Document 2501514

SU RFI
CI
ALGEOLOGYOFPAWNEECOU NTY,KANSAS
MAPM11
4
Funded inpartby th e US GS National
Cooperative M apping Program an
d
by th e NationalParkS ervice
Ge ol
ogybyWil
l
iam C.Joh ns
on and Te rri L.Wood burn
Te x t
,unitd e s
c
ript
ions
,and c
ros
ss
ec
t
ion byCh arit
yM.Ph il
l
ips
Land e r
2015
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8
9
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11
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14
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15
14
13
18
17
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16
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13
18
183
L
K
Kc
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14
17
23
24
19
20
21
19
20
21
22
23
24
19
Cr
20
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Qal
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21
22
19
24
23
20
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0
22
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23
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Kc
220
26
25
30
29
28
27
26
Ql
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34
35
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R 21 W
36
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25
30
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25
26
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26
25
SU PPLEMENTALREFERENCE
Qal
Qp
Qal
Qp
Bow en,M .W .
,J oh nson,W .C.
,Kl
opfenstein,
S .T.
,and Dunham,J .W .
,2009,
Devel
oping a geospatialdatabase
of pl
ayas w ith inth e High Pl
ains of Kansas:CurrentR esearch inth e Pl
eistocene,v.
26,p.191
193.
33
34
35
36
Qp
Kgg
31
32
33
34
35
36
31
34
33
32
31
36
32
36
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Kgg
5
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3
2
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
6
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1
2
3
4
5
6
5
Kgg
0
3
4
2
Qp
4
5
3
Qal
R
VE
2
Qss
1
Qt 1
Lithology
38°15'
Qp
h
210
R 14 W
T 21 S
6
1
R 15 W
Qal
Qp
0
220
Qp
T 20 S
Kd
Kd
Qp
Qal
As
38°15'
Ql
T 21 S
Qal
BARTON CO
-99°00'
R 15 W
R 16 W
T 20 S
Qp
4
Ql
J oh nson
,W .C.
,and W oodburn,T.L.
,2
015
,S urficialgeol
ogy of Paw nee County,Kan
sas;tex t,geol
ogicunit
descriptions,and cross sectiongeol
ogy by C.M .Ph il
l
ipsLander:Kan
sas Geol
ogicalS urvey,M ap M 114,scal
e
1:
50,
00
0.
Ql
Qp
Ql
Ql
Qal
35
Qal
6
1
34
2000
2
33
Kgg
Qal
3
SU GGESTEDREFERENCETO THI
SMAP
Qp
35
Qal
4
27
Kgg
Ql
Kgg
5
28
Ql
Qal
Qp
Kgg
Qal
6
29
Z el
l
er,D.E.
,ed.
,[1968
] 2013
,Cl
assification of rock
s in Kansas,revised by Kansas Geol
ogicalS urvey
S tratigraph ic Nomencl
ature Committee;
in,Th e S tratigraph ic S uccessioninKansas:Kan
sas Geol
ogicalS urvey,
Bul
l
etin189,
81p.
,1pl
ate;
h ttp:
/
/
www.
k
gs.
k
u.
edu/
General
/
S trat/
in
dex .
h tml
.
Qp
Qal
Kgg
T 21 S
R 20 W
26
Kgg
32
Ql
T 20 S
27
ADDI
TI
ONALSOU RCE
Qp
Ql
Qal
Ql
28
Ql
Qal
2200
R 21 W
2200
Kgg
0
29
Kgg
Kgg
33
Qp
Qp
W al
l
ace,K.C.
,an
d Nel
son,M .E.
,19
88,Deposition
alh istory of th e Codel
lS andstone M ember,Carl
il
e S h al
e,
(
UpperCretaceous)
,
Kansas:FortHays S tudies,S cien
ce,
Th ird S eries,n
o.10,p.
102
–116.
Qp
Ql
0
22
30
Qp
Qp
Kgg
Kgg
Kgg
32
Qp
Ql
Kgg
31
k
2200
Qal
A
C re e
25
Qp
0
27
0
21
28
2200
2200
29
Ql
2200
Ql
30
Kgg
2200
Ql
Qp
0
0
220
Ql
S ch oew e,W .H.
,1
949,Th e geograph y of Kansas,pt.2
,ph ysicalgeograph y:Kansas Academy of S cience
Transaction
s,v.52,no.3,
p.261
–333
.
Groundw atersuppl
ies irrigation,domestic,stock
,industrial
,and municipalw aterinPaw nee Coun
ty,mainl
y from
th e unconsol
idated sediments inth e Paw nee R iverand Ark
ansas R iverval
l
eys.
Numerous irrigationw el
l
s occupy
th e Paw nee R iverand Ark
ansas R iverval
l
eys (
Kansas Geol
ogicalS urvey,201
4d)
.Dak
ota Formationsandstones
are al
so importan
t sources of irrigationw ater,mainl
y around and south of R ozel
.Th e Dak
ota is al
so used for
smal
ldomestic and stockw el
l
s(
M cLaugh l
in,1949
)
.
Th e GreenhornLimestone and Carl
il
e S h al
e provide smal
l
,
unrel
iabl
e quan
tities of w aterto a few domestic an
d stockw el
l
s innorth ernPaw n
ee County (
M cLaugh l
in,1
949
)
.
S everaldeep (
400to 75
0ft)w el
l
sinPermianrock
sh ave fl
ow ed sal
tw atertoth e surface (
M cLaugh l
in,194
9
)
.
24
Ql
Qp
Pl
ummer,N.
,and R omary,J .F.
,1942,S tratigraph y of th e preGreenhorncretaceous beds of Kan
sas:Kansas
Geol
ogicalS urvey,Bul
l
etin41,pt.9,p.3
13
–348.
WATERRESOU RCES
0
Kgg
M oss,R .G.
,1932,
Th e geol
ogyof Ness and Hodgemancounties,Kansas:
Kan
sasGeol
ogicalS urvey,Bul
l
etin19,
48p.
