...

Cattura e stoccaggio della CO

by user

on
Category: Documents
17

views

Report

Comments

Transcript

Cattura e stoccaggio della CO
7630;0*/,796.9(4405694(;0=,
&DWWXUDHVWRFFDJJLRGHOOD&2
6FHQDULR,QWHUQD]LRQDOH
HGHYROX]LRQHGHOTXDGURQRUPDWLYRLQ,WDOLD
7HVSV+»,YTV‹,ULYN`:[\KPLZHUK(UHS`ZPZ4HUHNLY>,*0[HS`
7HVSV:[VY[P‹,ULYN`(UHS`Z[>,*0[HS`
PU KHSS»PUNYLZZV KLSSH [LJUVSVNPH KP *H[[\YH L
:[VJJHNNPVKLSSH*6**:ULSKPIH[[P[VLULY
Y
NL[PJVKLSUVZ[YV7HLZLPS>,*0[HSPH*VTP[H[V
5HaPVUHSL0[HSPHUVKLS*VUZPNSPV4VUKPHSLKLSS»,ULYNPH
ZLN\LJVUH[[LUaPVULNSPZ]PS\WWPUVYTH[P]PL[LJUVSV
NPJP H LZZH JVUULZZP JVU Z[\KP JVUMLYLUaL L W\IISP
JHaPVUP
5LSS»V[[VIYLS»(ZZVJPHaPVULPUJVSSHIVYHaPVULJVU
(0+0* (ZZVJPHaPVUL 0[HSPHUH KP 0UNLNULYPH *OPTPJH L
.Y\WWV0[HSPH,ULYNPH.0,OHVZWP[H[VH9VTHSHJVU
MLYLUaH ¸*H[[\YH L :[VJJHNNPV KLSSH *6! L]VS\aPVUL
KLSX\HKYVUVYTH[P]VLWYVZWL[[P]LKPÄSPLYHPUK\Z[YPH
SL¹
0UX\LSSHVJJHZPVULPS>,*0[HSPHOHJOPLZ[VHPYLSH[VYP
KP LSHIVYHYL HY[PJVSP KP HWWYVMVUKPTLU[V Z\P [LTP [YH[
[H[P K\YHU[L S»PUJVU[YV 0 JVU[YPI\[P ZVUV YHJJVS[P ULSSH
W\IISPJHaPVUL¸*HYIVU*HW[\YLHUK:[VYHNL!SLNHSMYH
TL^VYRKL]LSVWTLU[HUKZ\WWS`JOHPUWLYZWLJ[P]LZ¹
ZLJVUKV]VS\TLKLSSHJVSSHUH**:J\YH[HKH>,*0[H
SPHLKLKP[HKH.0,
:
0SJVUJVTP[HU[LPTWLNUVULSTP[PNHYLNSPLMML[[PKLSS»HaPVUL
HU[YVWPJHZ\SS»HTIPLU[LPTWVYYnULSJVYZVKPX\LZ[VZL
JVSV\UYPWLUZHTLU[VKLNSPH[[\HSPZPZ[LTPKPWYVK\aPVUL
LULYNL[PJH]LYZVZVS\aPVUP[LJUVSVNPJOL¸SV^JHYIVU¹
3H*HYIVU*HW[\YLHUK:[VYHNLW\~YHWWYLZLU[HYL\UH
]HSPKHVWaPVUL![HSL[LJUVSVNPHH[[YH]LYZVSHJH[[\YHKLSSH
*6KH\UH]HYPL[nKPW\U[PKPLTPZZPVULJLU[YHSPHJHY
IVULLNHZUH[\YHSLWYVJLZZPPUK\Z[YPHSPX\HSPJLTLU[LYPL
LYHMÄULYPLLPSZ\VJVUÄUHTLU[VNLVSVNPJVJVUZLU[PYLI
