When you see the Copy the notes!

When you see the
Copy the notes!
The Chemistry of Life
Biomolecules
You have probably learned about levels of organization
within living things in the past…
- Organism
- Organ Systems
- Organs
- Tissues
- Cells
But we are going smaller!
Just what size of things are we talking about here?
All living organisms require the same basic molecules to
survive and function.
These molecules give us energy, form the structures that
make us, and determine our characteristics.
There are four types of biomolecules in living organisms.
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
Amoeba Sisters - Biological Molecules
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates – sugars
 Monosaccharaides (simple sugars)
i.e. C6H12O6 - glucose
 Disaccharaides (double ring sugars)
i.e. sucrose – table sugar
 Polysaccharides (complex sugars) starch,
cellulose, and glycogen
Carbohydrate Functions
 Quick energy foods.
 How stored:
Plants starch
Animals  glycogen
Lipids
Lipid Functions
1. Important in cell membrane
2. High energy food
3. Protects vital organs
4. Insulates the body
5. Stores food (energy)for later use
6. Made of C, H, O
Structure of Lipids
Structure of Lipids
Proteins
Protein Function
 Most Abundant: 50% of Dry Wt
 Build Internal Structures
 Movement: Makes up muscle tissue
 Transport: Carries oxygen in an organism
 Immunity: Helps fight off foreign invaders
 Enzymes: Speed up chemical reactions
Protein (Structure)
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
 Two types of nucleic acids
 DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
 RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
Contain genetic
code/information that
determines our characteristics
 Short term energy source
 Used within 24 hrs.
Basic Structure
Function
Carbohydrate
Building Blocks
 C, H, O
 Monomer – Monosaccharide /
Sugar (ring)
 Polymer – Polysaccharide chain
Examples
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Breads
Cereals
Fruit
Starch
Pasta
Phospholipid
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Triglyceride
Basic Structure
Forms structure of cell membrane
High energy food
Long term energy storage
Insulates body
Function
Lipids
Building Blocks
 C, H, O
Monomer
 Glycerol (hydrophilic head)
 Fatty Acids (hydrophobic tails)
Examples
 Fat
 Oils
 Butter
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Basic Structure
Forms structure of cells
Fights infection
Speed up reactions (enzymes)
Hormones
Function
Proteins
Building Blocks
 C, H, O, N
 Monomer – Amino Acids
(beads)
 Polymer – Polypeptide
(tangled chain)
Examples
Foods
 Meat
 Beans
 Eggs
Internal
 Hair
 Skin
 Muscle
 Enzymes
 Immune System
 Stores genetic code
 Pass genetic information to offspring
 Directions to produce proteins
Basic Structure
Nucleic Acids
Building Blocks
 C, H, O, N, P
 Monomer – Nucleotide
 Polymer – Double Helix
(DNA) / Single strand
(RNA)
Function
Examples
 DNA – Genetic coding
 RNA – Protein coding
Crash Course - Biological Molecules