Comments
Description
Transcript
mziani guli
mziani guli bediT, xasiaTiT, cxovrebiT nodaris mxatvruli qmnilebebi Zalze hgvanan nodars, maT Semoqmeds, isini advilad ikvleven gzas mkiTxvelis gulisaken, xiblaven, ajildoeben da nusxaven adamianebs, irgvliv feierverkiviT afrqveven sixarulsa da sikeTes. amave dros, mis romanebSi da moTxrobebSi bevri tkivilia, Cumi, uTqmeli, TiTqos SeumCneveli tkivili, romelic metiCrulad ar geCxireba TvalSi da wina rigebSi ar ikavebs adgils. iseve, rogorc nodars, mis nawarmoebebsac axasiaTebT eqspansiuri, dampyrobluri Tvisebebi, advilad ipyroben qveynebs da xalxebs, oRond es eqspansia adamianis sulier sferos moicavs da amdenad yvela CvenTaganisaTvis Zalze sasiamovno, sasixarulo da saamayo procesia, radgan Seni megobari, Seni Tanamokalme, Seni Tanamemamule, TvalnaTliv xedav, sicocxleSive rogor ipyrobs sivrceebs. igi sikeTiT dapyrobil sivrceebze sixaruls Tesavs. es didi bednierebaa. bednierebaa ara marto mwerlisTvis, aramed misi xalxisTvis, misi qveynisTis, misi samSiblosTvis guram gverdwiTeli mziani guli ,,diax... diax Tqven xelovnuri guli ar gamogadgebaT, xelovnuri guliT Tqven ver icocxlebT...”_etyvis profesori baCana ramiSvils, nodar dumbaZis romanis ,,maradisobis kanonis” gmirs, profesiiT mwerals. Tavad nodar dumbaZem, samjer infarqtgadatanilma, sikvdil_sicocxlis zRrublze kategoriuli uari ganucxada mkurnal profesorebs xelovnuri stimulatorebis Cadgmaze, am gziT da saSualebiT araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar isurva arsebobis gaxangrZliveba. alewil_aforiaqebuli, TiTqos Seuracxyofili ki Canda am Temaze eqimebTan saubris Semdeg, radgan xelovnuri guliT cxovreba misTvis warmoudgeneli iyo. amis Semdeg sul male, ramdenime dReSi kidec daemSvidoba am qveyanas. ,,...xelovnuri guliT Tqven ver icxovrebT...”_es sityvebi gamoxataven yvelaze ubralo da yvelaze did aRiarebas, rac ki mweralma SeiZleba daimsaxuros. da gana marto mweralma? yoveli adamianisTvis, ra profesiisac ar unda iyos igi, amdagvari sityvebi misi arsebobis gamarTleba iqneba. ase gavlili xanmokle cxovrebac ki bevrad ufro lamazia da sikeTis kvalis dammCnevi, vidre xangrZlivi, Tundac dasrulebuli sicocxle, ufro zustad, fizikuri arseboba zogierTebisa, vTqvaT, iseTi pirebisa, rogoric aris redaqtoris moadgile imave romanSi, visac adamiani arc eTqmis. nodar dumbaZis romaSi profesors arc ufiqria medicinis saswaulebrivi progresis Tundac odnavi damcireba, miT ufro gabiabrueba. verc ifiqrebda, radgan Tavad aris erT_erTi saswaulmoqmedTagani. es sityvebi_,,xelovnuri guliT Tqven vr icocxlebT”,_ misi azriT mxatvruli, metaforuli gamoxatulebaa. xelovnuri guli aq civi, usiyvarulo gulis sinonimad aris naxmari da Cvenc SeuZlebelia, ar virwmunoT is martivi da maradiuli kanoni, rac genialuri poetis sityvebiT ase gamoiTqmis: usiyvarulod mze ar sufevs cis kamaraze, sio