ILKPYPK\YYLUV[L]VSTLU[LSLLTPZZPVUPULSSHWYVK\aPVUL
KPLULYNPHKHMVU[PMVZZPSPZ\SS»HTIPLU[L
3H **: K\UX\L W\~ JVZ[P[\PYL \UH [LJUVSVNPH Z[YH[L
NPJHSHJ\PKPTVZ[YHaPVULLKPMM\ZPVULZ\ZJHSHTVUKPHSL
ZHYnMVUKHTLU[HSLWLYJVUJPSPHYLSHZVZ[LUPIPSP[nHTIPLU
:JLUHYPVPU[LYUHaPVUHSL
5LNSP\S[PTPKPLJPHUUPPSJHYIVULOHZVKKP
ZMH[[VJPYJHSHTL[nKLSS»PUJYLTLU[VKLSSHKVTHUKHLULY
NL[PJHTVUKPHSL
3LMVU[PMVZZPSP[YHKPaPVUHSPOHUUVHZZPJ\YH[VMVYUP[\YLLSL[
[YPJOLHMÄKHIPSPLJVZ[HU[PHILULÄJPVKP\UTHNNPVYLHJ
JLZZVHX\LZ[HMVYTH¸UVIPSL¹KPLULYNPHKHWHY[LKLSSL
WVWVSHaPVUPKLSWPHUL[H
(SSVZ[LZZV[LTWVSLJLU[YHSPHJHYIVULLNHZUH[\YHSL
ZVUVZ[H[LLZVUV[\[[VYHYLZWVUZHIPSPKPNYHUWHY[L
KLSSLLTPZZPVUPHU[YVWPJOLKPNHZZLYYH./.ZTVUKPHSP!
JPYJHPSKLSSLLTPZZPVUPJVTWSLZZP]LKP./.ZZVUV
VNNPPTW\[HIPSPHSZVSVZL[[VYLJHYIVUPMLYV7LYPWYVZZPTP
]LU[PJPUX\LHUUPNSPZJLUHYPLSHIVYH[PPUKPJHUV\UZPNUP
ÄJH[P]VH\TLU[VKLSSHKVTHUKHJOLW\~YHNNP\UNLYLPS
L H X\LSSH KH[H JPYJH P K\L [LYaP KLSSL WYV
K\aPVUPZHYLIILYVHUJVYHHZZPJ\YH[LKHSSLMVU[PMVZZPSP0U
WHY[PJVSHYLWLYPSJHYIVULSLZ[PTLPUKPJHUV\UPUJYLTLU
[VKLSSHKVTHUKHKLSYPZWL[[VHPSP]LSSPKPJVUZ\TV
VKPLYUP0,(>,6-H[[VYP[YHPUHU[PKLSS»PTWPLNVKP
[HSL MVU[L ZHYHUUV! SH WYVK\aPVUL KP LULYNPH LSL[[YPJH L
HJJPHPV KLP WHLZP PU ]PH KP Z]PS\WWV *PUH L 0UKPH PU [L
Z[HUVUVZ[HU[LS»HZZLYP[HKPZWVUPIPSP[nHSSHKP]LYZPÄJHaPV
ULKLSSLMVU[PL\UTHNNPVYYPJVYZVHSSLMVU[PLULYNL[PJOL
YPUUV]HIPSP
JHVWLRQHHQHUJLD
#ECQN=-Q>>HE?=VEKJA4" &P=HE=ļ =N>KJ =LPQNA
=J@0PKN=CAġHAC=HBN=IASKNG@ARAHKLIAJP=J@OQL
LHU?D=EJLANOLA?PERAO‡
7630;0*/,796.9(440 5694(;
( 0=,
[HSLJVUSHJYLZJP[HPUJVTWYPTPIPSLKLSSHKVTHUKHLULY
NL[PJHNSVIHSL
5LS S»0U[LYUH[PVUHS,ULYN`(NLUJ`0,(OHLSHIV
YH[V\U»HTIPaPVZHYVHKTHWPUSPULHJVUNSPVIPL[[P]PKPYP
