Double V Campaign

Double V Campaign
• V is for Victory over fascism in Europe
• V is for Victory over racism at home
• Civil Rights philosophy of the troops in
WWII
Cold War Intro.Vocab
See Page 436 or dictionary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Satellite nations
Iron curtain
Cold War
Containment
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Berlin Airlift
NATO
9. Collective security
10. Warsaw Pact
11. HUAC
12. McCarthyism
13. Blacklist
14. Conformity—doing
what others do
15. Inflation—high
prices
Cold War: Issues and Images
Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy,
Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter,
Reagan, Bush
1945-1991
U.S. Attitudes After the World
Wars
WWI—1917-1918
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Back to isolationism
Roaring 20s
Recognized USSR
Women gained the vote and
other rights
WWII—1941-1945
• League of Nations—rejected
by U.S.
Focus on foreign affairs
Conservative 50s
Cold War against USSR
Women left the work place
and went home for a baby
boom
• United Nations—led by U.S.
• Great Depression—30s
• Prosperity with inflation
• Reluctant for treaties—no
allies
• Avoided military conflict
until Pearl Harbor
• Eager for treaties—alliance
with Western Europe (NATO)
• On constant military alert—
Korean War, Vietnam War
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Film: The Cold War
Write a fact for each topic
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Containment
Berlin Crisis
NATO and Warsaw Pact
Nuclear Arms Race
Berlin Wall
Fidel Castro and Cuba
Domino Theory
Détente
From Détente to Evil Empire
Film: Post-War U.S.A.—write
one fact for each topic
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Post War Boom
Fair Deal for Americans
Crabgrass Frontier
Cold War
Cold War at Home
McCarthyism: the Second Red Scare
Civil Rights Movement
The Wild Ones
Post-war Legacy
Common experience of Cold War Presidents
U.S. Elections
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1948: Truman (DEM) defeated Dewey
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1952: Eisenhower (“Ike”—REPUB) defeated Stevenson
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1956: Eisenhower won re-election (over Stevenson)
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1960: Senator John Kennedy (DEM) defeated Vice-President Richard Nixon
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1964: Vice-President Johnson (DEM) defeated Goldwater
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1968: Vice-President Nixon (REPUB) defeated Vice-President Humphrey
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1972: President Nixon won re-election (over McGovern)
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1974: Vice-President Ford assumed presidency after Nixon’s resignation
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1976: Governor Carter (DEM) defeated Ford
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1980: Governor Reagan (REPUB) defeated President Carter
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1984: President Reagan re-elected over VP Mondale
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1988: Vice-President Bush (REPUB) defeated Governor Dukakis
What do we do about Germany?
Berlin (located in East Germany)
The United Nations
• http://www.un.org/en/
• Located in NYC—
midtown Manhattan
• Current Secretary
General is Ban Ki-Moon
of South Korea
• Peace-keeping
organization
Parts of the UN
• General Assembly:
5 delegates from each
nation—one vote per nation
1. Secretary General
2. Trusteeship Council
3. Economic and Social
Council
4. International Court of
Justice (15 justices)—
meets in The Hague,
Netherlands
5. Security Council—5
permanent members (US,
UK,France,China,Russia)
and 10 rotating members
• Evaluate efforts by global organizations
to undermine U.S. sovereignty through
the use of treaties
• Consider the Iraq War in 2003
Truman and Post War Tensions—
Can he handle Stalin?
Competition of words,
weapons, and influence
U.S.A.
USSR
• Capitalism
• Democracy
• Influence in Western
Europe
• Atomic weapons—1945
• NATO (military
alliance)
• Pro-Democratic
influences over rest of
world
• CIA
• Communism
• Dictatorship
• Influence in Eastern
Europe
• Atomic Weapons—1949
• Warsaw Pact (military
alliance)
• Pro-Communist
influences over rest of
the world
• KGB
Other Ideological Differences
U.S.A.
USSR
• “freedom of religion”—
first amendment
• Separation of church
and state
• First amendment
• “In God we trust” on
currency
• “Under God” added to
the pledge in 1950s
• “Religion is the opium of
the masses.” –Karl Marx
• All religious practices were
officially illegal
• Exception: could not be
enforced in Poland
• Elevation of Karol Wojtyla
was very embarrassing
(Pope John Paul II who
survived an assassination
attempt and plot)
The Iron Curtain
Soviet Blockade led to the
Berlin Airlift
The Marshall Plan--aid to Europe
Containment—keep communism
from spreading
NATO
Map Activity
• Russia is considered landlocked because
their access to warm water is limited
• Their ports ice over for most of the year
• This makes them more aggressive in the
area near the Black Sea or Caspian Sea
• Eastern European satellite nations become
Russian’s “buffer” from invasion from the
West
Film: 1946-1952, The Best Years
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VdXTw4q6y8
GOOD—Security
BAD--Fear
List 10 examples
List 10 examples
1. G.I. Bill
2. …
1. Unemployment
2. …
The Rosenbergs
Nixon exposes Alger Hiss,
a state department employee,
as a communist spy
FYI
• Alger Hiss actually was in the group
that accompanied FDR to Yalta!
McCarthyism—Red Scare
HUAC: ‘‘Are you a member of the
Communist Party?’’
‘‘When a great democracy
is destroyed, it will not be
because of enemies from
without, but rather
because of enemies from
within.’’
