ASEAN Study for APIS Yeong Ro, LEE

ASEAN Study for APIS
Yeong Ro, LEE
[email protected]
Introduction
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Why APIS ?
“Countries’ commitment to utilize ICT as
an essential tool for achieving the new
Sustainable Development Goals at a
high-level meeting of the UN General
Assembly”
- UNITED NATIONS, 16 Dec.2015 -
“Today, more than 80% of households in developed countries
have internet access. Meanwhile, two out of three households in
developing countries do not”
“Strengthened policy environments and international cooperation
are needed to improve affordability, access, capacity-building,
investment and appropriate financing”
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Why ASEAN Study ?
* A study for ASEAN sub-region seems to be a litmus to
conjecture overall status of other sub-regions
* The methodology and outcome of ASEAN Study can be
referenced to other sub-regions
* Priority areas, action items derived from the ASEAN Study
will be applicable to other sub-regions
* Harmonized Integration of all the Sub-regional level
initiatives will be the reality of APIS
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The ASEAN ICT Masterplan 2020
- 15th ASEAN Telmin Meeting, November 2015-
New Initiatives
Initiative 2.1 Strengthen
Digital Inclusion in ASEAN
2.1.1 Create Initiatives to
Address Emerging or
Growing Digital Divides in
ASEAN
On-going Efforts from AIM 2015
Establish an ASEAN Broadband Corridor
Identify and develop locations in each AMS which offer quality
broadband connectivity
Enable seamless usage of broadband services and applications
across ASEAN to further connect and enhance the
development of ICT and other sectors
Promote the diversity of international connectivity among AMS
Initiative 4.1 Fostering
Broadband Access and
Connectivity
4.1.1 Reduce development
Disparities in Access and
Affordability to Broadband
Access and Improving ICT
Interoperability
Establish an ASEAN Internet Exchange Network
Establish a regulator-operator forum to develop a platform to
facilitate ASEAN Internet traffic
Facilitate peering amongst ASEAN Internet access providers to
improve latency and speeds as well as lower costs
Develop a Framework to Facilitate Transparent and
Harmonised ICT Regulations
Harmonise regulatory practices and ICT standards
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Common Topics
Topics on ICT
Common Key Words
Diversity of international connectivity
Seamless Infrastructure Networks and Backbone, Reliable Network
Well balanced Network
Fully integrated and coherent mesh configuration;
Uniform construction the use of Asian Highway, Trans-Asian railway and
power transmission
Single uniform network that offers quality-of-service guarantees
Missing Links, Cross Border Connectivity
Judicious mix of land and sea based fiber optic cables
ASEAN Internet Exchange Network, ASEAN IXPs
diversity of international connectivity
IP Transit /Peering
Cost of Transport back to the primary exchange
Heavy Reliance on IXP in advanced countries
International Back haul cost
Emergency Communications and Resiliency
Making Broadband Affordable(Less Than 5% of Average monthly Income)
Connecting Homes to Broadband
Getting People online
Bridge the digital divide within ASEAN
Improve Affordability
Universal Service Achieve/Universal Access
Increase Penetration
Regional Internet(IP)
Connectivity
Open access and non-discriminatory pricing
Network neutrality and scalability that allows participation by all
stakeholders
Geo-spatially Balanced
Connectivity
Low Cost and
Broadband Affordability
Open Access and Network
Neutrality, Policy
Universality
Single Telecom Market
