The Internet Computer/ICT Macleod

The Internet
Computer/ICT
Macleod
Power and Growth
The content on the World Wide Web
changes faster than anything else we’ve
ever seen in our culture.
It is a powerful learning tool.
Extremely influential in the lives of
many people around the world.
One must understand the structure of
the Internet to use it effectively and
efficiently!
How did it get its name?
• This internationalization of the Internet
helped give its name - an INTERnational
NETwork; hence
Internet.
The Internet and the
World Wide Web
• The Internet and the
World Wide Web are
not the same things.
The Internet
provides access to
the World Wide Web.
• Internet Hardware,
such as computers,
cables, and telephone
wires, that is
connected to create a
massive worldwide
network.
• World Wide Web
Software that sends
information that is
stored in files along
the Internet’s
hardware
How did the internet start?
• 1960s -ARPANET, (Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network) a defense force
project in the US which had the objective of
connecting several super-computer sites in the
country with one another so that if any one of
them was destroyed by a nuclear explosion,
data packet switching) lead to TCP/IP It began
fully functional in 1969.
• 1980 – changed to share scientific information
• 1992 - created software for the public use Sprint
got involved
Types of Web Sites
• Commercial sites
E-commerce sites
(shopping)
 Corporate presence
sites (provides info)
• Portal sites
• (variety of services used
everyday) MSN Google
• Informational sites
 News sites
 Government sites
 Public interest sites