K\aPVULKLSSLLTPZZPVUPNSVIHSPKPNHZZLYYHWYL]PZ[LKHSSV
ZJLUHYPV ¸]PY[\VZV¹ WWT JOL JVTWVY[LYLIIL \U
H\TLU[VLZWVULUaPHSLKLSU\TLYVKLPWYVNL[[P**:ULS
TVUKVZPHULPWHLZP6,*+ZPHPUX\LSSPUVU6,*+
(SP]LSSVTVUKPHSLZPWYL]LKLJOLSLYLNPVUPJVUPTHN
NPVYPWV[LUaPHSPKPHWWSPJHaPVULWLYX\LZ[H[LJUVSVNPHZH
YHUUVNSP:[H[P<UP[PK»(TLYPJHLSH*PUH
0U,\YVWHPU]LJLPSY\VSVKLSSH**:uWYL]PZ[VYPTHULYL
THYNPUHSLÄUVHSHJH\ZHKLSSL[LTWPZ[PJOLULJLZ
ZHYPLWLYS»PTWSLTLU[HaPVULKLSSLYLJLU[PUVYTH[P]LZ\SSH
**:WLYWVPJYLZJLYLZPNUPÄJH[P]HTLU[LHS
5LS PS .SVIHS **: 0UZ[P[\[L OH JLUZP[V 3HYNL
ZJHSL 0U[LNYH[LK 7YVQLJ[Z 3:07Z PU MHZL KP Z]PS\WWV PU
[\[[VPSTVUKVYPZWL[[VHPJLUZP[PULS (KVNNP
ZVUVPWYVNL[[P3:07NPnVWLYH[P]PLHS[YPZVUVPUMHZL
KPJVZ[Y\aPVUL
#ECQN=)0&-OJAHIKJ@KĠ„
#KJPAġ1DA$HK>=H0P=PQOKB 0ġNALKNP$HK>=H
( SP]LSSV NLVNYHÄJV P WYVNL[[P ZVUV SVJHSPaaH[P ULS 5VYK
(TLYPJHPU,\YVWHPU(\Z[YHSPHPU*PUHULS
4LKPV6YPLU[LPU(ZPHLPU(MYPJH5LNSP\S[PTPKV
KPJPTLZPZVUVZ[H[PH]]PH[PK\LU\V]PWYVNL[[P!PU*HUHKH
)V\UKHY`+HTLULNSP:[H[P<UP[P2LTWLY*V\U[`:V[[V
PS WYVÄSV KLS ZVZ[LNUV ÄUHUaPHYPV HP WYVNL[[P JPYJH TPSPHYKPKPZVUVZ[H[PTLZZPHKPZWVZPaPVULKHPNV]LYUPKP
[\[[VPSTVUKVWLYP3:07Z.SP:[H[P<UP[PYHWWYLZLU[HUV
PSWHLZLJOLOHZ[HUaPH[VPSTHNNPVYU\TLYVKPMVUKP
TSK ZLN\P[P KHSS»<UPVUL ,\YVWLH TSK *PYJH PS
KPX\LZ[PMVUKPuZ[H[VHZZLNUH[VHZWLJPÄJPWYVNL[[P
:[H[VKLSS»HY[LKLSSL[LJUVSVNPL**:
:LIILUL SL [LJUVSVNPL WYVWVZ[L ULS JHTWV KLSSH **:
ZPHUV VNNP TH[\YL P THYNPUP WLY S»H[[P]P[n KP YPJLYJH HW
WHPVUV HUJVYH HTWP 3»HZWL[[V WPƒ PTWVY[HU[L Z\ J\P ZP
Z[HUUVMVJHSPaaHUKV[HSPH[[P]P[nYPN\HYKHSHKPTVZ[YHaPVUL
Z\ ZJHSH PUK\Z[YPHSL KLSS»HWWSPJHaPVUL KLSSL [LJUVSVNPL KP