Oiland gasare importan
tresourcesinPaw nee Coun
ty.Oilproductionh ad decl
in
ed to a l
ow of 11
0,
690barrel
s of
oilfrom 136w el
l
s in200
5but h as sin
ce in
creased to 369,
227barrel
s from 19
5w el
l
s in201
4
.I
naddition
,115
w el
l
s produced 7
58,
017mil
l
ioncubic feet(
mcf)of gas in201
4
.Cumul
ativel
y,more th an47,
00
0,
000barrel
s of
oiland 14
0,
000,
00
0mcf of gas h ave beenproduced inPaw nee Coun
ty(
Kansas Geol
ogicalS urvey,201
4c)
.
Kd
Kgg
M cNel
l
is,J .M .
,19
73,Geol
ogy and groundw aterresources of R ush Coun
ty,centralKan
sas:Kansas Geol
ogical
S urvey,Bul
l
etin20
7,45p.
;h ttp:
/
/
www.
k
gs.
k
u.
edu/
General
/
Geol
ogy/
R ush /
index .
h tml
.
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2100
210
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11
12
7
8
10
12
7
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Qal
Kgg
Kgg
Qt 1
Kgg
Qp
Qal
13
18
17
16
Ql
13
2100
Ql
18
Qt 1
Qt 1
Qt 1
Sa
Qal
24
19
20
22
23
Qal
24
19
24
23
22
21
20
Qt 1
Qp
Qt 1
156
B
C
31
32
33
0
210
Qp
34
35
36
Qt 1
32
34
35
36
Qal
AHO
31
Ql
&
R iv e
MA
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Qal
Kd
33
1
6
Qt 1
5
4
12
7
Qp
Ql
183
K
L
Qal
2
1
KANSAS
Qt 1
9
8
7
OKLAH OM
R
6
AD
AILR O
0
4M
M
5
2
3
Qt 1
0
20
10
11
12
13
Qt 1
18
17
16
Qt 1
15
Qp
14
13
Qt 1
Qt 1
1 200
0
18
14
15
16
17
R
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RA
4
3
2
1
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2100
20
21
Qp
22
23
24
19
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Qp
Ql
Qp
20
FOR TLAR NED
NATI
ONAL
HI
S TOR I
CS I
TE
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22
21
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LA
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12
11
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19
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7
8
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10
9
11
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18
13
15
16
17
13
14
29
28
27
25
26
30
29
28
27
26
Qds
18
16
17
14
15
13
Qss
Qss
Qt 1
23
ER
19
24
19
24
23
22
21
20
21
20
22
Fence-post ls bed
Jetmore Ch
Greenhorn Ls
Volcanic ash
2200
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28
29
27
25
26
30
24
36
31
32
34
35
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26
27
!
25
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20
0
31
33
32
2100
Qp
Qp
Qp
KA
AR
Qp
NS
34
AS
35
75
Qds
3
1
2
6
Ql
31
36
36
35
34
33
32
34
33
32
31
5
1
2
3
4
Kd
50
3
4
5
6
25
kl e
1
2
210
0
2
3
4
5
6
1
2100
ee
Qds
0
20
0
17
Qds
16
18
13
14
15
Qas
17
14
15
16
23
22
24
20
19
19
24
23
22
21
22
21
20
2100
Ho
21
Pi c
e
26
25
30
29
28
Qas
Ac
t
iv
e s
and —Active sand areas are being rew ork
ed and redeposited by w ind.Active sand areas are typical
l
y
ex pressed asbl
ow outs w ith inth e sand dun
e map unit.
Qss
Sh e e ts
and —Th e sh eet sands are ol
derremnants of th e sanddune topograph y ch aracterized by a much fl
atter
surface of broad,undul
ating sw el
l
s and sw al
es.Th e sh eet san
ds h ave devel
oped a th ick
,h eavy soilth at is
ex ten
sivel
ycul
tivated (
M cLaugh l
in,1
949)
.
Th e th ick
ness of th e sh eetsandsis approx imatel
y12ft(
4m)
.
Ql
Loe s
s
—Upl
ands inth e county are mantl
ed by l
oess composed of w inddeposited sil
t and minoramounts of cl
ay
and fine sand.Th e l
oess is cal
careous and buff incol
or.Th e age of th e l
oess ranges from l
ate Pl
eistocene to
Hol
ocen
e.I
th as anaverage th ick
ness of about6to10ft(
2to3m)
.
k
20
0
Qds
25
Qds
27
28
29
30
25
26
27
28
29
30
Qss
0
Qss
26
Qal
S
M
Qds
Qal
56
183
R
33
34
35
36
31
32
33
34
on
Qds
Qss
32
31
36
38°00'
R 19 W
T 24 S
R 18 W
il d
Qss
-99°15' R 18 W
EDWARDSCO
R 17 W
Qds
R 16 W -99°07'30"
R 17 W
R 15 W
R 16 W
20
0
Qss
0
T 23 S
STAFFORDCO
-99°00'
Cr
36
35
34
Qss
T 23 S
Qal
35
33
32
31
36
35
34
33
Wild
Ho r
se
ZY
A
0
32
Qss
Qss
21
0
31
Co
Qss
W
Qt 1
25
L
Ql
20
0
Qal
26
27
Qds
0
0
20
0
210
0
kl
210
0
27
24
2000
0
28
23
e
rs
Qss
0
210
ittle
T 24 S
Qal
38°00'
R 15 W
R 14 W
Hy
d rol
ogyand Topograph y
Qt1
Peren
nialstream
I
n
termittentstream
SCALE 1:50 000
1
0.5
Peren
nialw aterbody,manmade sh orel
in
e
0
1
1
0.5
0
2
1
3
2
3
4 MILES
4
Qt2
El
evationcon
tours,from th e US GS US Topo dataset,are presen
ted forgen
eral
referen
ce.Th ey w ere gen
erated from 1/
3arcsecon
d NationalEl
evationDataset
(
NED)digitalel
evationmodel
s(
DEM s)
,fil
tered to smooth th e arcs.Th e NED
data w ere modified by th e Nation
alHydrograph y Dataset (
NHD)features for
better in
tegrationbetw eenh ypsograph y an
d h ydrograph y.I
nsome pl
aces th e
con
tours may be more gen
eral
ized th anth e base maps used forcompil
ationof
geol
ogic contacts.
Con
tactsonth e map w il
l
typical
l
yrefl
ecttopograph ic variation
more accuratel
y th anth e associated con
tour l
in
es.R epeated fl
uctuationof a
con
tactacross a con
tourl
in
e in
dicates th atth e mapped rockun
itis main
tain
in
ga
rel
ativel
ycon
stan
tel
evational
on
g a gen
eral
ized con
tour.
