj lkfcr gqbZ tkudkjh dks lacksf/kr djus ij /;ku
nsxsaA
Martin Hairer
Maryam
Mirzakhani
Fields Medal for the year 2014 was awarded to four
mathematicians. These four mathematicians are Brazilian
Arthur Avila; Canadian-American Manjul Bhargava, who
is of Indian origin; Austrian Martin Hairer and Iranian
Maryam Mirzakhani. [To know more you may visit
http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014]
Abel Prize
Named after Norwegian mathematician
Niels Henrik Abel (1802–1829), the award
was established in 2001 by the Government
of Norway. The prize is given every year to
one or more mathematicians. Prize money
is about one million US dollar. Abel prize Yakov G. Sinai
for the year 2014 was awarded to Yakov
G. Sinai of Princeton University, USA, and Landau Institute
for Theoretical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences.
orZeku vad esa xf.kr ds izfrf"Br iqjLdkjksa vkSj muds izkIrdrkZvks]a
xaxk vkSj mldh tSo fofo/krk vkSj fpifpikiu ls lacf/kar ys[k
'kkfey fd, x, gSA izR;sd ys[k ds lkFk xfrfof/k;ka nh xbZ gS
tks vkidksa fotsrk cuk ldrh gSA i<+rs jgs]a izn'kZu djrs jgsa vkSj
thrrs jgsaA
Clay Millennium Prizes
The Millennium Prize Problems are seven problems in
mathematics that were stated by the Clay Mathematics
Institute in 2000. As of November 2014, six of the problems
„¼vuqokn% fofiu flag jkor½
VIPNET NEWS
Manjul
Bhargava
2
DEC -2014 & JAN-2015 / Vol. 12,13 / No.12,1
International Year of Light 2015
xaxk dh tSo&fofo/krk
remain unsolved. A correct solution to any of the problems
results in a US $1,000,000 prize (sometimes called a
Millennium Prize) being awarded by the institute. The
Poincaré conjecture was solved by Russian mathematician
Grigori Perelman, but he declined the award in 2010.
vkscSnqj jgeku
[email protected]
xaxk Hkkjr dh thou js[kk gSA ;g unh 4255 ehVj dh ÅapkbZ
ij fgeky; esa fLFkr xkseq[k xqQk ls fudydj yxHkx 2700
fd-eh- dh ;k=k mÙkjkapy] mÙkj izn's k] fcgkj] >kj[k.M ,oa
if'peh caxky jkT;ksa esa r; djrh gS vkSj varr% xaxk lkxj }hi
ds ikl caxky dh [kkM+h esa tk feyrh gSA xaxk unh dks Hkkjrh;
lH;rk dk ikyd ekuk tkrk gSA Hkkjr ds yksxksa ds vkfFkZd]
lkekftd] vk/;kfRed fodkl esa xaxk dk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku
jgk gSA vkt Hkh fo'o dh 'kk;n gh fdlh unh ds izfr vke
yksxksa dh bruh vkLFkk gks ftruh xaxk dks ysdj gSA
[To know more about the millennium prize problems you
may visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_
Prize_Problems]
activity-1
Grab a CD
Relativity
xaxk le`) tSo fofo/krk okyh unh
vius 2700 fd-eh- ds ekxZ esa xaxk fgeky; ds igkM+k]as rjkb;ks]a
mÙkj izn's k] fcgkj ,oa if'pe caxky ds eSnkuh Hkkxksa ,oa MsYVk
ls gksdj xqtj+ rh gS vkSj QyLo:Ik fofHkUUk izdkj ds izkÑfrd
okl LFkkuksa dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA vyx&vyx rjg ds okl
LFkkuksa esa vyx&vyx rjg ds tho&tarq ik, tkrs gaSA ;gk¡
rd fd ,d gh rjg ds thoksa esa Hkh dkQh vkuqokaf'kd fofHkUurk
ns[kus dks feyrh gSA bl izdkj tSo fofo/krk ds [;ky ls Hkh
xaxk vfr egRoiw.kZ ufn;ksa esa ls ,d gSA bldh lSdM+ks NksVh&cM+h