Senator Joseph McCarthy,1950
“Have you no sense of decency, sir?”
Response to McCarthy by a U.S. Army
officer accused of communist sympathies
Edward R. Murrow
• WWII European war
correspondent
• Anchor on the CBS
Evening News (radio
and later TV)
• Publicly challenged
McCarthy and was
accused of communist
sympathies
• Helped end the
“Witch Hunt”
investigations
The Venona Papers
• Confirmed existence
of some spies
working in the
federal government
• Papers made public
in 1995 under
Freedom of
Information Act
Early Cold Warriors
• Dean Acheson—Truman’s secretary of state (NATO)
• George Marshall—Truman’s secretary of state and later
secretary of defense
• George Kennan—U.S. diplomat in USSR (father of
‘‘containment’’)
• Allen Dulles—Ike’s head of CIA
• John Foster Dulles—Ike’s secretary of state
• Richard Nixon—Senator who exposed Alger Hiss
(communist spy) and Ike’s vice-president
China became Communist in
1949—Red China
U.S. Recognized Taiwan as
the True Democratic China
Chinese Communist Revolution
Mainland China (Communist)
Leader: Mao Zedong
Taiwan (Democratic)
Leader: Chiang Kai-Shek
The Korean War (1950-53)
• UN Police Action
• North Korea vs.
South Korea
• Pyongyang vs.
Seoul
MacArthur Removed for
Insubordination
Truman Doctrine
Eisenhower Doctrine
Cold War Strategies
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Collective security
Brinksmanship
Massive retaliation
Mutual Assured Destruction
(MAD)
Flexible Response
Military Industrial
Complex
Deterrent
CIA
NORAD
Intercontinental
Ballistic Missiles
Space race
Detente
“Every gun that is made, every
warship launched, every rocket
fired, signifies in the final sense a
theft from those who hunger and
are not fed…”
President Dwight David Eisenhower
‘‘ In the councils of government, we
must guard against the acquisition
of unwarranted influence, whether
sought or unsought, by the
military industrial complex. The
potential for the disastrous rise of
misplaced power exists and will
persist.’’
President Eisenhower’s Farewell Address, 1961
‘‘Duck and Cover!’’
• http://www.you
tube.com/watc
h?v=C0K_LZD
Xp0I
End of Part 1—Review Terms
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Cold War
Yalta
Satellite
Containment
Iron Curtain
Marshall Plan
Truman Doctrine
West Germany/East Germany
West Berlin/East Berlin
Berlin Airlift
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
Warsaw Pact
Atomic Bombs
Eisenhower
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United Nations
Security Council
Chiang Kai-Shek vs. Mao
Zedong in China
Taiwan
Red Scare and HUAC
Senator McCarthy
Conformity
Nixon and Alger Hiss
Rosenbergs
Korean War (police action)
North Korea vs. South Korea
Pyongyang vs. Seoul
General MacArthur
Communism
Sputnik—1957—Space Race
Sputnik: Cause and Effect
“This is our
Sputnik
moment.”
• “a technological Pearl
Harbor”
• U.S. beginning a
“space race”
• U.S. beginning NASA
• U.S. increasing
requirements for
math and science in
schools
‘‘Satellite’’
Eastern Europe
A nation dominated
politically and
economically by another
nation
Sputnik
An object launched to
orbit Earth
U2 Incident--1960
Domino Theory--countries
will fall to communism
(President Eisenhower)
JFK— ‘‘Ich bin ein Berliner’’
JFK--Berlin Wall--1961
Cuba became Communist in 1959—
Castro was supported
by The USSR
• The Bay of Pigs
Invasion was
unsuccessful
• The U.S. promised
not to invade Cuba
Cuban Missile Crisis
NASA
Cold War and The Arts
Van Cliburn
Bobby Fischer
Vietnam
Many Americans did not support
fighting communism in Vietnam
President Johnson did not run for re-election in
1968—President Nixon began withdrawing
troops in 1971-73.
War Powers Act
Nixon and Mao in China
Detente
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
Nixon and Ford--SALT I
Carter—SALT II
Reagan and Gorbachev—START
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
Bush and the Fall of the Wall
Soviet Leaders
• Lenin—1917-24
• Stalin—1924-53
• Malenkov—1953-55
• Khruschev—1955-64
• Brezhnev—1964-82
• Andropov—1982-84
• Chernenko—1984-85
• Gorbachev—1984-91
Yeltsin became president of Russia upon the
break up of the USSR (1991-2000)
Current leader of Russia is Vladimir Putin
Fall of Communism in
Eastern Europe
Cold War Favorites
Books
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Alas Babylon
The Right Stuff
Joy Luck Club
Pontiff
Biography of Ethel
Rosenberg
Movies
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War Games
James Bond films
13 Days
Good Night and Good Luck
Blast from the Past
Top Gun
Rocky Movies
Miracle
*Monster films
* Sci-fi films
* “Film Noir”
End of Part 2—Review Terms
Domino theory
Berlin Wall
Sputnik
Space race
NASA
President Kennedy vs.
Khruschev
• Cuba and Castro
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• The Vietnam War
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President Johnson
President Nixon
Nixon’s visit to China
Détente
Nuclear weapons/arms
race/arms limitations
• President Reagan
• President G.H.W.Bush
• Gorbachev
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