ASEAN Single Telecommunications Market
Making Broadband Policy Universal(ITU)
Enabling Environment, Capacity building
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Conceptual Image of APIS
A
State
Contents and
Delivery Service
Independent CP
IDC
B
Content Servers State
CDN
Neutral IXPs
Open/Neutral IXPs
(ITEC)
Policy and
Regulation Registry
Policy Portal
Terrestrial Fiber(Land Based)
Broadband
Backbone Network
(TBBC + Submarine)
Submarine Cable(Sea Based)
Potential Focal Area
Filling the Missing Links
identified
Regional Terrestrial
Broadband Backbone
Seamless Cross Border
Connectivity
e-resilience
Open Access
Policy
Harmonization
Terrestrial Broadband
Backbone Connectivity
(TBBC)
8
Internet Traffic
Exchange Connectivity
(ITEC)
Open/Neutral Access to IXPs
Establishing More Regional
IXPs and Local IXPs
Local Traffic Exchanged Locally
Regional Traffic Exchanged
Regionally
Cross Border IP Traffics and Quality
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Systems for Traffic and Quality Test
Between a source and a target node, speed and latency tests were performed
10 times using ‘Ookla’ Test System, hop counts and routing distances using
‘NetinfoTrace’, an open source software
Source Nodes on TEIN
Target Nodes ; Ookla servers
Jakarta, Indonesia
(Telekomunikasi Indo, Biznet, CBN,
Qiandra Information )
Indonesia
(AS18007)
Vientiane, Lao PDR,
( Lao Telecom )
Phnom Penh, Cambodia,
( MekongNet )
Malaysia
(AS24514)
Yangon Myanmar,
( Redlink Communications )
Commercial
Network)
Singapore
(Singtel, Viewqwest Pte, SGIX)
Philippines
(AS9821)
Manila, Philippines,
( SKY Broadband, Dunham Bush International
Hanoi, Vietnam
(Viettel)
Thailand
(AS24475)
Bangkok,Thailand
(Shama Thunder, Internet Thailand PCL,
PEA, CS LOX INFO)
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
( U-Mobile, Maxis )
Brunei
(DST Comm )
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Key Findings – Down Load Speed
Big Gap in Down Load Speed was observed among
ASEAN countries ; Average Down Load Speed was less
than 25Mbps.
120
100
Mbps
80
Average
25Mbps
Line
60
40
20
0
TH
PH
MA
IN
a
25.8
24.8
33.7
b
14.6
23.7
24.4
c
50.1
7
0.4
d
40.4
24.7
32.2
e
13.9
4.5
19.6
f
18.5
0.15
2
g
24
6.5
0.3
h
15.5
12.5
3.9
i
10
2.7
16
j
34.3
6.9
29.8
2.2
4.6
1.4
2.1
1
1.7
1.5
1.5
2.3
4
Key Findings – Up Load Speed
180
160
140
Mbps
120
100
80
Average
25Mbps
Line
60
40
20
0
a
TH 31.5
PH 42.9
MA 39.8
IN
5.9
b
22
46.6
27.4
15.1
c
43.1
20.8
4.9
6.3
d
42.2
55.1
52.8
7
e
39.2
7.6
2.2
2.6
f
4.3
0.02
6.6
3
12
g
20.8
5.4
3.8
3.6
h
35.1
39.1
31.4
3.6
i
6.2
2.6
48.1
5.8
j
31
2.4
50.3
14.9
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Key Findings – Latency
Gap in Average Internet Latency or Number of Hops was
also observed ; more than 100msec in 3 countries, less than
50msec in 2 countries
600
500
msec
400
Average
100msec
Line
300
200
100
0
a
b
c
TH 101.8 226.3 15.9
PH 112.1 129.6 123.5
MA 53.6 158.4 120.1
IN 77.5
7.6
56.9
d
40.1
66.8
7.5
63.6
e
f
g
74.4 89.1
80
145.1 156.6 106.7
79.7 63.3 228.4
130
77.1
116
h
82.9
93.5
79.1
98.6
i
143.8
136.1
31
74.4
j
49.7
71.3
46.3
18.4
Key Findings – Routing Distance
Higher than 5 times more traffic travelling distance than actual
Straight Line Distance was observed in 7 of 10 countries
Sum of Tromboning Index
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
TH
PH
MA
IN
a
11.5
13.6
2.2
1.2
b
2.3
2.1
33.9
1.5
c
1.7
13.6
15.5
1
d
2
1.5
2.1
1
e
15.8
11.8
1.5
15.2
f
1.5
35
19
4.3
g
3.7
2
1.8
1.1
h
3.8
2.4
14
1
i
1.6
20.9
9.8
1.8
Average 5
j
Line
21
11.1
30.7
28
Key Findings – Traffic Routes
The traffic routes among ASEAN countries seem to be unnecessarily
long. In some countries, even domestic traffic has to travel long way..