ar dahqris, tye ar krTeba sasixarulod... usiyvarulod ar arsebobs arc silameze, arc ukvdaveba ar arsebobs usiyvarulod. diax, yvela da yvelaferi keTili da adamianuri siyvarulis daRiT aris dasmuli, siyvarulis cecxliT aris STagonebuli, siyvarulis naTeliT aris gasxivosnebuli. da amas siyvaruliT aRgznebuli gulis feTqva sWirdeba, civi da xelovnuri guli amis Semoqmedad ar gamodgeba. humanizmis qadageba unayofoa, Tu mwerlis saTqmeli misi cxeli gulis gavliT ar midis mkTxvelamde, Tu misi sixaruli sulis yiJini ar aris, Tu misi mwuxareba tkiviliT dafleTili nervebidan ar gadmogvecema. auTrTolebeli, mSvidi, rituali, ai, iseTi guliT naTqvami sityva, rasac mkurnali sanimuSod miiCnevs, Tumdac ukeTilSobiles grZnobebsa da azrebze iyos daxarjuli, mkiTxvelisTvis igivea, rac kedels Seyrili cercvi. nodar dumbaZes ubralod Tbili, keTili. TanamgrZnobi, mosiyvarule guli ki ar hqonda, aramed mis guli savse iyo mzis simxurvaliTa da sinaTliT. igi mziani guliT daibada. nodar dumbaZe. es saxeli da gvari kargad aris cnobili saqarTveloSic, saqarTvelodan Sorsac da Zalian Sorsac. nodar dumbazis wignebi yovel qarTul ojaxSi icriceba gauTavebeli kiTxviT, bevri moZmis keris guliTadi, gaSinaurebuli stumaria, ucxo xalxebTan qarTuli mwerlobis Rirseuli mociqulia. misi wignebi gamosulia yvela moZme respublikaSi da yvela socialistur qveyanaSi, maTi gavrcelebis geografia msoflos yvela kontinents moicavs, TiTqmis yvela qveyanas swvdeba. mwerlis Semoqmedebas mkiTxvelis garda mayurebelic uamravi hyavs. nodar dumbaZis yoveli romani da, SeiZleba iTqvas, moTxrobebic ki umal idgmeboda scenaze, gadadioda ekranze da mravali milioni mayureblis kuTvnileba xdeboda, dResac mravalgan idgmeba misi prozauli nawarmoebebis mixedviT Seqmnili spektaklebi, uCveneben maT safuZvelze gadaRebul filmebs da ase yvelgan da yvelas swvdeba qarTveli mwerlis siTbo da sulis naTeli. aTasobiT werils iRebda mwerali. misi gardacvalebis Semdegac ar Semwydara werilebis nakadi. erTi ukraineli glexi mwerlisadmi gamogzavnil madlierebis baraTsi iwereboda, Tqveni wignis wyalobiT Cems ,,xataSi” siTbom da sixarulma daisadgurao. am sityvebSi ubralod da umniSvnelod aris gamJRavnebuli qarTveli mwerlis SemoqmedebasTan ziarebiT gancdili grZnoba. didi misnoba ar sWirdeba imis Tqmas, rom yvelgan, ruseTi iqneba Tu ukraina, somxeTi Tu nebismieri moZme respublika, iaponia Tu amerika, TurqeTi Tu sxva qveyana, sadac ki misi wignebi gamocemula, SeuZlebelia, mkiTxvelebs gulRiebsac da gulCaTxrobilebsac, msgavsi gancdebi ar hqonodaT. ar egrZnoT mwerlis sikeTiT, siyvaruliT savse gulis siTbo, adamianis Rrma rwmeniT gasxivosnebuli sevdiani iumoris nugeSi, xalasi niWis brwyinvaleba... diax, nodar dumbaZis gulSi da SemoqmedebaSi mze enTo da anTia. nodar dumbaZis Semoqmedebis gavlenis Zalas aTas rames miaweren: Rrmaadamianurobasa da kacTmoyvareobas, saTnoebasa