Formaldehyde columns over Europe as a proxy for biogenic emissions
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Formaldehyde columns over Europe as a proxy for biogenic emissions
Formaldehyde columns from GOME as a proxy for biogenic emissions over Europe 2nd EGU General Assembly Vienna, April 24-29, 2005 Gabriele Curci, Guido Visconti Università degli Studi dell’Aquila – CETEMPS L’Aquila, ITALY http://cetemps.aquila.infn.it/ Paul I. Palmer, Tzung-May Fu U. L’Aquila Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group Harvard University CETEMPS OUTLINE • European Biogenic Emissions • Formaldehyde column over Europe as seen by GOME and GEOS-CHEM • Inverting the GOME HCHO column for Isoprene emissions • Conclusions and Outlook GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in Europe Gabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS 2 of 12 EUROPE FACTSHEET 7% world area Cold-Arctic • 33% forest • 43% agriculture • 24% other 13% population (680 mil.) 30% CO2 emissions Continental 20% NOx and VOC 40 countries Heavily man-shaped [Simpson et al., JGR 1999] GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in Europe Gabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS Mediterranean Only continent where ANTHRO > BIO emissions 3 of 12 EUROPEAN BIOGENIC EMISSIONS NMVOC: 13 Tg yr-1 GEOS-CHEM Isoprene Column in Summer NOx: 140-1500 Tg yr-1 • Unimportant on a global scale (7% area) • Local importance: Mediterranean, East, Scandinavia • Bio VOCs + anthro NOx: emission abatement strategies GEIA Emissions Biogenic emission inventories highly uncertain: up to a factor of 5! • Many countries [Simpson et al., JGR 1995] • Few observations • Different flora and fauna with respect to North America GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in Europe Gabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS 4 of 12 RELATING HCHO COLUMN TO VOC EMISSIONS hours OH HCHO hours h, OH VOC kHCHO HCHO EVOC = _______________ kVOCYieldVOCHCHO HCHO Isoprene a-pinene 100 km propane Distance downwind VOC source GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in Europe Gabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS [Palmer et al., 2001, 2003] 5 of 12 INVERTING GOME HCHO COLUMN FOR ISOPRENE EMISSIONS GOME Exploit the fast oxidation of isoprene to mark source regions looking at its product formaldehyde (HCHO) where the biogenic emissions > other GOME “slant” column HCHO column GOME vertical column 340x40 km2 res. global coverage 3 days GOME isoprene inventory Air Mass Factor GEOS-CHEM CTM model Harvard University [Bey et al. 2001, Martin et al. 2002] GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in Europe Gabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS EISOPRENE HCHO col. [Palmer et al., 2001, 2003] 6 of 12 WHAT CONTROLS HCHO COLUMN IN EUROPE? GEOS-CHEM HCHO Column in Summer v7-01-02 NO ISOP / NO ANTHRO Biogenic control of HCHO column: • Eastern Europe • Northern Europe • Iberian Peninsula • Turkey 0.4 (GEIA Emissions) GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in Europe Gabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS 1 BIOGENIC CONTROL 1.2 ANTHROPOGENIC CONTROL 7 of 12 NO CLEAR BIOGENIC SIGNATURE IN GOME HCHO VERTICAL COLUMN AS IN THE GEOS-CHEM MODEL GOME JUL 97 r = 0.50 GEOS-CHEM AUG 97 r = 0.46 GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in Europe Gabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS 8 of 12 GOME HCHO COLUMN IS QUALITATIVELY CONSISTENT WITH THE UPDATED MEGAN BIOGENIC INVENTORY MEGAN Isoprene Emissions July 2000 [Guenther et al.] GOME HCHO - July 1997 GEOS-CHEM (GEIA) Isoprene Emissions - July 1997 GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in Europe Gabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS 9 of 12 HCHO/NO2 COLUMN RATIO SHOWS ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS INFLUENCE Also following indications by Martin et al., [2003]: GOME HCHO column could be used as a proxy for isoprene emissions on Eastern Europe GOME HCHO and NO2 data: P. Palmer, M. Fu, R. Martin, K. Chance, T. Kurosu NOx-sat GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in Europe Gabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS NOx-sens 10 of 12 ISOPRENE EMISSIONS FROM GOME OVER EASTERN EUROPE - JULY 1997 GEOS-CHEM 0.4 Tg C Formaldehyde Column Relationship Isoprene Emissions and HCHO Column from the model GOME 0.2 Tg C non-isoprene contribution Emissions GOME HCHO andIsoprene biogenic emissions in Europe Gabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS 11 of 12 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK • Formaldehyde column from GEOS-CHEM (GEIA) differs from GOME over Europe • Use of GOME data as constraint on European isoprene emissions indicates a reduction of the flux. This is consistent with recent work (e.g. MEGAN) • To do next: – Careful estimate of the errors of the inversion method – Estimate isoprene emissions country by country for comparison with Simpson et al. [1999] – MEGAN inventory into the model – Seasonal cycle – Asses contribution of biomass burning over Greece and South Italy to HCHO column – Comparison of GOME HCHO with campaign data (MINOS, FORMAT) GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in Europe Gabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS 12 of 12 THE END Thanks for the attention! Gabriele Curci http://www.aquila.infn.it/people/Gabriele.Curci.html/ Università degli Studi dell’Aquila – CETEMPS L’Aquila, ITALY http://cetemps.aquila.infn.it/ U. L’Aquila CETEMPS