5 KILOMETERS
I
n
termittentw aterbody
El
evationcontour
(
10
0footin
terval
)
El
evationcontour
(
20
footinterval
)
Depressioncontour
(
10
0footin
terval
)
Depressioncontour
(
20
footinterval
)
2000
Computercompil
ationand cartograph y by th e Kansas Geol
ogical
S urvey'
s Cartograph ic S ervices unit.Forpurch ase information,or
forinformationabout oth erKGS maps orpubl
ications,pl
ease cal
l
I
S BN#9781588069567
Publication Sales
(785) 864-2157
Lastupdated 7/
13/
2015
orvisitth e Kansas Geol
ogicalS urveyw ebsite atw w w .
kgs.
ku.
edu
2000
LAMBERT CONFORMAL CONIC PROJECTION
WITH STANDARD PARALLELS AT 33° AND 45°
NORTH AMERICAN DATUM OF 1983
Res
ourc
e Devel
opm e nt
M
S h aded rel
ief isbased on1meterh ydrofl
atten
ed bareearth DEM sfromth e S tate
of Kansas LiDAR Database.Th e DEM images,inErdas I
magin
e(
.
img)format,
w ere mosaick
ed in
to a singl
e outputDEM inEsri fil
e geodatabase rasterformat.
Th at DEM w as th en dow n
sampl
ed to 2meter resol
ution an
d subsequen
tl
y
con
verted to geograph ic coordin
ates.Th e output DEM w as th enconverted to a
h il
l
sh ade,a mul
tidirection
alsh adedrel
ief image usin
g angl
es of il
l
umin
ation
from 0°,225°,27
0°,an
d 315
°azimuth s,each 45°above th e h orizon
,w ith a 4x
verticalex aggeration
.
Th e Kan
sasGeol
ogicalS urveydoesn
otguaran
tee th ismap tobe free fromerrors
orin
accuracies an
d discl
aims any respon
sibil
ity orl
iabil
ity forin
terpretation
s
made fromth e map ordecision
sbased th ereon
.
A
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NESS CO
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19
A
F
Qal
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Arkansas River
56
J
I
Ql
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2100
KANSAS & OKLAHOMA
RAILROAD
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C
156
Qt 1
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Ql
!
!
!
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Ql
!
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Kd
Dak ot
aForm a
t
ion—S everalisol
ated outcrops of th e Dak
ota FormationoccurinPaw nee County,most notabl
y
near Burdett,Garfiel
d,an
d Larn
ed.Based onl
imited outcrops and cuttings from more th an100test h ol
es,
M cLaugh l
in(
1949
)described th e Dak
ota as buff,yel
l
ow brow n,and brow nfinegrain
ed,l
en
ticul
arsandstone and
variegated sandy cl
ay and cl
ay.Th e sandstone may be th in
bedded to massive but general
l
y is strongl
y rippl
emark
ed and crossbedded.Al
th ough sandstone dominates th e outcrops,th e Dak
ota is predominan
tl
y cl
ay and
sandy cl
ay (
Pl
ummer and R omary,1942;Fish el
,1
952)
.Topograph ic expressionis variabl
e and depen
ds on
cementation.W el
l
cemented portions of th e Dak
ota form bl
uffs near Larn
ed,w h il
e l
ow ,smooth h il
l
s are
ch aracteristic w h ere th e sandstone is poorl
y cemented.I
na few pl
aces inth e county,zones of h ard,cal
citecemented “quartzitic” sandstone w eath erout as rounded boul
ders orform resistant l
edges (
M cLaugh l
in,19
49)
.
Th e Dak
ota underl
ies most of Paw nee Coun
ty,w h ere th e average th ick
ness is th ough t to be about 200ft (
6
1m)
(
M cLaugh l
in,
1949
)
.
183
K
L
Qal
!
!
! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !
! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! !
!
!
!
! !
Kgg
!
!
!
2200
Qal
!
1950
Qal
Ql
Qal
Ql
Ql
!
!
!
Kd
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
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!
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!
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2000
1950
!
!
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!
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!
!
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!
Qt 1
Elevation (ft)
Elevation (ft)
Qal
!
!
Kgg
Grane rosSh a
l
e and Gre e nh orn Lim e s
t
one—I
nPaw nee County,th e Graneros S h al
e and GreenhornLimeston
e
are poorl
y ex posed and un
differentiated.Th e Grane rosSh al
e is a dark
gray to bl
ack
,fissil
e,argil
l
aceous sh al
e
th at may containsandy sh al
e and sandstone (
M cLaugh l
in,194
9)
.W h ere th e Graneros crops out inn
orth central
and w estcentralKansas,th e th ick
ness ranges from 24to 40ft (
7to 1
2m)
,averaging about 30ft (
9m)(
Hattin,
1965)
.M cLaugh l
in(
1949
)bel
ieved th e th ick
ness does notex ceed 35ft(
11m)inPaw nee County.
Th e overl
ying
Gre e nh orn Lim e s
t
one h as fourmembers,inascen
ding order:th e Linc
ol
n Lim e s
t
one Me m ber,th e Ha
rt
l
and
Sh al
e Me m ber,th e Jet
m ore Ch al
k Me m ber,and th e Pf
e if
e r Sh a
l
e Me m ber.Lackof good ex posures mak
es
differentiating th e members difficul
t.General
l
y,th e GreenhornLimestone is composed of al
ternating beds of
th in
ner(
usual
l
yl
ess th an1ft [0
.
3m])beds of ch al
k
y to crystal
l
in
el
imestone and th ick
erbeds of gray,ch al
k
y
sh al
e th atcontainth inbeds of ben
tonitic cl
ay (
M cLaugh l
in,194
9)
.Th e Fencepostl
imeston
e bed is l
ocated ator
nearth e top of th e formation(
M cLaugh l
in,19
49;Hattin,1975
)
.Th e th ick
ness of th e Greenhornaverages 100ft
(
30m)inR ush County(
M cNel
l
is,1
973)and isth ough ttobe of simil
arth ick
nessinPaw nee County.
2250
!