da sikeTes, iumorsa da xalxurobas, naTel rwmenasa da da kidev bevr sxvas. mwerlis am ,,saidumloebaTa” CamoTvla amiT ar wydeba da arc SeiZleba Sewydes, radgan nodar dumbaZis Semoqmedebis masazrdoebeli sascocxlo ZarRvis daZebna da gamomzeureba Zneli da grZeli saqmea.aq mxolod imas vityvi, rom xSirad misi naTelis sikaSkaSiT TvalmoWrilni, damuxtuli grZnobebiT aforiaqebulni, iumoriT saxegabadrulnica da Tvalzecremlmoreulnic naklebad vufiqrdebiT imas, rom es yvelaferi mwerlis marto RvTiT momadlebul did gulsa da xalas niWs ki ar miewereba, aramed profesionalur ostatobaSi daxelovnebis Sedegicaa. qarTvel mweralTagan iSviaTad Tu rgebia vinmes iseTi popularoba, rogoric nodar dumbaZes xvda wilad. cxadia, aq WeSmarit popularobas vgulisxmob, mwerlis namdvil RirsebaTa sayovelTao aRiarebas rom niSnavs. mwerlis popularobis erT_erTi saimedo pirobaa uSualoba da ubraloeba, anu is macdunebeli grZnoba, roca amis Semxedvareni im iluzias verwmunebiT, rom amgvar cxovrebas mimsgavsebuli mxatvruli samyaros Seqmna arcTu Zneli Tu SeuZlebeli unda iyos. am macduri ubraloebiT moxibluls gvaviwydeba, rom mxolod didi niWisa da ostatobis wyalobiT, maTi SerwymiT Tu miiRweva, roca nawarmoebi im Rrma da ankara Was emsgavseba, romlis fskerzedac aSkarad vxedavT kenWebis moxazulobas da fersac. es siRrme da misi amgvari naTeli xilva mwerals, gansakuTrebiT prozaikoss, mxolod niWis wyalobiT ar dahyveba, igi niWTan erTad didi mecadineobiT, cxovrebis dawafebi, sxvaTa gamocdilebis ziarebiT Tu SeiZleba. es igrZnoba nodar dumbaZis SemoqmedebaSi, Tumca dRemde ar dagviZebnia safuZvlianad misi interesebis gammZafrebeli literaturuli wyaroebi, misi mwerluri ostatobis qrestomaTiuli Tu maluli saxelmZRvaneloebi. erTi Tvalis gadavlebiT jer mxolod oriod sityviT ASeiZleba imis Tqma, rom sruliad aSkaraa nodar dumbaZis Semoqmedebis sulis ganwyobilebis, maneris met_naklebi naTesaoba da gadaZaxili qarTul folklorTan, daviT kldiaSvilTan, firosmanTan, dikensTan, rogorc misi erT_erTi gmiri ityoda, qveynierebis mamasTan_servantesTan. ufro Rrmad Tu CavukvirdebiT, iqneb sxvac bevri SevamCnioT, Tumca isic namdvilia, rom xSirad verc dakvirvebuli Tvali swvdeba mwerlis Semoqmedebis qveSecneulad masazrdoebel yvela wyaros. is ueWvelic, rac erTbaSad xilulia da razec zemoT mivaniSne, sakmarisia imis sarwmunod, rom iseTi lokaluri samyaros asasaxavad da mxatvruli ganzogadoebis misaRwevad, rogoric dumbaZis SemoqmedebaSia, marto guriis an Tundac mTeli saqarTvelos masStabebi ar aris sakmarisi da mas gacilebiT farTo Tvalsawieri sWirdeba. nodar dumbaZis Semoqmedeba uaRresad qarTulia ara marto iq gamoxatuli garemoTi da xasiaTebit, cxovrebis wesiTa da CvevebiT, yvela mTavari da aramTavari mxatvruli komponentiT, aramed, rac mTavaria, qarTulia im fesvebiT, romliTac warulis erovnul kulturas ukavSirdeba da im maRla gantotvili