**:PUPTWPHU[PHKHS[HPU[LUZP[nKPLTPZZPVUPX\HSP!JLU
[YHSPLSL[[YPJOL"YHMÄULYPL"JLTLU[PÄJPLHJJPHPLYPL
3LZVS\aPVUPHVNNPZ]PS\WWH[LWLYSHJH[[\YHZVUV[YL!WYL
JVTI\Z[PVULH[[YH]LYZVWYVJLZZPKPNHZZPÄJHaPVULVYL
MVYTPUNSH*6]PLULZLWHYH[HWYPTHKLSSHJVTI\Z[PVUL"
WVZ[JVTI\Z[PVULSHJH[[\YHH]]PLULH[[YH]LYZVS»HZZVY
IPTLU[VJOPTPJVKLSSH*6JVU[LU\[HULPM\TPKPJVTI\
Z[PVUL"V_`M\LSSHJVTI\Z[PVULH]]PLULPU\UHTIPLU[L
YPJJV KP VZZPNLUV JVU JVUZLN\LU[L WYVK\aPVUL KP NHZ
JVZ[P[\P[PKH*6JVUJVUJLU[YHaPVUPPU[VYUVH
L]HWVYK»HJX\H"\UH]VS[HJVUKLUZH[HS»HJX\HZPWYV
JLKLJVUSHZLWHYHaPVULKLSSH*6
7LY PS [YHZWVY[V KHP S\VNOP KP JH[[\YH HP ZP[P KP ZLX\LZ[YV
WVPWHY[PJVSHYLH[[LUaPVULKL]LLZZLYLWYLZ[H[HHSSHYLH
SPaaHaPVULNLZ[PVULKLSSLPUMYHZ[Y\[[\YLWPWLSPULZ
PUJVU
ZPKLYHaPVUL KP L]LU[\HSP WLYKP[L KP *6 0U M\[\YV ZHYn
WVZZPIPSLPUMH[[PJOLX\LZ[LPUMYHZ[Y\[[\YLKLIIHUVH[[YH
0&JOPEPQPA
]LYZHYL HUJOL aVUL KLUZHTLU[L WVWVSH[L K\UX\L SH
SVYVHMÄKHIPSP[nKP]LYYn\UYLX\PZP[VPUKPZWLUZHIPSL
7LYX\HU[VYPN\HYKHSHMHZLKPZ[VJJHNNPVPU]LJLSLZV
S\aPVUP WYH[PJHIPSP ULS IYL]L [LYTPUL YPN\HYKHUV SL MHSKL
HJX\PMLYLZHSPULLPNPHJPTLU[PLZH\Z[PKPPKYVJHYI\YP
3»H[[P]P[n KP YPJLYJH u VNNP TVS[V PTWLNUH[H ULSS»V[[PTPa
aHaPVULKLPWYVJLZZPJVUPSK\WSPJLVIPL[[P]VKPTPNSPVYHYL
SL[YLMHZPKPJH[[\YH[YHZWVY[VLZ[VJJHNNPVLKPYPK\YYLP
JVZ[P
=LULUKVHPJVZ[PKLSSH**:KPZJVYZPZLWHYH[P]HUUVMH[
[P WLY SL [YL MHZP KP JH[[\YH [YHZWVY[V L Z[VJJHNNPV KLSSH
*6
5LSSHMHZLKPJH[[\YHS»HWWSPJHaPVULKLSSH**:HNSPPTWPHU
[PPUK\Z[YPHSPKL[LYTPUH\UZPNUPÄJH[P]VPUJYLTLU[VKLPJV
Z[PKPWYVK\aPVULKLSS»LULYNPHLSL[[YPJH3L]LSPZLK*VZ[6M
,SLJ[YPJP[`3*6,5LSJHZVKLSSHNLULYHaPVULKHJHYIV
7630;0*/,796.9(4405694(;0=,
ULLSPNUP[LZPWHZZLYLIILKHJPYJHÁ4>OULSSLJLU