1900
Kc
2300
East
Qal
Oga
l
l
a
l
aForm at
ion— Th e Ogal
l
al
a Formationis M iocene an
d earl
iest Pl
iocene inage and is composed of sil
t,
sand,and gravelsediments tran
sported by streams fl
ow ing eastw ard from th e R ock
y M ountains.Th ese sediments
are variousl
y cemented (
ranging from unconsol
idated to cal
ich etype deposits)w ith cal
cium carbonate.
Th rough out th e Ogal
l
al
a,th ick cal
ich e beds,referred to regional
l
y as “mortar beds,
” are irregul
arl
y and
discontinuousl
y ex posed (
M oss,1932
)
.S il
t dominates th e Ogal
l
al
a and commonl
y occurs inpoorl
y sorted an
d
l
en
ticul
arbodies.
Th in,isol
ated outcrops of Ogal
l
al
a occuronl
yinth e ex treme south w estcornerof th e coun
ty.
Carl
il
e Sh a
l
e —Th e Cretaceous Carl
il
e S h al
e is composed of th ree members,inascending order:th e Fairport
Ch al
kM ember,th e Bl
ue Hil
lS h al
e M ember,and th e Codel
lS andston
e M ember.Th e Bl
ue Hil
lSh a
l
e Me m ber
and th e Cod e l
lSand s
t
one Me m ber h ave not beenobserved inth e county (
M cLaugh l
in,1949
;Hattin,1962;
M cKel
l
ar,1962
;W al
l
ace and Nel
son,19
88)
.Th e Fa
irportCh al
k Me m ber is anol
ivegrayto dark
gray,bl
ock
y,
fossil
iferous,ch al
k
y sh al
e w ith fl
atcon
cretions in
tercal
ated w ith ch al
kand ch al
k
yl
imestone beds and a few th in
benton
ite beds (
M oss,19
3
2;Hattin,1962
)
.Th ick
er,more resistan
t beds of ch al
ky l
imestone are more common
nearth e base of th e Fairportch al
kand form smal
lben
ch es.Th e upperbeds erode more easil
y and form roun
ded,
soil
covered h il
l
s(
Fish el
,1
952)
.Outcrops occural
ong stream val
l
eys inth e north ernpartof th e county.Th e total
th ick
ness of th e Carl
il
e S h al
e inPaw n
ee Coun
tyis h ard to determine because of poorex posures,butnow h ere is it
bel
ieved tobe more th an10
0ft(
30m)th ick(
M cLaugh l
in,
1949
)
.
A'
Qal
Te rrac
e val
l
e yf
il
l
— Terrace val
l
ey fil
lis primaril
y derived from th e erosionof sedimentary rock
s inan
d w estof
Paw nee Coun
ty and occurs al
ong th e Paw nee and Ark
ansas rivers.Th e fil
lconsists of l
igh ttanto brow ncl
ay and
sil
tcontain
ing some cal
ich e and in
terbedded fine to coarse sand w ith some gravel
.Cl
ays are bl
ock
y and typical
l
y
brow n,butrange incol
orfrom w h ite to brigh tgreenand bl
ue.S il
tis poorl
y con
sol
idated ex ceptw h ere cemented
by cal
cium carbon
ate.S an
d and gravelare poorl
y sorted,contain
ing fragments of sandstone,l
imestone,an
d
iron
stone derived from w eath ering of th e Green
h orn Limestone,Carl
il
e S h al
e,and Dak
ota Formation
(
M cLaugh l
in,1949
)
.Tw o terraces (
Q t1and Q t2)w ith inth e Paw nee R iverval
l
ey h ave beendifferen
tiated an
dl
ie
20ft(
6m)(
Q t1)and 50ft(
15m)(
Q t2)above th e val
l
eyfl
oor(
M cLaugh l
in
,1949
;M andel
,1
994)
.
MESOZOI
CROCKS
Th is map w as produced using th e ArcGI
S system devel
oped by ES R I
(
En
vironmen
talS ystems R esearch I
n
stitute,I
n
c.
)
.
R oads an
d h igh w ays sh ow nonth e base map as represen
ted by data from th e
Kan
sas Department of Tran
sportation (
KDOT)an
d oth er sources. U.
S.
Departmen
t of Agricul
ture – Farm S ervices Agen
cy (
US DAFS A)Nation
al
Agricul
ture I
magery Program (
NAI
P)imagery al
so w as used to ch eckroad
l
ocation
s.
Opensand orgravelpit
No
Th is geol
ogic map w as funded inpart by th e US GS Nation
alCooperative
Geol
ogic M appin
g Programan
d byth e Nation
alParkS ervice.
Th e geol
ogy w as mapped in th e fiel
d using US GS 7.
5’ 1:
24
,
00
0scal
e
topograph ic maps.
!
Qds
0
20
!
Eol
ian d une s
and — I
nactive sand dun
es are presen
t inmuch of th e area south of th e Ark
ansas R iverinPaw nee
County and are Pl
eistocene to Hol
ocene inage.Th e dune areas cl
osest to th e Ark
ansas R iverare grasscovered,
moderatel
y steep,irregul
arh il
l
s surrounding rel
ativel
y smal
l
,undrained basins.A few active dunes may occur
l
ocal
l
y.Th e dune sand is composed of moderatel
y w el
l
rounded fragments of quartz w ith l
esseramounts of sil
t
and cl
ay and is mostl
y derived from th e Ark
ansas R iver val
l
ey (
M cLaugh l
in,1949
;Arbogast,1998
)
.Th e
th ick
ness of th e dun
es ranges up to50ft(
15m)(
M cLaugh l
in,194
9)
.
ee
2000
Cr e
ek
Qss
19
!
!
Qp
13
Cr
0
21
0
24
0
!
U pl
and int
e rm it
t
e ntl
ak e (
pl
aya)d e pos
it
s
— S h al
l
ow basins,al
so k
now nas pl
ayas orbuffal
o w al
l
ow s,h ave
devel
oped inth e upl
and l
oess deposits,main
l
y south of th e Paw nee R iver.Th e originof th ese features is usual
l
y
attributed to w ind defl
ation
,animalactivity,dissol
ution,orsome combinationof th ese processes.Th e age of th e
pl
ayas probabl
yranges froml
ate Pl
eistocene toHol
ocene.Pl
aya basins range insize froml
ess th ananacre toten
s
of acres.Th e basinfil
lconsists of redeposited sil
t and fin
e sand from th e l
oess.I
nth e l
argerbasins,a cal
ich e
l
ayertypical
l
y devel
ops a few feetbel
ow th e basinfl
oor.Th e average th ick
ness of th e basinfil
lis approx imatel
y
6ft(
2m)
.