gvirgviniTac, momavlis mwerlobas rom swvdeba winaparTagan STamomavlbiT miRebuli erovnuli sulisa da mrwamsis gadasacemad. nodar dumbaZis Semoqmedebaca da mTeli cxovrebac Tavisi erisa da qveynis siyvarulSia daxarjuli. amaSi araferia gasakviri, radgan erTisac da meorisac samsaxuri mwerlis upirvelesi da uwmindesi mcneba gaxldaT. am suliT xorcamde qarTveli mwerlis Semoqmedebis warmatebis mizei mSobliur qveyanaSi ioli gasagebia misi aSkarad da mSvenierad gamoxatuli erovnuli xasiaTis gamo. sxvaTa aranakleb cxoveli interesi, SesaZloa, vinmem ucxo samyaros yofisa da xasiaTis mimzidvelobis ZaliT axsnas. albaT, arc uamisobaa, magram mTavari mainc is aris, am ucxo garemoSi da ucxo gmirebiT dasaxlebul mxatvrul samyaroSi yoveli erovnebis mkiTxveli nacnobi, axlobeli gancdebisa da fiqrebis Tanaziari xdeba. radgan es samyaro uaRresad adamianuri da naTelia. swored am ganzogadoebis, erovnulidan zogadsakacobriomde amaRlebis ZalaSi, Rrma optimizmisa da humanisturi suliskveTebis upiratesad emociur, lirikul gamJRavnebaSia mwerlis gamarjvebis gasaRebi. es mSevenieri Tviseba nodar dumbaZis prozas Tavidanve dahyva. rodesac 1959 wels axladdaarsebul axalgazrdul Jurnal ,,ciskris” furclebze mwerlis pirveli romani ,,me, bebia, iliko da ilarioni” daibeWda, TiTqos Zneli warmosadgeni iyo, rom humanizmi mTeli Tavisi uZleveli ZaliT aseT yofiT da lirikuli tonalobis nawarmoebSi SeiZleboda gamJRavnebuliyo, rom misi gamomxatvelebi iseTi ubralo gmirebi SeiZleba yofiliyvnen, rogoric es ucnauri da mSvenieri oTxeulia. am romaniT ara marto axal mxatvrul samyaros daedo saTave, aramed axal tendencias da etapsac ki qarTul sabWoTa mwerlobaSi. pirvel romans zed mohyva momdevnoebi_,,me vxedav mzes”, ,,mziani Rame”, ,,nu geSinia, deda!”, ,,TeTri bairaRebi”,_mere moTxrobebis krebuli gamoqveynda, Semdeg kvlav romani ,,maradiobis kanoni”, bolos isev moTxrobebi da ase Seiqmna is ganumeorebeli, momxiblavi, Rrmad damafiqrebeli da didad emociuri samyaro, rasac nodar dumbaZis Semoqmedeba hqvia da uromlisodac, ubralod, warmoudgenelia meoce saukunis meore naxevris qarTuli mwerloba, da ara marto qarTuli, mwerlis mTeli Semoqmedebis pirvelidan bolo striqonamde erTi mTavari mkvebavi arteria aqvs, erTdroulad erovnuli da internacionaluri suls STaberavs mas. asea Seqmnili is mziani samyaro, romelic nodar dumbaZem Tavis romanebSi da moTxrobebSi sakuTari mziani gulis wyalobiT dagvixata da dagvitova. drois swraf rbolas yovelTvis uCioda admiani.qarTvelma xalxmas amitom Seqmna ara ubralo sityva, aramed mxatvruli saxe_wuTisofeli. bednieria, visac am Cqar dinebaSi , cxovrebis oromtrialSi ar daukargavs, ar gauflangavs RvTiT momadlebuli niWi, visac kmayofilebiT SeiaZlia gaxedos Tumc swrafad Cavlil, magram madliTa da nayoiT savse wlebs. nodar dumbaZes aramcTu kmayofilebiT, didi siamayiTac SeeZlo gaexedna gamovlili