[YHSPZLUaH**:HJPYJHÁ4>OPUX\LSSLLX\PWHNNPH[L
JVUJH[[\YHLZ[VJJHNNPVTLU[YLULSJHZVKLSNHZUH[\
YHSLZPWHZZLYLIILKHJPYJHÁ4>OHJPYJH Á4>O
<U\S[LYPVYLLSLTLU[VKHJVUZPKLYHYLWVPYPN\HYKHPS]H
W\~TVKPÄJHYLZLUZPIPSTLU[LP]HSVYPPUNPVJVULSSHJVT
WHYHaPVULKLPJVZ[PKPNLULYHaPVUL[YHPTWPHU[P[YHKPaPVUHSP
HSPTLU[H[PHJHYIVULLNHZUH[\YHSLLNSPZ[LZZPPTWPHU[P
LX\PWHNNPH[PJVU**:!HSJYLZJLYLKLSWYLaaVKLSSH*6
ZPYPK\YYLIILPUMH[[PPSKPMMLYLUaPHSLKPJVZ[V
#ECQN=) ,"EILE=JPE?KJAOAJV= 0
#KJPAġ1DA KOPOKB , =LPQNA1N=JOLKNP=J@0PKN=CA7ANK"IEOOEKJO-H=PBKNI
SVYLKLPWLYTLZZPKPLTPZZPVULKLSSH*6JOLZP]PLULH
MVYTHYLULSS»HTIP[VKLSS»,TPZZPVU;YHKPUN:JOLTL,;:!
TLJJHUPZTVJOLHZZVNNL[[HPSJVTWHY[V[LYTVLSL[[YPJV
<,LHS[YPNYHUKPPTWPHU[PPUK\Z[YPHSPHVIISPNOPKPYPK\aPV
ULKLSSLLTPZZPVUPKPNHZZLYYH0UMH[[PPSWYLaaVKLSSH*6
7LYX\HU[VYPN\HYKHSHMHZLKP[YHZWVY[VKLSS»HUPKYPKLJHY
IVUPJHSLVWaPVUPHKVNNPWLYJVYYPIPSPZVUVK\L!WPWLSPUL
VUZOVYLVVMMZOVYLLUH]L0UX\LZ[VJHZVPJVZ[PZVUV
Z[YL[[HTLU[LSLNH[PZPHHSSHKPZ[HUaHZPHHP]VS\TP[YHZWVY
[H[P
#ECQN= KOPE@EPN=OLKNPKEJP ,LANQJJAPSKNG@EPN=OLKNPKOQCN=J@AO?=H=?KJ?=L=?EP¸@E*P ,=JJK
#KJPAġ1DA KOPOKB , =LPQNA1N=JOLKNP=J@0PKN=CA7ANK"IEOOEKJO-H=PBKNI
JHVWLRQHHQHUJLD
7630;0*/,796.9(440 5694(;
( 0=,
=LULUKV PUÄUL HSSH MHZL KP Z[VJJHNNPV P JVZ[P ]HYPHUV
TVS[V KH Á H Á[*6 H ZLJVUKH KLS ZP[V JOL ZP
PU[LUKLYn \[PSPaaHYL MHSKL HJX\PMLYL ZHSPUL V NPHJPTLU[P
LZH\Z[P KP PKYVJHYI\YP KLSSH SVJHSPaaHaPVUL KLSSV Z[LZZV
VUZOVYL V VMMZOVYL KLSSH JHWHJP[n L KLSSL TVKHSP[n KP
PUPLaPVUL
8\HKYVUVYTH[P]VJVT\UP[HYPV
LYLJLWPTLU[VKLSSHKPYL[[P]HPU0[HSPH
*VUSHKPYL[[P]H *,KLSHWYPSL S»<UPVUL
,\YVWLH OH KLJPZV KP KHYL \UH JVYUPJL JVT\UL HP YL
NVSHTLU[PJOLKPZJPWSPUHUVSVZ[VJJHNNPVKLSIPVZZPKVKP