Qas
Qss
Qss
200
0
0
0
210
0
210
21
0
d
b ar
2100
0
21
0
0
0
210
2100
18
Qds
H ub
21
0
2100
e
2100
21
0
21
0
2100
Cr
210
0
13
14
15
Qss
Qt 1
SA
AC
M
2100
0
AN
E
LL
VI
KS
LP
BE
C oo
29
K
O
ZO
RE
NW
BE
&
&
RT H
TRUE NORTH
MAG NE TIC NO
2100
21
0
RA
JO SAI
HN NT
SW
K
LD
GA
R
RE
LP
LE
W
16
Qt 1
Observed contact
I
n
ferred contact
APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2015
2015
Kansas Geological Survey
University of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas 66047
R
DI
UM
D
NE
LA
R
FO
FI
E
L
RO
ZE
IS
Y
C r ee k
Peren
nialw aterbody
Ogal
l
al
a Fm
17
210
0
PA
W
AL
ED
LA
RT
NF
SA
SE
SW
L
RO
ZE
LE
KI
NS
EDWARDSCO
RO
CK
NE
E
RT
BE
H
AS
RN
OR
D
L
RO
ZE
SE
Y
LE
VA
L
CE RU
N T SH
ER
SE
CE R
NT US
ER H
SW
SE
ZI
NE
T
BA
ET
RD
BU
NS
SE T O
N
HA
LE
OF
FE
R
M ississippianS ubsystem
Pl
iocene -M iocene S eries
18
Qss
!
H
0
NEOGENES Y S TEM
2000
Zook
200
Pennsyl
vanianS ubsystem
Qds
12
Qal
0
Limitof gl
aciationinKansas
F
A
00
2011
10
9
8
7
12
11
10
9
Dakota Fm
Qal
0
0
20
CAR BONI
FER OUS S Y S TEM
8
0
Gl
acial
driftdeposits
0
21
Qal
30
7
! !
!
!
!
! ! !!
!
!
! ! !
! ! !
! ! !
! ! !
!
! ! !
!
!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
!
! !
!
!
! ! ! !
!
! !
! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !
!
! !
!
!
!
! ! !!
!
! ! ! ! ! !
!
!
!
!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
!
!
!! ! ! !! ! !
!
! !! ! ! ! ! !
!!
!!
!
! ! !!!!
!
!
!
! ! ! ! !
!! !!
!
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! ! !!
! !! !
!!
!
! ! ! !! !!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
!!
!
! !
!! ! ! ! ! !
! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! !
!! !
! ! ! ! !
!
! ! ! ! ! ! !
!
! !! ! ! !
!
!
! !!
!
!! ! ! ! ! !
! ! !
! !!
! ! ! !
! ! ! !
!
! !
! ! !! ! ! !
! !! !
! !!
!
! ! !! ! !
!
! ! ! ! ! !!
!
! !
!
Al
l
uv
ium — Al
l
uvialsediments of th e maj
orrivers an
d smal
l
erstreams are Hol
ocene inage and are composed of
sand,gravel
,sil
t,an
d cl
ay (
M cLaugh l
in,19
49)
.I
nth e Paw nee R iver val
l
ey,th e upper part of th e al
l
uvium
consists primaril
y of cl
ay w ith some sand and sil
t.Th ick
nesses range from 15to 50ft (
5to 15m)but average
about3
0ft(
9m)
.Ath ickdepositof san
d and gravell
ying beneath th e uppercl
ay deposits yiel
ds l
arge quantities
of w aterto w el
l
s inth e val
l
ey.Th e totalth ick
ness of th e Paw nee R iveral
l
uvium ranges from 65to 138ft(
2
0to
42m)
,w ith anaverage th ick
ness of 105ft(
32m)(
M cLaugh l
in,1949
)
.I
ncontrastto th e Paw nee R iveral
l
uvium,
th e Ark
ansas R iver al
l
uvium contain
s no th ickcl
ay deposits,al
th ough l
ocal
ized cl
ay l
ayers may occur.Th e
Ark
ansas R iveral
l
uvium contains sandy soil
s overl
ying th ickbeds of san
d and gravel
.As a resul
t,th e rech arge
rate of w el
l
s is greater inth e Ark
ansas R iver val
l
ey th aninth e Paw nee R iver val
l
ey.Th e Ark
ansas R iver
al
l
uvium ranges from 18
-to 135
ft (
6
-to 41
m)th ick
,w ith anaverage th ick
ness of about 61ft (
1
9m)
(
M cLaugh l
in,
1949
)
.
k
Qss
23
22
!
CENOZOI
CROCKS
0
21
PER M I
AN S Y S TEM
0
21
Qal
Geol
ogicU nitBound aries
5°
Qt 1
13
Qt 1
M ediumduty
primary road
M ediumduty
secon
dary road
Ligh tduty road
Un
improved road
R ail
road
Paved airportrun
w ay
Un
paved airportrunw ay
CR ETACEOUS S Y S TEM
J UR AS S I
CS Y S TEM
21
!
!
feet
2000
200 KILOMETERS
Qal
12
11
10
9
Qal
ER
2100
S tate h igh w ay
19
A
F
8
19
14
IV
?
"
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! !
!
! ! !
! !
! ! ! ! !
!
!
! !
! ! ! ! !! !
! ! !
! ! ! !!
! !
! !!! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! !
! !
!
!
!
!!!
!
! !
!!
!
! !!!
!
!
!
! !
!
!
! ! !
!
! !
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
! !
! !
!!
! !
! !
!
! ! !
!
!
!!
!
! ! ! ! !
0
2000
2100
150
20
U.
S.
h igh w ay
J
I
ek
J
I
n
Qal
19
Tra
ns
port
a
t
ion
56
7
12
56
15
16
! !
!
Qds
0
100
17
!
!
!
!
!
!
! ! !
!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!
!!!
!
!
! !
! !! !!
! ! ! !
!
! !!
! ! !! ! ! !
T 22 S
Qds
0
21
50
!
H
Qt 1
11
0
18
Coun
ty seat
City
Local
ity
Buil
tup area
Y
X
0
22
Ql
!