gzisaTvis, is ki ara, Cven gveamayeba misi cxovrebis azri da nayofi, magram igi Tavad, sxva sikeTesTan erTad, uaRresad Tavmdabali da simorcxvemde mokrZalebulic ki iyo sakuTari Rvawlisa da niWis SefasebaSi. guliT uxaroda warmateba, magram TiTqos ukvirda kidec. aseTi iyo Tavidan da aseTi darCa bolomde. jer kidev TiTqos guSin, mxolod guSin iyo, saaqto darbazi rom iqceoda, roca scenaze sadad, ufro swored, Raribulad (tilos fexsacmelebSi!) Cacmuli awuruli axalgazrda morcxvi da sevdiani RimiliT adioda da sakuTar leqsebs Cumi xmiT kiTxulobda. maSin, anu omisSemdgom wlebSi nodar dumbaZe univeritetis ekonomikis fakultetis studenti da axalgazrdobis kerpi iyo. mere TandaTan izrdeboda mwerlis Semoqmedeba da paralelurad fantastikurad izrdeboda misi popularoba, bolos ki imiT damtavrda, rom nodar dumbaZis saxeli mTel msoflioSi gaxda cnobili, misi wignebi TiTqmis yvela civilizebul qveyanaSi gamoica da, rac mTavaria, yvelgan aRtaceba gamoiwvia. misi SemoqmedebiTi biografiis dasawyisidan dasasrulamde sul 35_iode welia. nodar dumbaZe naadrevad wavida am qveynidan, magram arc es xania mwerlisTvis cota da mas aramcTu ar gaparvia es wlebi, risi saSiSroebac mraval CvenTagans Tan gvdevs, aramed mas saocrad didi da mSvenieri nayofic moiwvia da sayovelTao aRiarebasa da siyvarulsac Seeswro. man lirikiT daiwyo da momxiblavi leqsebic hqonda, bevri maTgani simRerebad iqca, mere maxvilgonierebiT savse iumoristul moTxrobebsac werda da aqveynebda Jurnal ,,niangSi”, magarm is, rasac nodar dumbaZis samyaro hqvia da risi sazRvrebic ase aSkarad aris gamokveTili qarTuli mwerlobis rukaze, ramac ramac miipyro misi TanamemamuleTa Tu msoflio mkiTxvelis yuradReba, mainc mxatvrul prozaSia gamoxatuli, eqvs romansa da erT moTxrobebis krebuls moicavs. am mTavari nayofis moweva mweralma meoTxedi saukunis (1959_84 wlebi) manZilze SeZlo. es mTavari nayofi mwerlisa mziuri siTboTi da SuqiT aris savse. mTeli Tavisi cxovreba da Semoqmedeba nodar dumbaZem dauSurveblad miuZRvna saTayvanebel mSobel ersa da samSoblos, sabWoTa xalxsa da qveyanas. igi iyo mgznebare mqadagebeli adamianuri sikeTisa da siqvelisa, samarTlianobisa da siyvarulisa, komunisturi ideebisa da moralisa. misi nawarmoebebi Tanamedrove qarTuli cxovrebis utyuari da amaRelvebeli, amasTanave, amaRlebuli mxatvruli matianea. misma Semoqmedebam swored am didi mxatvruli simarTliT, maRali ideurobiT, momxiblavi mSvenierebis ZaliT daipyro mkiTxvelTa gulebi. mwerlis romanebi da moTxrobebi, romelSic Rrma codniTa da gulmxurvalebiT aisaxa xalxis cxovreba, misi Tavdadebuli brZola, maRali idealebis xorcSesasxmelad, saukeTeso sulieri sazrdoa TanamedroveTaTvis da STamomavalTaTvisac, maTi moqalaqeobrivi da zneobrivi mrwamsis formirebis mZlavri saSualebaa. nodar dumbaZe warmoadgenda WeSmarit nimuSs mewrlisas da moqalaqisas, amitomac moxda, rom man Tavisi mwerluri da sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobiT xalxis siyvarulic uxvad moimka da didi aRiareba da dafasebac hpova:iyo ssrk mweralTa kavSiris gamgeobis mdivani, saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris gamgeobis Tavjdomare, leninuri premiis, SoTa rusTavelis da leninuri komkavSiris premiebis laureati, ssr kavSiris umaRlesi sabWos deputati... yvela pativi man Tavisi elvare niWiT da didi moqalaqeobriobiT aRbeWdili mxatvruli sityviT daimsaxura, daimsaxura im SemoqmedebiT, romelSic TvalnaTliv da momxibvlelad warmogvidgeba didi humanisti, WeSmariti mamuliSvili da internacionalisti. am simaRlemde da aRiarebamde vidre miaRwevda, mweralma rTuli da daZabuli cxovrebis gza ganvlo. nodar vladimeris Ze dumbaZe daibada TbilisSi 1928 wlis 14 ivliss qarTul inteligentur ojaxSi. bavSvoba uSfoTveli da uzrunvelic ki hqonda_ojaxuri siTbo, wignebi, skola da amxanag_megobrebi. magram uRrublo wlebi didxans ar gagrZelebia. cxra_aTi wlisam dahkarga mSoblebi, mama samudamod, dedasTan Sexvedera aTeuli wlebis Semdeg Turme kidev ewera, oRond maSin amas verain ifiqrebda. am mZime gansacdels omis avbediTi xanac mohyva da oblad darCenili nodari iZulebuli gaxda mSobliur sofelSi xidisTavSi gaetarebina daWabukebis wlebi. swored aq, guriis lamaz da madlian mxareSi, mSromeli xalxis siyvaruliT garemosilma igrZno, gaiziara da iwama sikeTis is adamianuroba, mSveniereba da uZleveloba, rac mTeli cxovrebis manZilze gahyva da ramac gansazRvra Semdgom mTlianad misi Semoqmedebis Tematika da paTosi. studentobis asakSi, ukve mowifuli ymawvili, kvlav daubrunda karga xniT mitovebul mSobliur Tbiliss. cxadia, aq mas adaptireba ar dasWirvebia, radgan ,,qalaqeli’’ biWi iyo, Tanac, rogori qalaqeli, vereli, anu axalgazrdobisTvis erT_erTi yvelaze prestiJulubneli. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikis fakultetis damTavrebis Semdeg erTxans iqve muSaobda laborantad, Semdeg axladdaarsebul axalgazrdul Jurnal ,,ciskarSi’’ TanamSromlobda, iyo kinostudia ,,qarTuli filmis” sascenaro kolegiis wevri, satiruli Jurnalis_,,niangis” redaqtoris moadgile, mere misi mTavari redaqtori, aqedan gadavida mweralTa kavSirSi jer mdivnad mere ki Tavmjdomared. miuxedavad imisa, rom nodar dumbaZis cxovreba TandaTan da sul ufro, TiTqos, bednierad aewyo, yovel SemTxvevaSi, misi SemoqmedebiTi warmatebis Semyure ucxo TvalisTvis ase Canda, tragikuli gansacdeli mas da mis ojaxs mudmivad sdevda Tan. bevri, msxverplis gaReba mouxda, magram iSviaTad wamoscdenia amis gamo bedis samduravi sityva. mxolod erTxel, maxsovs, sul axalgazrda siZec rom daeRupa (niWieri, aSkarad imediani momavlis mqone, prozaikosi jemal TofuriZe), tavistavs xmamaRla hkiTxa, neta riT ver gamoscada gangebam Cemi WirTaTmena, rom gansacdels gansacdelze matexso Tavs. nodar dumbaZe mziani guliT daibada da veraviTarma