lgk;d ufn;k¡ bldh tSo fofo/krk dks vkSj Hkh le`) cukrh
gSAa lkFk gh dbZ thoksa dh iztkfr;k¡ LFkkfud gaSA
Hkkjr esa nl tSo HkkSxksfyd eaMy gS] ftlesa xkax;
s
eSnku ,d gSA xaxk unh lalkj dh vfr mRiknd ufn;ksa esa ls
,d gS ftlesa fofHkUu izdkj ds tho&tarq ik, tkrs gSA bu
tho&tarqvksa esa vkfFkZd n`f"V ls lcls egRoiw.kZ eNfy;k¡ gaS]
ftu ij yk[kksa eNqvkjks dh thfodk fuHkZj gSA 'kk;n ;gh
dkj.k gS fd ge yksxksa esa ls vf/kdka'k yksx xaxk dh tSo
fofo/krk ds :Ik esa eq[;r% eNfy;ksa dks gh tkurs gSA
loZizFke&1822 bZ- esa vaxzt
s oSKkfud gSfeYVu cqdkuu us xaxk
dh eNfy;ksa ds ckjs esa ,d nLrkost rS;kj fd;k vkSj mls ,d
iqLrd ds :Ik esa izdkf’kr fd;kA 'kk;n xaxk dh tSo
fofo/krk ds ckjs esa ;g igyk nLrkosTk+ gSA bl nLrkosTk+ esa
gSfeYVu us xaxk ,oa mldh lgk;d ufn;ksa esa 268 iztkfr dh
eNfy;ksa dk lfp= o.kZu fd;k gSA bl nLrkosTk+ ds ckn 19oha
'krkCnh vkSj 20oha 'krkCnh ds iwok)Z esa vusdksa ys[k] 'kks/ki=
rFkk iqLrdsa izdkf'kr dh xbaZA 20oha lnh ds mÙkjkZ) esa
eNfy;ksa ds vykok vU; tho&tarqvksa ds ckjs esa Hkh v/;;u
fd;k x;k vkSj izy[s k rS;kj fd;k x;kA vkt Hkh eNfy;ksa ij
vf/kd ls vf/kd /;ku fn;k tk jgk gS ijarq gky ds dqN
n'kdksa esa eRL; oSKkfudksa dk /;ku vU; thoksa ij Hkh x;k gSA
You have to connect ‘Toaster’, ‘Fridge’ and ‘Microwave
oven’ to their corresponding sockets such that cables
do not cross each other. This may not be difficult in a
real kitchen where cable will actually be laid through
the walls. But in a scenario like the above, where you
are allowed to lay cables only through the floor, the
solution needs some thinking. So – rattle your mind
and share the solution with us and your friends. [Answer
in next issue] [Source: Professor Stewart’s Cabinet of
Mathematical Curiosities, Author: Ian Stewart Publisher:
Profile Books Limited ]
Complete the activity and send the result at vipnet@vigyan
prasar.gov.in with subject title 'Activity-1' (Month) OR send the
answer in an envelope entitled VIPNET 'Activity-1' (Month) to
Vigyan Prasar,A-50, Institutional Area, Sector-62, Noida-201
309 (U.P.).
Answer: Activity - 1 (Aug-Sep, 2014)
Winner :
1. Girish R. Khot (Karnataka)
2. Sunil Kumar Thakur (Bihar
For shortest route,
APB = 120°
From triangle AMP
AM
AP
= sin 60°
AM
AP = sin 60 =
0
And
AM
AM
=
MP
MP = tan 60 =
0
50
3
50
0.866
=57.73 km
tan 60°
= 28.86 km = QN
Now, AP = BP = QC = QD = 57.73 km
And, MP + PQ + QN = 100 km
Therefore, PQ = 100 – ( MP + QN)
= 100 – ( 28.86 + 28.86)
= 42.26 km
Length of the road = AP + BP + QC + QD + PQ
= 4*57.73 + 42.26 = 273.18 km
VIPNET NEWS
3
DEC -2014 & JAN-2015 / Vol. 12,13 / No.12,1
International Year of Light 2015
bu thoksa esa eq[; :Ik ls lw{e vkSj vU; vd'ks:dh izk.kh gSa tks
eNfy;ksa ds vkgkj gSa rFkk ;s lHkh feydj xaxk esa vkgkj
J`¡[kyk dk fuekZ.k djrs gSA buesa ls eq[;r % 'kSoky] ouLifr
Iyod] izk.kh Iyod rFkk fury tho lewg gksrs gaSA
1970 ds n'kd ds ckn oU; izkf.k;ksa dh vksj Hkh
ljdkj] lekt ,oa oSKkfudkas dk /;ku x;kA rc ls ufn;ksa esa
jgus okys ou izk.kh] [kkldj dNqvks]a ?kfM;ky ,oa exjePN