!
!
36
35
T 23 S
2100
Coun
ty l
ine
Tow nsh ip/
ran
ge l
ine
S ectionl
ine
Nationalh istoric site boundary
!
10
L
K
Bound ariesa
nd Loc
at
ions
!
9
183
Ex pl
anat
ion
M ap sh ow s th e l
ocation
s of th e 2
4quadran
gl
es used inth e
digitalcompil
ationof th e Paw n
ee Coun
ty map. Th e in
dex
sh ow sth e n
amesof each in
dividual
7
.
5min
ute quadran
gl
e map.
200 MILES
8
!
!
2000
4
!
!
!
! !
!!
! ! !
! !
!
! !
! !
!
!
!
Qss
Qss
R 18 W
5
!
100
0
Hu
Kd
R 19 W
28
29
Qds
Qal
T 22 S
T 23 S
Qss
Cr
-99°22'30"
Graneros Sh
! ! !
!
0
EDWARDSCO
R 19 W
!
! !
!
210
2200
Ql
00
20
30
25
Qp
36
Qal
Ql
!
Qds
2000
Ql
R 20 W
33
!
!
! !
26
27
28
29
Pic
35
Qp
I
nd e x t
o 1:
24,
000s
c
al
e U SGSquad rangl
e m aps
150
S and dunes
!
Hartland Sh
Lincoln Ls
Qss
210
0
34
2200
100
Loessand riverval
l
eydeposits
!
Carlile Sh
Chalk
2000
0
50
Hol
ocene -Pl
eistocene S eries
!
Fairport Ch
! !
0
33
Ql
-99°30'
!
Kc
2000
Qss
Qp
Qal
No
Q UATER NAR Y S Y S TEM
!
!
Qds
0
22
230
32
Ql
GENERALI
ZED GEOLOGY OF KANSAS
2050
!
Kgg
23
ard
ll
35
34
T 23 S
!
!
!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !
! ! ! ! !
!
Qt 1
Qp
31
Ql
SCALE 1:5,000,000
!
!
! !
Qal
22
0
mi
33
36
!
!
! !
! ! ! !! !
!
! ! ! ! ! !!
!!!
!
!! !
Qal
Qal
LOCATI
ON DI
AGRAM
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
38°07'30"
Ham burg
Qp
Kd
Kgg
!
!
!
!
!
Undifferentiated
sandstone or siltstone
Qds
KA
30
25
Qal
No
Kgg
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ogallala Fm
!
!
!
!
Bentonite
ek
bb
30
7
2100
!
!
!
!
!
!
Pfeifer Sh
Qds
Ql
32
No
!
!
!
!
!
Qp
25
26
27
Ql
Ql
!
!
12
Qt 1
Ql
!
!
!
!
!
Garf
ie l
d
2150
!
!
!
!
!
S
!
Kc
!
! !
!
Qds
A
NS
Qal
Kc
!
!
!
Qt 1
Qp
00
21
6
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
A'
M
&
2100
28
Ql
Qal
T 22 S
2200
!
!
!
!
!
!
Limestone
e
Cr e k
OK
Qp
Ql
Ql
Qal
Ql
!
!
!
!
!
19
A
F
0
Qp
Qp
24
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Qt 1
A
0
Qp
23
!
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
2000
0
21
Qp
Ql
Kd
31
2250
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
20
0
22
!
!
!
!
!
0
21
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
20
0
Ql
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Qss
0
29
Ql
2300
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Qt 1
Qal
0
Qal
0
!
!
J
I
Qal
!
Qal
5
6
0
20
Qt 2
Sa w
50
!
!
!
!
! ! !
k
ee
0
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
56
Ql
0
21
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
0
10
9
8
7
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
No
Qal
Kgg
50
!
!
!
!
!
!
Qds
A
Qal
0
21
Cr
&
1
Qal
Qp
21
0
19
Qal
Qt 2
R 20 W
!
!
!
!
T 22 S
!
!
!
!
Qt 1
Ql
24
Kgg
!
!
Shale
!
!
!
!
T 21 S
!
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
2000
14
Ql
Kgg
B
C
Qal
Qal
30
12
Qt 1
Qt 2
Kgg
2
RIV
Cr
23
!
Terraces
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
H
C re
15
0
220
0
Qal
11
!
0
220
10
Qal
m i ll
Kgg
3
4
!
H
20
0
19
A RK AN S A S
0
9
Kgg
Sa w
Ql
Riv e
r
Qal
5 Friz
el
l
6
Qal
k
22
!
!
!
Ray
0
16
Qt 1
21
!
!
Qss
22
0
20
36
STAFFORDCO
19
Qt 1
Qt 1
D
Ql
0
210
38°07'30"
35
Qt2
Qss
Qal
8
Kd
No
!
!
!
Qt 1
Qp
ee
34
Qp
Qp
Kgg
33
Unconsolidated
silt and clay
Qds
20
0
11
Qal
0
Sa w m
10
9
17
18
13
Kgg
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! !
!
!
0
il l
8
Qt 1
Qp
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
2000
7
Ql
Qal
!
!
M
Ql
14
32
31
36
35
Qt 1
RO A
3
Qal
15
34
Qt 1
Qt 1
16
33
Y
X
Kd
264
B
C
Ql
0
17
Larn e d
32
Qt 1
Pickle
2
Kgg
18
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
0
3
0
22
220
0
31
35
Qal
20
0
4
5
0
6
210
0
230
Ql
36
34
Qal
Ql
Kgg
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Qal
2200
Qal
Kgg
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Qds
00
20
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! ! !
!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Kd
Pa wnee
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! !
Sandstone or sand
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
200
0
210
0
RAIL
Qp
21
0
0
33
SA S
!
!
! !
!
Qt 1
!
!
!
!
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
! !
!
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Qp
12
Ql
!
!
!
! !
!!
!
25
!
!
!
!
Qp
11
10
9
Kgg
R
2000
Ql
2100
Kd
8
26
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Qt 1
7
27
!
!
!
156
B
C
Qal
Qal
28
29
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
VE
Sheet sand
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Qp
2000
220
KAN
H
Sanf
ord !
Qal
Qal
Ql
R 21 W
FOR T LAR NED
NATI
ONAL
HI
S TOR I
C
32
SI
TE
Ql
Kgg
Qal
!