Routing Map
EU
EU
US
[ID]
Indonesia
[MY]
Malaysia
[VN]
Vietnam
LA
[KH]
Cambodia
PH
[MM]
Myanmar
[LA]
Laos
[PH]
Philippines
[SG]
Singapore
[BN]
Brunei
MM
HK
TH
VN
KH
MY
SG
BN
ID
Desk Survey
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Cost
High Routes Price, High Transit Price, Lack of regional traffic exchange may
result in high monthly service price
10G Routes Prices
Inter-regional Transit Prices
Regional Transit Prices
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Monthly Internet Prices
Numbers of IXPs
7
50
6
40
USD ($)
8
60
5
4
30
20
10
3
0
2
1
0
•
17
* Source : Terabit Consulting, 2013, www.telegeography.com
http://www.submarinenetworks.com/news/global-bandwidth-pricing-trends
Year 2012 / Lowest options/ equipment &
installation fee excluded
IP Transit Prices continue rapid falling, but relatively high
discrepancies remain
10 GigE IP Transit Prices & Price Declines. For example, in
São Paulo, where most Internet traffic is ultimately
exchanged remotely in Miami, the median 10 GigE port
price fell only five percent compounded annually between
2012 and 2015 to $16 per Mbps per month. Service in
Sydney, for which a significant amount of Internet traffic
is exchanged in Los Angeles, also remains costly, at $18
per Mbps per month for a 10 GigE port in Q2 2015.
“While IP transit prices have reached extremely low levels
in principal markets, they scale considerably higher
outside of these core hubs,” said TeleGeography analyst
Erik Kreifeldt.
“Transport costs remain a primary factor in
this price disparity. As carriers expand IP
networks and distributors push content closer
to end-users, ISPs in remote markets will
become less exposed to those costs.”
Source: TeleGeography, September,2015
https://www.telegeography.com/press/press-releases/2015/09/09/ip-transit-pricescontinue-falling-major-discrepancies-remain/index.html
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[Ref.] Internet Transit Prices in competition market
- U.S. Internet Region -
Year
Internet Transit Prices
(in Mbps, min commit)
% Decline
2006
$50
per Mbps
33%
2007
$25
per Mbps
50%
2008
$12
per Mbps
52%
2009
$9.00
per Mbps
25%
2010
$5.00
per Mbps
44%
2011
$3.25
per Mbps
35%
2012
$2.34
per Mbps
28%
2013
$1.57
per Mbps
33%
2014
$0.94
per Mbps
40%
2015
$0.63
per Mbps
33%
Came to
below
US$ 1.0
Source: DrPeering.net
http://drpeering.net/white-papers/Internet-Transit-Pricing-Historical-And-Projected.php
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Percentage of Households with Internet
100
88
Penetration (%)
80
65.5
60
40
2014
Internet User
Penetration 2014
33.8
29.1
20
BB Home Penetration
Still High
disparity
among
countries
26.9
18.6
7.0 5.2
0
3.0
Source : The State of Broadband 2015: broadband for all, ITU, September 2015
20
Active Mobile-Broadband Subscriptions
per 100 inhabitants, 2014
Penetration (%)
200
156.1
150
Improved than
2013, but still
disparity among
countries
100
79.9
50
Penetration
58.3
34.7
31
28
14.9
14
4.6
0
Source : The State of Broadband 2015: broadband for all, ITU, September 2015
21
Missing Links in Terrestrial Fiber Optics
Terrestrial Cross-Border Fiber Connectivity has been undergone by country
to country basis or sub-regional programs. Still some missing fiber-optic
links and insufficient capacity are identified in the member countries
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Summary of Desk Survey
Even though fast state level ICT Infra buildup, still high link cost, high transit
cost, traffic tromboning(hairpin), high dependency on submarine cable, and
low broadband penetration all influence each other in a cycle, which means
improving one segment of the cycle will lead to betterment of the rest
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Direction toward 2025
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Vision and Goals
Broadband Commission’s
Target 2015
APIS Goals 2025
Collaboration/Dedicated
Advocacy/Overall
Below 5 % of monthly GNI pc
ICT Infra(Fiber) Goal – TBBC
Traffic Management Goal – ITEC
Quantity/Quality Target – Max.