JHYIVUPV 3»0[HSPH WLYJVYYLUKV SH Z[YHKH [YHJJPH[H KHSSH
KPYL[[P]HJVT\UP[HYPHOHLTHUH[VPS+SNZKLSZL[[LT
IYLMY\[[VKP\UHZ[YL[[HJVSSHIVYHaPVUL[YH4PUPZ[L
YVKLSSV:]PS\WWV,JVUVTPJV4:,L4PUPZ[LYVKLSS»(T
IPLU[LH]]PH[HNPnKHS JVUSHJYLHaPVULKP\UNY\WWV
KPSH]VYVJVTWVZ[VKH[LJUPJPLZWLJPHSPZ[PJOLVWLYHUKV
ÄHUJVHÄHUJVJVUPWYPUJPWHSPZ[HRLOVSKLYZPZ[P[\aPVUHSP
JVU NSP LU[P KP YPJLYJH UHaPVUHSP L JVU SL WYPTHYPL YLHS[n
PUK\Z[YPHSPP[HSPHULOHSH]VYH[VHSSHZ[LZ\YHKLSSVZJOLTH
KPYLJLWPTLU[V
3H UVYTH[P]H H[[\HSL KLÄUPZJL KP]LYZP HZWL[[P JVUULZZP
HSSHYLHSPaaHaPVULKLPWYVNL[[PKPJH[[\YHLZ[VJJHNNPVZ\S
Z\VSV UHaPVUHSL ¶ [YH J\P P ZVNNL[[P WYLWVZ[P HS YPSHZJPV
KLSS»H\[VYPaaHaPVULSLTVKHSP[nKPYLHSPaaHaPVULKLNSPPT
WPHU[P PS TVUP[VYHNNPV L S»PZWLaPVUL S»PUKP]PK\HaPVUL KLS
ZP[VPKVULVSLMHZPKPJOP\Z\YHLWVZ[JOP\Z\YHSHYLZWVU
ZHIPSP[nKPS\UNVWLYPVKVLS»PUMVYTHaPVULHSW\IISPJV¶L
JVUZLU[PYn\UHNLZ[PVULHKLN\H[HKLSSVZ]PS\WWVKLPWYV
NL[[P**:PU0[HSPHKHWHY[LKLSSLPZ[P[\aPVUP
0U WHY[PJVSHYL JVU YPMLYPTLU[V HS [LTH ZLUZPIPSL KLSSH
YLZWVUZHIPSP[n ULSSH NLZ[PVUL L TVUP[VYHNNPV KLS ZP[V KP
Z[VJJHNNPVPUMHZLKPWVZ[JOP\Z\YHPS+SNZZ[HIPSP
ZJL JOL ZHYn YLZWVUZHIPSP[n KLS .LZ[VYL JVS\P JOL ZP u
VJJ\WH[VKLSSLMHZPKPPUPLaPVULKLSSH*6TVUP[VYHYLPS
ZP[V YLKPNLYL YLSHaPVUP PUMVYTH[P]L L HWWVY[HYL L]LU[\HSP
WYV]]LKPTLU[PJVYYL[[P]PÄUVHS[YHZMLYPTLU[VKLSSHYLZWVU
ZHIPSP[nHS4PUPZ[LYVKLSSV:]PS\WWV,JVUVTPJV;HSL[YH
ZMLYPTLU[VKPYLZWVUZHIPSP[nH]]LYYnPUVS[YLHSSVYJOtZHYn
]LYPÄJH[H SH Z\ZZPZ[LUaH KLSSL JVUKPaPVUP ULJLZZHYPL HK
HZZPJ\YHYLSHZ[HIPSP[nKLSZP[VULSS\UNVWLYPVKV"HWHY[PYL
KH HSSVYH PS 4:, ZP MHYn JHYPJV KLNSP VIISPNOP ZVWYHJP[H[P
KLS.LZ[VYL
<U HS[YV HZWL[[V PTWVY[HU[L YPN\HYKH SH ULJLZZP[n KP \U