Unconsolidated silt,
sand, and gravel
S
KA
31
O KL
1
2
3
Qal
Lithologic Explanation
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Qt 1
r
Ql
4
wn e e
00
21
ek
Qal
26
27
28
2000
Ql
5
!
Qt 1
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0
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M cLaugh l
in,T.G.
,1949,Geol
ogy and groundw aterresources of Paw nee and Edw ardscounties,Kan
sas:Kansas
Geol
ogicalS urvey,Bul
l
etin80
,189p.
;h ttp:
/
/
www.
k
gs.
k
u.
edu/
Gen
eral
/
Geol
ogy/
Paw nee/
index .
h tml
.
Map Label
NESSCO
Ql
eb
Qal
Kgg
!
H
14
Ql
As
h Val
l
ey
ee k
Ql
22
15
0
Kgg
22
16
M cKel
l
ar,T.R .
,1962,
Th e Codel
lsandston
e(
UpperCretaceous)of Kansas:Unpubl
ish ed M .
S .th esis,Un
iversity
of Kansas,92p.
S and and gravel
,used primaril
y forroad metal
,
are min
ed from terrace and al
l
uvialdeposits inth e Paw nee R iver
and Ark
ansas R iver val
l
eys inPaw nee Coun
ty (
M cLaugh l
in,1949
;Kansas Geol
ogicalS urvey,201
4b)
.Th e
Fencepost l
imeston
e bed of th e Green
h ornLimestone h istorical
l
y h as beenused forfen
ce posts and buil
ding
stone.
Th e Dak
ota Formationw as al
so used forbuil
ding material
(
M cLaugh l
in
,1
949
;Kel
l
erLynn,2008
)
.
Ql
17
M andel
,R .D.
,1994,Hol
ocene l
andscape evol
utioninth e Paw nee R iverval
l
ey,south w esternKan
sas:Kansas
Geol
ogicalS urveyand Kan
sas S tate HistoricalS ociety,
Bul
l
etin236,
117p.
MI
NERALRESOU RCES
0
21
0
21
kl
0
22
20
0
220
Kc
19
Coc
0
220
Kgg
Ql
18
Ql
Qal
Ql
0
220
Kgg
Kgg
13
14
15
As h
Kgg
Ql
Qal
16
Qal
Kgg
12
Kgg
BARTON CO
Kc
11
2100
2200
Ql
18
Qal
Qal
Kgg
0
Kgg
10
9
Kel
l
erLynn,K.
,2008,Geol
ogic resource eval
uationscoping summary Fort Larned NationalHistoric S ite,
Kan
sas: Nation
al Park S ervice, h ttp:
/
/
www.
n
ature.
nps.
gov/
geol
ogy/
inventory/
publ
ications/
s_summaries/
FOLS _GR E_scoping_summary_2008
0919.
pdf.
Th e south east portionof th e county is dominated by w indbl
ow nl
an
dforms,in
cl
uding dunes,sh eet san
ds,and
bl
ow outfeatures.S mal
l
,l
ocal
ized l
ak
esformw h enw atercol
l
ectsinth e bl
ow outdepressions.
RI
15
Ql
0
Qp
Qal
Kgg
2200
16
2200
17
0
21
Kgg
Kc
Kgg
Qal
0
Kc
13
Kgg
8
Qal
Kc
Ql
7
12
Kc
Kc
0
22
18
Qal
Qal
Kc
Ql
Kgg
Qal
Kgg
Kgg
Wal nu t
Kgg
Kgg
Kgg
1
C E N O Z O I C
Qal
Qp
11
r ee k
Ql
10
2
Qal
M E S O Z O I C
9
220
0
8
Kgg
3
2000
7
4
Kc
0
2200
Kgg
12
5
Ql
0
22
11
6
Kc
Qal
Ql
10
9
1
Ql
Q U A T E R N A R Y
Ql
C re e k
Kgg
2200
Qal
8
2
Kc
Qal
Kc
7
3
Cr
Kgg
Kc
4
NEOGENE
5
Kc
C R E T A C E O U S
6
Ql
!
H
Kgg
ur
1
Epoch /
Series
PERIOD /
SYSTEM
ERA /
ERATHEM
Kc
Kc
Vaugh n 2
3
H o l o c e n e
Kc
Qal
Kc
4
Kan
sas Geol
ogicalS urvey,201
4d,Paw n
ee County— W ater w el
lcompl
etion records (
W W C5)Database:
h ttp:
/
/
www.
k
gs.
k
u.
edu/
M agel
l
an
/
W aterW el
l
/
index .
h tml
.
-
Qal
5
ee k
Ql
Ql
6
Kan
sas Geol
ogicalS urvey,201
4c,Paw nee County— Oiland gas production
,h ttp:
/
/
www.
kgs.
k
u.
edu/
PR S /
County/
nop/
paw n
ee.
h tml
.
P l e i s t o c e n e
Qal
Qal
Ql
1
Ql
D
Ql
GeoKansas: Kansas Geol
ogical S urvey,
Kan
sas Geol
ogicalS urvey,201
4b,Paw nee County;in, KGS Directory of Kan
sas I
ndustrialM in
eralProducers,
h ttp:
/
/
www.
k
gs.
k
u.
edu/
M agel
l
an
/
M ineral
s/
index .
h tml
.
Fl
uvialerosionand dissectionof th e surficialgeol
ogyby streams are th e primary control
s onth e geomorph ol
ogy
of th e area and h ave resul
ted inth e devel
opment of th e w ide Ark
ansas R iver an
d Paw n
ee R iver val
l
eys.
Numerous smal
l
er creek
s dissect and drainth e upl
and regions inth e north ernand south w est portions of th e
county.Th e Paw n
ee R iveris th e l
argest tributary to th e Ark
ansas R iver.Earl
y travel
ers and sol
diers stationed at
FortLarned onth e S anta Fe Trailused th e Paw nee R iverand one of its ox bow l
ak
es as naturalprotectionforth e
fort (
Kel
l
erLynn,2008)
.Th e fort’s buil
dings w ere buil
t out of san
dstone from th e Dak
ota Formation,w ith
w indow sil
l
s made from th e Fen
cepost l
imeston
e bed of th e GreenhornLimestone.S andstone from th e Dak
ota
w as quarried atJ enk
ins Hil
labout2.
