Document 1800755

HSE
Health & Safety
Executive
Rate of ammonia production in the electrolysis
of silver nitrate solutions
Prepared by the University of Liverpool
for the Health and Safety Executive 2004
RESEARCH REPORT 189
HSE
Health & Safety
Executive
Rate of ammonia production in the electrolysis
of silver nitrate solutions
Dr J Satherley BSc, PhD, NZIC, MRSC, CChem
Mr A Kuzume MSc
Prof DJ Schiffrin BSc, PhD, FRSC, CChem
Dr R Nichols BSc(Hons), PhD, MRSC, CChem
Department of Chemistry
University of Liverpool
Liverpool
Merseyside
L69 7ZD
United Kingdom
This report describes the work carried out on a project to investigate the reduction of nitrate on metal
and inert electrodes during the electrolytic recovery of silver. The principal aim was to determine the
amount of ammonia produced during electrolysis. Three experimental tasks were completed in the
study. The first was the use of rotating disk electrodes in order to determine the potential at which
nitrate is reduced. In this task glassy carbon, silver, platinum, gold and stainless steel electrodes were
investigated. The second task was to investigate the exhaustive reduction of nitrate in order to
determine the number of electrons used in the reduction of nitrate. Both this task and the previous one
confirmed that n=8, consistent with nitrate being reduced to ammonia. The ammonia concentration in
solution was measured and showed a yeild of greater than 40% conversion of nitrate to ammonia.
Glassy carbon electrodes, coated in situ, freshly deposited silver, were used for these exhaustive
electrolysis experiments. The third task was to carry out batch electrolysis in order to determine the
rate at which ammonia is produced and the pH change. Glassy carbon electrodes were used for this
task. It was found that ammonia is formed under both acid and alkaline conditions with a high yield and
the pH fluctuates and changes very rapidly from acid to alkaline conditions at critical points in the
electrolysis.
This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its
contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the authors alone and do
not necessarily reflect HSE policy.
HSE BOOKS
© Crown copyright 2004
First published 2004
ISBN 0 7176 2798 5
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in
any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior
written permission of the copyright owner.
Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to: Licensing Division, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ or by e-mail to [email protected]
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ammonia analysis.The samples are numbered 1to 19and were taken at intervals during the experiment.Below each sample number is
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has decreased in intensity but sample10has been diluted by a factor of 5times more than sample 9.Taking into account the dilutions it
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Printed and published by the Health and Safety Executive
C30 1/98
Printed and published by the Health and Safety Executive
C1.10
01/04
ISBN 0-7176-2798-5
RR 189
£10.00
9 78071 7 627981