rFkk fpfM+;ksa ij Hkh /;ku fn;k tkus yxk D;ksfa d bu thoksa dh
vkcknh esa dkQh rsTk+ h ls gzkl gks jgk FkkA dqN le; ls xaxk
unh eas vusd tho ns[kus dks ugha feyrs gSAa eqyk;e dop okys
dNqvksa dh Hkh ;gh n'kk gSA ;s dNq, xaxk esa Qasds tkus okys
i'kqvksa dh yk'kksa dks [kkdj xaxk dks lkQ j[kus esa dkQh enn
djrs FksA ijUrq euq"; dh yksyiq rk us bu dqNvksa dks gh pV dj
yxHkx lekIr dj fn;kA nq%[k rks bl ckr dk gS fd gekjs
lekt esa izcq) ,oa lcls mPp Lrj ij cSBs yksx ,oa tu
izfrfuf/k;ksa us Hkh bu dNqvkas dks ugh c['kkA QyLo:Ik]
eqyk;e vkoj.k okys ;s dNq, vc xaxk esa fcjys gh ns[kus dks
feyrs gSAa xaxk dh Lor% 'kqf)dj.k dh 'kfDr ?kV jgh gS] tcfd
vk;s fnu xaxk nwf"kr gks jgh gSA
gSAa bu oU; izkf.k;ksa dk vfLrRo Hkh unh ls yxHkx lekIr gks
pqdk gSA
fiNys n’kd ds nkSjku oSKkfudksa ds v/;;u ls Kkr
gksrk gS fd xaxk esa 2000 ls vf/kd rjg ds tho&tarqvkas dh
iztkfr;ka ikbZ tkrh gaS ftlesa 375 tkfr dh eNfy;k¡ gSAa izk;%
gj o"kZ dqN u dqN ubZ iztkfr;ksa dh [kkst Hkh oSKkfudksa ds
}kjk dh tk jgh gS ijUrq ty esa jgus okyh dbZ iztkfr;k¡ rsth
ls foyqIr gks jgh gSAa
xaxk ds thoksa dks cpkus ds fy, ltxrk vko';d
bu fofo/k tho&tarv
q ksa ds gzkl ;k foyqIr gksus ds ize[q k dkj.k
gSa okl&LFkku dk fouk’k] dqN iztkfr;ksa dk vfr'kks"k.k] izn"w k.k]
fn;kjk {ks= esa vf/kd ls vf/kd [ksrh] ufn;ksa ij ck¡/k] unhty
dk vf/kd nksgu ,oa 'kks"k.k] o`{kks dh dVkbZ] unh ry ij xkn
vkfnA bl izdkj eNfy;ks]a dNq,] ?kfM;ky] exjePN] lksl
a
rFkk vU; izkf.k;ksa dk vfr'kks"k.k ekuo }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA
QyLo:Ik xaxk dh tSo&fofo/krk cM+h rsTk+ h ls lekIr gksrh tk
jgh gSA
ljdkj ds }kjk xaxk dks izn"w k.keqDr djus ds fy, dqN
dkjxj dne mBk, x, gS ijUrq ;g Hkh rHkh laHko gS tc blesa
vke turk dh lgHkkfxrk gks vkSj mldk lg;ksx ljdkj ls
izkIr gksA okl&LFkku fouk'k ds vU; dkjdksa dks Hkh de djus
esa vke turk eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrh gS vkSj blds fy,
vfrvko';d gS vke yksxksa ds chp bu leL;kvksa ds izfr
tkx`fr iSnk djukA Ik;kZoj.k f'k{kk bl dk;Z esa dkQh egRoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk fuHkk,xhA [kkl iztkfr ds thoksa ds 'kks"k.k dks Hkh de
djus esa Ik;kZoj.k f'k{kk dk ;ksxnku gksxkA flQZ ljdkjh ra=
;k dqN fxuh&pquh vkSj ljdkjh laLFkk,a bl dk;Z dks iwjk ugha
dj ldrh gSAa vr% ge lc dk drZO; gS fd xaxk dh
tSo&fofo/krk dh j{kk esa viuk gkFk cVk,¡ ,oa vius&vius Lrj
ij tks dj ldrs gS]a djaAs
*****
xaxk dk lksl
a [krjs esa
xaxk unh esa ,d vkSj vfr egRoiw.kZ LFkkfud ,oa fojy tkuoj
ik;k tkrk gS] ftls lk/kkj.k cksypky dh Hkk"kk esa lksl
a dgk
tkrk gSA ;g ikuh esa ik;k tkus okyk MkWfYQu gSA ;g ,d
Lru/kkjh izk.kh gS ijUrq tkudkjh ds vHkko esa vf/kdka'k yksx
lksl
a dks eNyh le> ysrs gaSA ;gka tkuus ;ksX; ckr ;g gS fd
fo'o esa MkfYQu] Ogsy ,o iksjiksvkbt dh yxHkx 80 iztkfr;ka
gaS ftlesa flQZ pkj gh iztkfr;ka ehBs ty esa ikbZ tkrh gSa vkSj
mlesa ,d gS&xaxk dk lksl
a A Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa bldk ftØ
yxHkx 2300 o"kZ iwoZ lezkV v'kksd ds t+ekus ls feyrk gSA
ckcjukek esa Hkh lksl
a dks ,d y?kq jax fp= ds ek/;e ls n’kkZ;k