5mi (
4.
0k
m)eastof th e FortLarned Historic S ite (
Kel
l
erLynn,2008)
.
T 20 S
Ql
Ql
2000
Co ck l e b
Qp
2
Qal
Kgg
Kan
sas Geol
ogical S urvey, 201
4a, S moky Hil
l
s; in,
h ttp:
/
/
www.
k
gs.
k
u.
edu/
Ex tension/
smoky/
smoky.
h tml
.
Miocene - Pliocene
3
4
Hattin,D.E.
,19
75,S tratigraph y and depositionalenvironment of th e GreenhornLimestone (
UpperCretaceous)
of Kansas:Kan
sas Geol
ogicalS urvey,Bul
l
etin209
,128p.
;h ttp:
/
/
www.
k
gs.
k
u.
edu/
Publ
ications/
Bul
l
etins/
209
/
index .
h tml
.
C r e t a c e o u s
5
6
Hattin,D.E.
,1965,S tratigraph y of th e Graneros S h al
e(
UpperCretaceous)incentralKansas:Kan
sas Geol
ogical
S urvey,Bul
l
etin17
8,83p.
U p p e r
1
Hattin,D.E.
,1962,S tratigraph y of th e Carl
il
e S h al
e(
UpperCretaceous)inKan
sas:Kansas Geol
ogicalS urvey,
Bul
l
etin156,
155p.
;h ttp:
/
/
www.
kgs.
k
u.
edu/
Publ
ications/
Bul
l
etins/
156
/
index .
h tml
.
Group
2
Qal
Qal
R 15 W
R 16 W
21
0
3
T 19 S
2100
4
Qal
Kgg
-99°07'30"
R 16 W
Qal
ry
5
Ql
Qal
Kc
Ql
Qal
Kc
Kc
Qal
Ql
0
200
Ql
6
Ql
Fish el
,V .C.
,1952,Groun
dw aterresources of Paw n
ee V al
l
ey,Kansas:
Kansas Geol
ogicalS urvey,
Bul
l
etin94,
144p.
;h ttp:
/
/
www.
k
gs.
k
u.
edu/
Publ
ications/
Bul
l
etins/
94/
index .
h tml
.
C o l o r a d o
Qal
Ql
Ql
Arbogast,A.F.
,1998,Late Q uaternary pal
eoenvironments and l
andscape evol
utiononth e Great Ben
d S and
Prairie:KansasGeol
ogicalS urvey,Bul
l
etin24
2,74p.
!
Kc
2100
Qal
R 17 W
0
2100
0
23
RU SH CO
2200
R 18 W
R 19 W
2100
-99°22'30"
R 19 W
0
T 20 S
R 20 W
21
0
Ql
-99°30'
2200
T 19 S
1,
955k
m2)(
M cLaugh l
in,1949
)
,of w h ich about0.
38
Paw nee Coun
ty covers anarea of approx imatel
y 755mi2(
2
2
mi (
0.
98k
m)
,or0.
0
5
%,is surface w ater.Th e surficialsedimentary rock
s are Cretaceous to Neogene inage and
are dominated by sh al
es,ch al
k
y sh al
es,ch al
k
s,ch al
k
yl
imestones,an
d some sandstone.Th e dip of th e strata is
general
l
y to th e w est.Th e ol
dest rock
s ex posed inth e area— from th e Dak
ota Formation
— w ere deposited ina
nearsh ore environment th at w as subsequen
tl
y covered by seas represen
ted by th e depositionof th e Graneros
S h al
e,GreenhornLimeston
e,and Carl
il
e S h al
e(
M cLaugh l
in,1949
)
.
Th e Ogal
l
al
a Formation
,th e youngestunit,
w as deposited by streams th at carried debris from th e R ock
y M ountain
s(
M cLaugh l
in,1
949)
.
Th e un
conformity
betw eenth e Cretaceous an
d Neogene rock
srepresents a period of erosionand/
ornon
depositionth atl
asted about
75mil
l
ionyears.Unconsol
idated material
soverl
ying th e Neogene and Cretaceous rock
s— l
oess,sh eetsand,dune
sand,pl
aya deposits,terraces,an
d al
l
uvium— are Pl
eistocene and Hol
ocene inage.Curren
tl
y,al
l
uvium is being
deposited al
ong streambeds,and some dune areash ave active bl
ow outs.
Paw nee Coun
ty is represen
ted by th ree ph ysiograph ic regions:th e S mok
y Hil
l
s,High Pl
ains,and Ark
ansas R iver
Low l
ands.Th e area north of th e Paw nee R iverl
ies w ith inth e S mok
y Hil
l
s(
S ch oew e,1949
)
,w h ich tak
e th eir
name from th e h aze th atsometimes forms inth e val
l
eys inth e earl
y morning (
Kansas Geol
ogicalS urvey,
2014
a)
.
Th e south w est portionof th e county l
ies w ith inth e High Pl
ain
s ph ysiograph ic region.Th e Ark
ansas R iver
Low l
ands,rough l
y defin
ed as th e area south east of th e Ark
ansas R iver,w as created by fl
uvialerosionand
depositionoverth e past 10mil
l
ionyears (
M cLaugh l
in,1949
;S ch oew e,1949
)
.Paw nee County is rel
ativel
y fl
at
and h as max imum topograph ic rel
ief of about 3
80ft (
116m)(
M cLaugh l
in,194
9)
.Th e h igh esttopograph ic area
(
approx imatel
y 2,
300 ft [701 m])is l
ocated in th e south w est part of th e county.Th e l
ow est el
evation
(
approx imatel
y 1,
920ft[5
85m])occurs w h ere th e Ark
ansas R iverex its th e county atth e Barton
Paw nee county
l
in
e.
R 18 W -99°15 ' R 17 W
2200
R 20 W
CI
TEDREFERENCES
GEOMORPHOLOGY
Computercompil
ationand cartograph y byJ oh nW .Dunham,Ch ristoph erR .
Biek
er,
Hil
l
ary C.
Crabb,
S cottT.Kl
opfen
stein
,Ch arityM .Ph il
l
ipsLander,R .
Z ane Price,
J orgina A.R oss,an
d Geral
d W righ tI
I
I
R 21 W
GENERALGEOLOGY
1900
!
!
!
PAWNEE CO
1850
STAFFORD CO