• Educational sites

School and
university sites

Tutorials and
distance learning

Museums and other
institutions
• Personal sites (share
interest or news with
each other)
• Use a personal views
Who owns the Internet
• NO ONE! No a person or a company.
It is networks connected together.
• No single set of laws governs its
content. You connect to the Internet
through a private Internet service
provider and/or a public Wi-Fi
network.
Connections
• ADSL, abbreviation for
Asymmetric Digital
Subscriber Line is a
type of broadband
connection that is
available through a
user’s active telephone
line
• Cable Broadband
• DSL –FTTP Wi-Fi
Email
Electronic Mail (email) is the most frequently used application of
the Internet.
Many people who have access to the Internet at school, home,
and work, use the Internet for no other purpose than to send and
receive email.
294 billion messages per day means
more than 2.8 million emails are sent
every second and some 90 trillion
emails are sent per year. Around 90% of
these millions and trillions of message
are but spam and viruses.
1st Web browser
• Tim Berners-Lee wrote the first web
browser on a NeXT computer,
called WorldWideWeb in 1990. The
NCSA Mosaic was the web browser
Created by Marc Andreessen and
others, Mosaic was the first widelyused multimedia Web browser.
Netscape Navigator
• Microsoft’s Internet Explorer was
created in 1994 took off around ‘98.
HTML  Hypertext Markup Language
Bandwidth  Maximum amount of data that can travel through Internet
Firewall  Hardware/Software that prevents certain data
from traveling to your computer from the Internet
Home Page  The first page viewed on a website
Error 404  Broken Link (web page is not there)
Post Office Mail  Snail Mail
Copying data (files) YOUR
Upload 
Computer to the Internet
Copying data (files) from the
Download 
Internet to YOUR computer
How the Web Works
•A Web browser translates the text-based HTML into a
graphical Web page.
Title Bar
Menu
Navigation
buttons
Viewing
Area
Web
Address
http://www.nps.gov/grsm/planyourvisit/wildlifeviewing.htm
Address bar
Tab
Search text
hyperlink
Domain Names
• When you think of the Internet, you probably think of
".com." Just what do those three letters at the end of a
World Wide Web address mean? In order to locate
online data, the web servers that host the information
each have a unique numerical address. For example, the
numerical address IPS 198.137.240.100. But since few
people want to remember long strings of numbers, the
Domain Name System (DNS) was invented. DNS, a
critical part of the Internet's technical infrastructure,
correlates a numerical address to a word. To access a
website, you could type its number into the address box
of your web browser.
Domain Names
•
•
The Structure of a Domain Name
A domain name always has two or more parts separated by dots and typically consists of some form of an
organization's name and a three letter or more suffix. For example, the domain name for IBM is "ibm.com"; the United
Nations is "un.org." Here are the most common:
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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•
•
•
•
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.aero--For the air-transport industry .biz--Reserved for businesses
.com--For businesses and commercial enterprises; most companies use this extension.
.coop--Reserved for cooperatives
.edu--For educational institutions and universities
.gov--Reserved for United States government agencies
.info--For informational sites
.int--For organizations established by international treaties
.jobs--For employment-related sites
.mil--For the United States military
.mobi--For sites related to mobile devices
.museum--For use by museums
.name--For use by individuals
.net--For networks; usually reserved for organizations such as Internet service providers
.org--For non-commercial organizations
.pro--For use by licensed professionals, such as attorneys and physicians
.tel--For services connecting phone networks and the Internet
.travel--For travel-related services, like airlines, hotels and agents
The more popular TLDs (.com, .net, .org, .biz, .info, .name) are available to the general
public
Internet Usage and Population Growth
YEAR
Population
Users
% Pop.
Broadband
2000
281,421,906
124,000,000
44.1 %
n/a
2001
285,317,559
142,823,008
50.0 %
n/a
2002
288,368,698
167,196,688
58.0 %
n/a
2003
290,809,777
172,250,000
59.2 %
n/a
2004
293,271,500
201,661,159
68.8 %
n/a
2005
299,093,237
203,824,428
68.1 %
n/a
2007
301,967,681
212,080,135
70.2 %
n/a
2008
303,824,646
220,141,969
72.5 %
n/a
2009
307,212,123
227,719,000
74.1 %
n/a
2010
310,232,863
239,893,600
77.3 %
85,287,100
Myspace Facts
• MySpace was founded by former Friendster members Chris Dewolfe
and Tom Anderson in 2003. They saw opportunity to beat Friendster
with more options and less restrictions for social network users.
MySpace was purchased in 2005 for $580 million by Rupert
Murdoch creator of a media empire that includes 20th Century Fox
and the Fox television stations. Google paid $900 million to be
MySpace's search provider. MySpace runs on Microsoft .NET
Framework, operating under Windows 2003 server and applications
written in C# for ASP.NET.
• Myspace (previously styled as MySpace is a social networking
service owned by Specific Media LLC and pop star Justin
Timberlake.
• In August 2011, Myspace had 33.1 million unique U.S. visitors.
MySpace has more than 40 billion page views a month.
Facts
• September 2, 1969: First time two computers
communicated with each other.
• 1971: The first email was sent.
• The first Internet access was by dial-up modem, tied up
your phone line, and paid by the hour. Plus, it took about
30 seconds to load each page.
• The first message ever to be transmitted was LOG..
why? The user had attempted to type LOGIN, but the
network crashed after the enormous load of data of the
letter G.
• 17 billion devices will be connected to the Internet (in
total) by the year 2012.
• In the US Internet Usage Statistics 239,893,600 Internet
users as of June/10, 77.3% of the population,
Facts
• According to legend, Amazon became the number one shopping site
because in the days before the invention of the search giant Google,
Yahoo would list the sites in their directory alphabetically! Jeff Bezos
coined the term Amazon.com from the earlier name Cadabra.com.
• Of the 247 billion email messages sent every day, 81% are pure
spam.
• Twenty hours of video from around the world are uploaded to
YouTube every minute. The first ever YouTube video was uploaded
on April 23rd 2005,by Jawed Karim (one of the founders of the site)
and was 18 seconds long, entitled “Me at the zoo”. It was quite
boring.
• In 1996 Americans with Internet access spent fewer than 30 minutes
a month surfing the Web. Today, we spend about 27 hours a month
online.
Facts
• Google estimates that the Internet today contains about 5 million
terabytes of data (1TB = 1,000GB), and claims it has indexed only
0.04% of it all!
• There are more searches for Justin Beiber than there are for Jesus
on the internet.
• The Fastest internet in the world. South Korea has the worlds best
broadband in terms of quality. The download speed is averaged to
have a latency of 48 milliseconds, this means it is basically ready for
High definition video online.
• More than 3.7 million domain names are registered every month.
• The first banner advertisement on Internet was used in 1994.
• Facebook holds more than 10 billion photographs.
• Google uses more electricity than some countries do in a year.
• There are 18 countries in the world that still don’t have any form of
Internet connection.
History of dates
• 1991 organization went live
Whitehouse UN
World Banks
• 1993 1st commercial site was Pizza Hut
• 1994 Yahoo founded
• 1996 browser created Netscape Microsoft signal new
software development
• 1996 Google founded and Flash introduced
• 1999 6.5 million sites online
• 2000’s YouTube 2005 with 68,000 +WI-Fi online
• 2006 Mozilla Firefox released
• 2007 iPhone released
Navigating the World Wide
Web
 Web browsers - Netscape Navigator,
Firefox, Safari , Google CROME &
Microsoft Internet Explorer
Search Engines - Yahoo, Excite, DogPile,
Lycos, AltaVista, HotBot, Google, MSN etc.
Search Engines for Students
• Ask for Kids
Afast, easy and kid-friendly way for kids to
search online. Designed to be a fun
destination site focused on learning and “edutainment
• Yahooligans!
Yahooligans! is a browsable, searchable
directory of Internet sites for kids. Each site
has been carefully checked by an
experienced educator to ensure the content
and links are appropriate for kids aged 7-12
Search Engines- Popular
• Now we have Bing It is owned by Microsoft.
• AltaVista
Featuring web and newsgroup search engine as well as paid
submission services.
• Lycos
Online destination site combining elements of navigation,
community, and Business
• Excite
Provides search, news, email, personals, portfolio tracking, and
other services.
• HotBot
Search engine that offers custom filters, skins, and access various
other engines.
Interesting facts
• Google:
• Google.com indexes 23.5 billion public
web pages.
• 9.5 billion static pages are hidden from the
public. (that are not even a hit) private
intranet content like company
websites/databases ie aries
Search Engines for students
• AllTheWeb
Search engine which indexes web pages, as well
as multimedia, audio, FTP, PDF, and MS Word
files from around the world.
• MSN Search
The new MSN Search makes it easier and faster
to find just what you’re after. With results from
MSN Music, MSN Encarta® and even your own
desktop, MSN Search gives you all the tools you
need to make the most of your time.
• Duck Duck Go
Search Engines: Toolbars
Yahoo! Toolbar Companion
Stanford University graduate students Jerry Yang
and David Filo created this popular Web portal in
1994. It remains a favorite for email, photo sharing
(it owns Flickr) and other services.
More search engines
Ask Toolbar
Search the Web, your desktop or your email directly from your
browser using the Ask Toolbar. Personalize your search
experience with saved locations, your local news and read the
latest news in your toolbar.
• Google Toolbar
As you type a search query into the new Toolbar’s search
box, you’ll see a list of useful suggestions based on
popular Google searches, spelling corrections and your
own Toolbar search history and bookmarks.
• MSN Toolbar
Search the web, start MSN Hotmail, or open MSN
Messenger – all without leaving the page you’re on
Facts 2012