Salvatore Siano Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara” Consiglio

Cultural heritage and tourism for the european
future: italian approach and expertises
Salvatore Siano
Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Firenze
MAIN APPLICATIONS IN THE FIELD OF CH
M1
Active medium
M2
Laser parameters
Excitation
Material
parameters
Low p
power laser systems
y
Reversible processes
- Holography
g p y
- Raman spectroscopy
- LIF (Laser-Induced
Fluorescence)
- Laser Doppler Vibrometry
- 3D laser scan
High peak power
laser systems
Irreversible processes
- Laser induced plasma
spectroscopy
- Laser ablation/cleaning
g
- Laser welding
3D by R. Scopigno
ISTI-CNR
Catacombs of Domitilla, Roma
Pontificia
Commissione di
Archeologia Sacra
Responsible Barbara Mazzei
SRE: Gigliola Patrizi
Cappella della Madonna dei Faráuli,
St
Sternatia
ti (LE)
Responsabile: Brizia Minerva,
Alta Sorveglianza Sprintendenza BSAE
d ll P
della
Puglia.
li
SRE: J. Guarini, G. Martignano, G.
Patrizi
Quasi-sonic
Quasi
sonic
vapor cloud
Shock wave
Recoil
Slow vaporisation
Slow vaporisation
Compression
Stretching
Primary spallation
Secondary spallation
PHO
OTOMEC
CHANIC
CAL
PH
HOTOME
ECHANICAL
SHORT PULSES
LONG PULSES
PHOT
TOTHER
RMAL
PHOT
TOTHER
RMAL
ABLATION PROCESSES
DISCRIMINATION/SELECTIVITY
WHITISH STONE
Substrate heating dominated
by optical penetration
INTERMEDIATE
SITUATIONS
Paintings, pigmented stones, …
METAL
Substrate heating dominated
by thermal conduction
Mezzo semi-infinito
Film metallico micrometrico
Film nanometrico su substrato isolante
RTD APPROACH
Prototyping
Laboratory
investigations
Methodology
developments
Technological
transfer
Production
of novel laser
systems
Systematic approach
to the conservation
problems
bl
Solution of
knowledge &
conservation
problems
Methodology
transfers
Formation
RTD PROJECTS
1993-94 - Progetto IEQ-CNR “Pulitura laser di dipinti” (curiosity driven)
1995-96 - Progetto strategico del CNR “Beni Culturali”
1996-98 - Progetti Regione Toscana “Apparecchiatura laser per il
restauro”,, “Metodologie
restauro
Metodologie di restauro laser
laser”
1997-02 - Progetto Finalizzato “Beni Culturali”, CNR
2000-01 - Progetto RIS+ Tuscany (EU, Regione Toscana)
2002-03 - Progetto Regione Toscana “Optocantieri”
2004
Culture 2000 “Advanced On-site Restoration”
2000-06 - Key Action COST G7: “Lasers
Lasers in Art Conservation”
Conservation
2006
- Culture 2000 “Saving Sacred Relics of European
Medieval Cultural Heritage”
2007-09 - STREP (FP 6) AUTHENTICO
2007-11 - Progetto STArT (Regione Toscana, MIUR)
2010-12 - Progetto TEMART (POR-CReO/FESR Regione Toscana)
2009 13 - CHARISMA , (FP7
2009-13
(FP7, C
Capacities)
iti )
OPTIMISED PULSE DURATION LASERS
Technological transfer
Vario, 70 ns
Smart Clean I (20 µs)
Smart Clean II (40-120 µs)
Vario, 120 ns
(El.En. SpA, Calenzano
STONE AND METAL SCULPTURES:
EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS
2000 - Porta del Paradiso by Lorenzo Ghiberti
OPD : S. Agnoletti, A. Brini, and SRE: L. Nicolai
2001 - Santi
S ti Quattro
Q tt Coronati
C
ti by
b Nanni
N
i di Banco
B
SRE: Meridiana Restauri
2001 - Fonte Gaia by Iacopo della Quercia
SRE: S. Landi, ..
2003 - Assunta by Nanni di Banco
Opera and SE: Meridiana Restauri
2003 - Verrocchio’s David
SRE L.
SRE:
L Ni
Nicolai
l i
2005 - Donatello’s Amore Attis
Soprintendenza per i Beni
OPD and SE: S. Gennai
Archeologicii della Toscana
2006 - Architrave of San Ranieri
SREs: CBC, Restauroitalia
Restauroitalia,, Mida
2008 - Donatello’s David
SE: L. Nicolai
2009 - Arringatore
A i
t
SREs: E. Pucci, D. Scapati
2012 - La Speranza by O Fantacchiotti
SRE: A. Casciani
...........................
ARCHITRAVE DI SAN RANIERI, PISA
(SRE: CBC srl,
srl Restorer
Restorer:: S.