x;k gS ijUrq oSKkfud txr esa bl izk.kh dh [kkst 1801 bZ- esa
fofy;e jkSDloxZ us dksydÙkk dh gwxyh unh ls dh FkhA ckn
esa tkWu ,aMjlu us 1879 esa lksl
a ds ckjs esa ,d foLr`r v/;;u
izfrosn izdkf'kr fd;kA lksl
a xaxk ,oa bldh lgk;d ufn;ksa
es]a fgeky; dh rjkbZ ls xaxk lkxj rFkk lqUnj&ou MsYVk rd
ik;h tkrh gSA ijUrq gky ds o"kkaZs esa bldh la[;k esa rsth ls
gzkl gqvk gS vkSj orZeku esa lEiw.kZ foLrkj {ks= esa bldh la[;k
fleVdj yxHkx 2500 jg xbZ gSA bl Lru/kkjh izk.kh dh eknk
,d ckj esa ,d gh cPps dks tUe nsrh gSA f’k’kq dks yxHkx
9&10 eghus xHkZ esa j[krh gS rFkk cPPks dks 4&6 eghus rd
Lruiku djkrh gSA
lksl
a ds vykok xaxk esa ik, tkus okys vU; Lru/kkjh
izkf.k;ksa esa mnfcyko] eNyh idM+us okyh fcYyh bR;kfn ize[q k
VIPNET NEWS
activity-2
12345-
Grab a CD
Transit of Venus
Hkkjr ds ekufp= ij xaxk unh dks fpfUgr djsaA
xaxk unh dh tSo fofo/krk dh lwph cuk,aA
xaxk unh ds nqyHkZ tho&tarqvksa ds uke fy[ksaA
lksal tarq ds izeq[k y{k.k crk,aA
xaxk unh ds thoksa dh j{kk ds fy, D;k dne] mBk;s tk
ldrs gS] lq>ko nsaA
Complete the activity and send the result at vipnet@vigyan
prasar.gov.in with subject title 'Activity-2' (Month) OR Send the
answer in an envelope entitled VIPNET 'Activity-2' (Month) to
Vigyan Prasar,A-50, Institutional Area, Sector-62, Noida-201
309 (U.P.).
4
DEC -2014 & JAN-2015 / Vol. 12,13 / No.12,1
International Year of Light 2015
Imagine different layers of liquid in contact with each
other are moving past each other. There is a force of
friction between the liquid layers. This decreases the
speed of flow of the liquid. The liquids which have
strong intermolecular forces have high internal
resistance and flow slowly.
EXPLORING SCIENCE :
VISCOSITY
Puneeta Malhotra
[email protected]
The pain relief gel
and ointment we use
is highly viscous.
These ointments are
intentionally made
thick so as to prevent
them from flowing
from the intended
area of use. What will happen if the pain relief
ointment is as free flowing as your cough syrup?
The internal resistance to flow of a liquid is called
VISCOSITY.
Viscosity decreases with increase in temperature. On
increasing temperature, the molecules start moving
faster. The increased kinetic energy overcomes the
intermolecular forces of attraction making the flow of
liquid faster.
When we pour liquids they splash. Why the splashes
are different for different liquids?
Liquids with higher viscosities
make smaller splashes when
poured with the same velocity as
liquids with lower viscosity..
Higher viscosity is due to strong
intermolecular force of attraction.
It means the molecules of the
liquid are held together tightly, so
they splash less.
Why is your mother so worried
about the right consistency of
the batter for making uttapum
or dosa or chila or even the
tasty pakoras? The right
thickness of the batter ensures
proper spreading of the batter
on the hot plate (tava) leading to tasty preparation.
Why do window panes of the old buildings appear
thicker at the bottom than at the top?
Why do glass panes of old buildings appear milky?