Transit Price, Min. Speed, Max.
Tromboning Index, Max. Latency
Mostly LLDC
and LDC
Periodical Evaluation Mechanism
- Inter-Governmental Agreement
Quantified Goals - Korea’s Case(1990’)
Source : The State of Broadband, September 2015,
ITU & UNESCO
25-
Fiber Network ex> Network Plan, Gov ICT
Traffic Management ex> Neutral, local IXP
Speed per Home ex> 100Mbps
Price Level ex> U$30/month
2016-03-31
Evaluation Mechanism ex>ICT Act,
NIPC
As Is and To-Be
Seamless Terrestrial Fiber Optic Connectivity and Regional Internet
Exchange Network should be considered as key parts of Investment
Category
As-Is
To-Be
TBBC
Most countries are
interconnected with fiber
Some weak or insufficient
capacity observed
At least one direct land based fiber link to each
neighboring country
Regional Terrestrial Backbone Network, hybrid
mesh and ring
Center Node establishment for low cost and
reliable delivery of traffics
ITEC
Dependent on global transit
providers
Poor direct peering
Some countries no peering
among domestic ISPs
Direct bilateral peering/transit between
neighboring states
Intra/Inter Regional Transit Nodes
Domestic Traffic exchanged domestically
Infrastructure
&
ICT
Connectivity
Monthly Internet
Min 10 US$ (2012)
Transit Cost (US
Max 100 US$ (2012)
Transit Price
$/Mbps)
and
Average Down 0.2~43 Mbps
Quality
Speed
Up
0.3~57 Mbps
Latency (msec) 13~363 msec
Tromboning
1~34
Index
less than 2 US$
* re-adjustable year by year considering
the fair market price; in 2015, Min < 2
US$ in US, Europe Market
More than 25 Mbps
More than 25 Mbps
less than 100 msec
less than 5
2016-03-31
[ Action Item 1] Highly Integrated Regional Transport Backbone
Hybrid Ring and Mesh type of Backbone can be considered.. To select regional hub
or center nodes for stability and efficiency, geographical location, domestic
infrastructure, traffic production amount and easiness of international connectivity
are the important factors
Illustration of Transmission
Network(Hybrid ring and mesh)
Regional Center Nodes
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[Action Item 2] Internet Exchange Points
To Establish Neutral IXP centers that are connected by dual ring,
aggregated sub regional (South, East, West) traffic volume, links to
Global Transit Points. IXP Governing organization for IXP operation
should be required
Inter-Regional IXPs
Intra-regional IXPs
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* Concept of Network Operating Center
The Next Works ..
Feasibility study and Infra Design for the Asia Pacific Region
- In-depth study for Establishing Asian Regional IXPs in 2016
Inter-Governmental Study (or Steering) Group for the in-depth
survey on APIS
- Integrating TACIM, SASEC, ABC, GMS projects
- Overall Pictures of APIS and Rough Amount of Investment
Developing APIS Master Plan
- Mile stone and collaborative Action Items
- Preparing Draft of Inter-Governmental Agreement
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Thank You
Contact Information
Yeong Ro, LEE
[email protected]
31
Rationale of Goal Setting
Direct Internet interconnection
through The IXPs between
neighboring countries and
diversification of interconnection
regions
The goal is set to reduce the
traveling distance of traffic from
source to destination to less
than five times the straight-line
distance
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