S Vedovello
Vedovello))
ASSUNTA BY NANNI DI BANCO
North portal of Florence’s Cathedral
400 µm
IN SITU ASSESSMENT: micromicro-3D, Raman, LIPS
LASER INDUCED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY
IN SITU ASSESSMENT: micromicro-3D, Raman, LIPS
Profile (m
m)
4500
4000
3500
3000
0
1000
2000
X(m)
3000
VERROCCHIO’S DAVID
SRE:: Ludovica Nicolai
SRE
DONATELLO’S DAVID (2007(2007-2008): LASER
REMOVAL
O
OF
O ORGANIC
O G
C PATINATIONS
O S (SFR)
(S )
PI: Ludovica Nicolai
SILVER RELIEVES
Thesis SAF
SAF--OPD by P. Belluzzo
ARRINGATORE:: REMOVAL OF PATINATIONS
ARRINGATORE
SRE E
SREs:
E. Pucci
P
Pucci,
i, D
D. Scapati
S
ti
Soprintendenza per i Beni
Archeologicii della Toscana
ST@rT
PORTA DEL PARADISO
Restorers:: S. Agnoletti
Restorers
Agnoletti,, A. Brini, L. Nicolai
Lab. investigation
Laser parameters
Laser prototyping
Tests
Application
LQS Nd:YAG (70 ns),
LQS-Nd:YAG
ns) F  500 mJ/cm2, water-assisted
water assisted
Methodology Assessment
Video by N
N. Salvioli
Novel laser system Forrmation
5 mm
S. Siano et al. The Gate of Paradise: physical optimization of the laser cleaning approach, Studies in Conservation, 46, (2001)
S. Siano et al. Laser cleaning methodology for the preservation of the Porta del Paradiso J.Cult. Heritage 4-S1 (2003)
M. Matteini e al. Laser and chemical cleaning tests for the conservation of the Porta del Paradiso , J.Cult. Heritage 4-S1 (2003)
Interpretation of the execution procedure
IN SITU ARCHEOMETLLURGICAL STUDIES
OF LARGE BRONZES
APPLICATION OF LIPS IN AUTHENTICATION STUDIES
Fake
Genuine
LASER TREATMENTS:
OPEN CHALLENGES
WALL PAINTINGS:
EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS
2005 – Cappelle
C
ll off Santa
S t Maria
M i della
d ll Scala,
S l Siena
Si
SE: A. Brunetto
2007 - Donjon del Castello di Quart
SE: A. Brunetto
2009 – Catacombe di Santa Tecla
SE: A. Ortolan,, G. Patrizi
2010 – Cappella della Madonna dei Faráuli
SEs: J. Guarini, G. Martignano, G. Patrizi
2011 - Catacombe di Domitilla
•
SE: G. Patrizi
•........
Pontificia
Commissione di
Archeologia Sacra
24
- WP1
- WP2
- WP3
- WP4
- WP5
- WP6
- WP7
- WP8
- WP9
- WP10
Project Management
Best practices and protocols
Scientific e
excellence
cellence
Dissemination & communication
ARCHLAB
MOLAB
FIXLAB
A portal to CH knowledge
Portable instrumentation
Techniques for for lab. research
25
WP9 Laser cleaning: new methodologies
T9.7
or in
in--situ applications
Partners: UNIPG, CNRS-LC2RMF, IESL-FORTH, CNR-IFAC, CNR-ICVBC/INOA,
NCU, RWTH, OPD, LNEC
Task 9.7 Open cleaning problems (M1-12)
Task 9.7b Laser interaction optimisation (M10-40)
- Systematic laboratory investigations
- Optimization
O ti i ti studies
t di on a variety
i t off artifacts
tif t
Task 9.7c Laser Cleaning Prototypes (M19-30)
- Improvements on existing systems
pp
((M28-48))
Task 9.7d Applications
Report on validation and integration among techniques (M48)
26 26
26
BIOLOGICAL GROWTHS ON STONES
FUNGI, BACTERIA, LICHENS, ALGAE, MOSSES
 Affect the fruition
 Produce serious deterioration mechanisms
- Mechanical damage by hyphae or algal filament growths
- Increase of water absorption
- Chemical actions such as chelation or leaching of minerals driven by the
production of specific substances.
Soon after cleaning
Mirecide (MIT,
(MIT Methylisothiazolinone)
Biotin R (OIT, -n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) and Carbamate
3 years later
27 27
27
STONE BIODETERIORATION
PAM
FM
LASER CLEANING TESTS:
Nd:YAG LASERS ON RED OCHRE
SRE: A. Brunetto
Brunetto.. Coll. L. Appollonia
0.9 J/cm2
3.9 J/cm2
0.7J/cm2
SAGRESTIA VECCHIA AND CAPPELLA DEL MANTO
IN SANTA MARIA DELLA SCALA,
SCALA SIENA
In collaboration with G. Guasparri’s group and the SRE: A. Brunetto
a 100 µm
CATACOMBS OF SANTA TECLA, ROMA
In collaboration with the Potificia Commissione di Archeologia
g Sacra
S.Siano, M. Mascalchi, F. Fratini, A. Ortolan, G. Patrizi and B. Mazzei
Laser removal of calcareous
growths from paint layers
Pontificia
Commissione di
Archeologia Sacra
SFR+LQS2-3
A
SFR
SFR
+
LQS2
SFR
A
B
20 cm
SFR
© Potificia Commissione di Archeologia Sacra
SREs: A. Ortolan, G. Patrizi
2010
TG1 Economia 26-10-2009 A MODEL OF
MULTIDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION AND
TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER
Il settore del restauro toscano va bene anche in tempo di crisi
crisi. Un'eccellenza
Un eccellenza
anche da un punto di vista industriale, perchè riesce a far parlare mondi diversi:
ricerca, Universita', grande impresa e laboratori artigianali.
THE RECIPE: COLLABORATING
SHARING INTEGRATING
SHARING,
Regione Toscana
(POR-CReO/FESR
(POR
CReO/FESR 2007-2013
2007 2013, 1
1.1d)
1d)
ST@rT
S
@
Partners: several conservation
Institutions, 50 research groups
50 restoration
t
ti
enterprises
t
i
Pontificia
Commissione di
Archeologia Sacra
Soprintendenza per i Beni
Archeologicii della Toscana