Did you know that glass is a highly viscous liquid! It
is a super cooled liquid and flows at a very slow rate
so after a number of years we observe milkiness in
glass panes.
a. Original installation
If we place our hands or feet
in ice for long time, the
fingers and toes become
numb. This is because Blood
viscosity is temperature
dependent. When blood gets
cold, it gets “thicker” and
flows at a slower rate in
comparison to normal flow of
blood. Normally, blood temperature does not change
much in the body. However, if a person’s hand is
exposed to a cold environment and the fingers
become cold, the blood temperature in the fingers
will fall and viscosity increase, which will decrease
blood flow in the cooled region.
b. After 100 years
Liquids like honey, glycerine flow slowly while water,
alcohol flow rapidly. Liquids do not flow at the same
speed. There is a friction or internal resistance which
affects the flow of a liquid.
Background
Viscosity refers to resistance to flow. Some liquids
appear thin while others appear thick. This thickness
affects their flow. In this project you’ll arrange liquids
according to their viscosity.
VIPNET NEWS
5
DEC -2014 & JAN-2015 / Vol. 12,13 / No.12,1
International Year of Light 2015
activity-3
Grab a CD
Quantum Era
Aim : - The goal of this project is to investigate how fast a ball moves through a particular liquid. This will help us know the
resistance offered by different liquids.
Materials and Equipment required
• Water
• Motor oil
• Honey
• Liquid detergent
• Long glass / measuring cylinder
• Modelling Clay ball
• Stop watch
• Vegetable Oil
Experimental Procedure
1. Fill the container with water.
2. Allow the clay ball to fall through the liquid and touch the base of the glass.
3. Note the time taken for the ball to travel through liquid.
4. Repeat step 1,2 and 3 for all other liquids.
5. You can add more liquids or change the liquids in the list according to availability.
6. Use ball bearing instead of clay ball and note the time in each case.
7. Does the order of viscosity change if you use a ball bearing?
Observation Table:
Conclusion and Explanation:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Answer the following questions:
How do viscosity measurements in the food industry help to maximize production
efficiency and cost effectiveness?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Does the viscosity of lubricant have any effect on proper functioning of your vehicle?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Viscosity enhancers are used in ophthalmic solutions to increase their viscosity.
Which substances can be used as viscosity enhancers? Why do we need to
enhance viscosity of these solutions?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Complete the activity and send the result at [email protected] with subject title Activity-3' (Month)
OR send the answer in an envelop entitled VIPNET 'Activity-3' (Month) to Vigyan Prasar, A-50, Institutional
Area, Sector-62, Noida-201 309 (U.P.).
Published and Printed by Mrs. K. Dasgupta Misra on behalf of
Editor
: Dr. Arvind C Ranade
Vigyan Prasar, C-24, Qutab Institutional Area, New Delhi-110 016
Associate Editor
: Vipin Singh Rawat
Printed at Gopsons Papers Limited, A-2 & 3, Sector-64, Noida.
Layout & design
: Babita
VIPNET NEWS
6
DEC -2014 & JAN-2015 / Vol. 12,13 / No.12,1
International Year of Light 2015
EN
TT
A
N
TIO
VIPNET
(Vigyan Prasar Network of Science Clubs)
Re-registration Form
AT
TE
NT
IO
N
Vigyan Prasar is in the process of re-registering existing science clubs. Therefore you
are requested to fill up the prescribed form . A fresh affiliation certificate with a new
Unique Authorization Number will be issued to your club with effect from December
2014. Please note: This new certificate will prevail once you receive it and the earlier
one will be null and void .
1- Existing VIPNET Unique Authorization Number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2- Year of Registration: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3- Name of the Club: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4- Name of the Coordinator: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5- Name of the Institution/School/Organization/Others the club is located in: . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................................................................
6- Designation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7- Type of Club (Put check 9mark):
(a)
In-School
(b) Out-of-School
8- Address for Correspondence (Block Letters):
............................................................................
............................................................................
District- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pin code- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9- Contact No.:
Mobile- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Landline- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-E-mail: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11- Fax: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(It has been observed that coordinators of VIPNET club working under the authority of a
school or similar administration need the approval/permission from authorities to attend
training /workshop and other events organised by us. To minimize the hassle, you are
requested to submit the following details, so that request can be made to concerned
authority for allowing the coordinator to attend the programme.)
12-Does your club work under any authority? YES/NO
13-Authority to be Approached (complete address): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................................................................
............................................................................
E-mail:………………………………………….... Phone No.:………….....................
Date : .....................
Signature : .......................................
Place : .....................
*******
Fill it ...... Place it in the envelope given and post - No postage required.
VIPNET NEWS
7
DEC -2014 & JAN-2015 / Vol. 12,13 / No.12,1
International Year of Light 2015
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VIPNET NEWS
8
DEC -2014 & JAN-2015 / Vol. 12,13 / No.12,1