HKLN\H[V JVPU]VSNPTLU[V KLSSL JVT\UP[n SVJHSP L YLNPV
UHSPUVUJOtSHSVYVJVZ[Y\[[P]HWHY[LJPWHaPVULHPWYVNL[[P
KPJH[[\YHLZ[VJJHNNPVKLSSH*6HMÄUJOt[\[[PPWVY[H
[VYPKPPU[LYLZZPVWLYH[VYPPUK\Z[YPHSPLJVT\UP[nSVJHSPUL
JVUKP]PKHUV L YPJVUVZJHUV PS Y\VSV KP W\IISPJH \[PSP[n 0S
JVTWP[V PU[YHWYLZV KHP TPUPZ[LYP L KHNSP VYNHUP HTTPUP
Z[YH[P]PWYLWVZ[PuWYVWYPVX\LSSVH[[YH]LYZV\UWYVJLZZV
[YHZWHYLU[LLWHY[LJPWH[P]VKPJVUZLU[PYLSHKPMM\ZPVULL
S»HJJL[[HaPVULKP[HSL[LJUVSVNPHJVUZ\JJLZZVHUJOLPU
0[HSPH
0S WYVZZPTV WHZZV UVYTH[P]V YPN\HYKLYn S»LTHUHaPVUL
LU[YVTLZPKHSSHW\IISPJHaPVULKLSZ\JJP[H[V+SNZ
KLP KLJYL[P H[[\H[P]P PULYLU[P [LTH[PJOL JOL OHUUV
YPJOPLZ[V \S[LYPVYP HWWYVMVUKPTLU[P! THWWH[\YH KLP ZP[P
PKVULP HSSV Z[VJJHNNPV KLSSH *6" [LYTPUP L TVKHSP[n KP
[YHZMLYPTLU[VKLSSHYLZWVUZHIPSP[nHS4:,KVWVSHMHZLKP
WVZ[JOP\Z\YH"TVKHSP[nKPYPSHZJPVKLSSLPZ[HUaLKPLZWSV
YHaPVULLKPZ[VJJHNNPV"KLÄUPaPVULKLSSL[HYPMMLNHYHUaPL
ÄUHUaPHYPLKV]\[LKHS.LZ[VYL
*VUJS\ZPVUP
:LIILULZPYLNPZ[YP\UJLY[VKPUHTPZTVHSP]LSSVPU[LYUH
aPVUHSLWLYPWYVNL[[PKP**:S»PTWSLTLU[HaPVULKPX\LSSP
NPnH]]PH[PLSHYLHSPaaHaPVULKLSSHZ\JJP[H[HYVHKTHW0,(
WV[YHUUVNP\UNLYLHJVTWPTLU[VZVSVZLZHYnHZZPJ\YH
[V KH WHY[L KLSSL PZ[P[\aPVUP PU[LYUHaPVUHSP L UHaPVUHSP \U
HWWYVWYPH[VZVZ[LNUVHSSHYPJLYJHLZ]PS\WWV[LJUVSVNPJV
HSSHMVYT\SHaPVULKP\UX\HKYVUVYTH[P]VJOPHYVLZ[HIPSL
LHPÄUHUaPHTLU[PULJLZZHYPULSSHMHZLPUPaPHSLKPKPTVZ[YH
aPVULKLSSH[LJUVSVNPHZ\ZJHSHPUK\Z[YPHSL
0UWHY[PJVSHYLJVUYPMLYPTLU[VHS[LTHKLPÄUHUaPHTLU[P
S»H[[\HSL JYPZP KLS KLIP[V KLP WHLZP 6JJPKLU[HSP KV]YLIIL
ZWPUNLYLPKLJPZVYPWVSP[PJPKPX\LZ[PZ[H[PHWYLKPZWVYYLZP
Z[LTP KP ZVZ[LNUV HKH[[P]P! PU NYHKV KP L]VS]LYZP KP WHYP
WHZZV JVU SH YPJLYJH L SV Z]PS\WWV KLSSL [LJUVSVNPL L
X\PUKPKPL]P[HYLZWYLJOPKPYPZVYZLLJVUVTPJOLJVT\U
X\LZJHYZL
+HSW\U[VKP]PZ[HUVYTH[P]VSHKPYL[[P]HJVT\UP[HYPHZ\SSH
JH[[\YHLZ[VJJHNNPVKLSSH*6LULSJHZVKLSS»0[HSPHS»LU
[YH[HPU]PNVYLKLS+SNZHWYVUVI\VULWYVZWL[[P]L
WLYSHYLHSPaaHaPVULKPWYVNL[[P[LZPHKPTVZ[YHYLZ\ZJHSH
PUK\Z[YPHSLS»HWWSPJHaPVULKLSSL[LJUVSVNPL**:
5VU IPZVNUH [\[[H]PH ZV[[V]HS\[HYL S»PTWLNUV JOL KV
]Yn HUJVYH LZZLYL WYVM\ZV KH WHY[L KLNSP Z[HRLOVSKLY
PZ[P[\aPVUHSPLPUK\Z[YPHSPULSSHJVT\UPJHaPVUL]LYZVSLWV
WVSHaPVUP ZJL[[PJOL ]LYZV SH NYHU WHY[L KLSSL PUPaPH[P]L
PUK\Z[YPHSPJOLJVPU]VSNHUVPS¸NPHYKPUVKPJHZH¹KP\UH
JVYYL[[HPUMVYTHaPVULZ\S[LTH**:0U[HSLHTIP[VZHYn
PTWVY[HU[L MVYUPYL KH[P VNNL[[P]P HSSL WVWVSHaPVUP L ZWPL
NHYLHUJOLSLPTWVY[HU[PPTWSPJHaPVUPJOLSHKPMM\ZPVULKP
X\LZ[L[LJUVSVNPLWVZZVUVH]LYLWLYPS[LZZ\[VPUK\Z[YPH
SLUHaPVUHSLHILULÄJPVKLSS»LJVUVTPHKLS7HLZL0UMH[
[P SH **: ZP JVUÄN\YH WLY PS ZPZ[LTH PUK\Z[YPHSL P[HSPHUV
JVTL \U»HYLUH JVTWL[P[P]H ULSSH X\HSL SL JVTWL[LUaL
[LJUPJOLKLSSLPTWYLZLUHaPVUHSPWV[YHUUVLZZLYL]HSVYPa
aH[L JVZ[P[\LUKV \U PTWVY[HU[L ]VSHUV WLY P ZL[[VYP WPƒ
H]HUaH[P KLSS»PU[LYV JVTWHY[V L YHWWYLZLU[HUKV X\PUKP
\U»VWWVY[\UP[nKPI\ZPULZZ
56;,
7LY S»HWWYVMVUKPTLU[V L SH JVUZ\S[HaPVUL KP Z[\KP
L H[[P KLSSL JVUMLYLUaL VYNHUPaaH[L KHS >,* 0[HSPH
Z\S[LTH**:ZPYPTHUKHHSZP[VPU[LYUL[^^^^LJ
P[HSPHVYN
:JLUHYPV 0,( JOL HS PWV[PaaH SP]LSSP KP LTPZ
ZPVUP WHYP H .[*6 V]]LYV PUMLYPVYP KP .[YPZWL[[VHSSP]LSSVPUKPJH[VULSSVZJLUHYPV¸5\V]L
7VSP[PJOL¹TPZ\YLLWVSP[PJOLLULYNL[PJVHTIPLU[HSP
HKV[[H[LZPUVHS3HYPK\aPVULKP.[KV
]YLIIL LZZLYL YHNNP\U[H NYHaPL HSS»LMÄJPLUaH LULY
NL[PJHHSSLYPUUV]HIPSPHPIPVM\LSZ
HSU\JSLHYLLHSSH**: 
Fly UP