siduxWirem Tu gansacdelma, aramcTu ver Cauqro, verc ki gaunela mas siTbo da siyvaruli verc rogorc pirovnebas da verc rogorc Semoqmeds. vin icis, egeb swored am siduxWirem da gansacdelma gaumZafra es grZnobebi, ufro gasagebi gaxda misTvis sikeTis fasi? erTi cxadia, rom misTvis yvela da yvelaferi erTi umTavresi sazomiT_sikeTis ZaliT izomeboda. erTxel, rodesac satelevizio gadacemis dros interviuerma hkiTxa, rogor ggoniaT, ra Tvisebebi unda gaaCndeso inteligents, nodarma daaxloebiT ase ucnaurad upasuxa:inteligenti kacis nimuSad babuaCemi, sofelSi mcxovrebi glexkaci warmomidgeniao. aq mTavari is ki ar aris, rom aseT gansazRvrebaSi warmatebiT SegviZlia vedavoT avtors, aramed mTavari is gaxlavT, rom nodar dumbaZisTvis nebismieri pirobebis, adamianTa jgufis, socialuri fenis Tu mTeli sazogadoebis raobis gasarkvevad upirvelesad sworedac gulisxmierebis da siyvarulis unari miiReba mxedvelobaSi. Tavad ki marTlac iyo gansaxiereba WeSmariti inteligentisa. mas mudam, sadas da ubralod ecva, sagareo kostumis tarebas samuSao tansacmels arCevda. igi garegnuli niSnebiT ki ara (magaliTad halstuxiT), Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT iyo suliT xorcamde inteligenti_zrdili, TavSekavebuli, ganaTlebuli, keTilganwyobili, profesionali, farTo TvalsawieriT da interesebiT. zedmiwevniT kargad icoda ara marto qarTuli, aramed rusuli da msoflio klasika, Tanamedrove mwerloba, bevris, gansakuTrebiT ki mark tvenisa da Cexovis aramcTu yoveli nawarmoebi, yoveli frazac ki Rrmad hqonda mexsierebaSi CabeWdili, icoda mxatvrobis, musikis (Tavad mSvenivrad mReroda da xatavda kidec), istorias, filosofias... Tumca Tavisi codnis demonstrirebiT sakuTari romanebi da moTxrobebi, rac, samwuxarod, arcTu iSviaTad niWier mxatvrebsac ki emarTebaT xolme. man cxovrebidanac da wignebidanac mxolod siyvaruli miiRo da iwama. miuxedavad imisa, rom borotebsac da ukeTurebsac mravals gadaeyara, mainc sikeTis gadakveTili iyo misTvis mTavari. amitomac irCia sakuTar SemoqmedebaSi mze mTavar metaforad, simbolod personaJadac ki. erTxel didma iliam rogorc Tqva, kacma ise unda icxovros, ise unda moixados Tavisi vali qveyanasa da xalxis winaSe, rom tiriliT naSobi simReriT da siciliT gamoesalmos wuTisofels. 1884 wlis 14 seqtembers ase siciliT da simReriT wavida es mziani gulis kaci imqveynad. mis bolo frazebsac ar dahklebia dumbaZiseuli iumori, xolo sikvdilis win megobrebs eSmakuri RimiliT miuxmo, sicocxlis niSatdaclili xeli gadaxvia da maTTan erTad ukanasknelad imRera. simRera magnitafonis firze rom ar iyos Cawerili, aramcTu sxvebs, iqneb amis SemswreTac ki ar gvarwmuna es saocreba, daveWvebuliyaviT da sakuTari fantaziis nayofad migveCnia. mziani gulis kaci iyo da mze miacilebda mas cxovrebis ukanasknel gzaze. seqtembris TbilisSi mze TiTqos maincdamainc didad gasakviri ar unda iyos, magram jer erTi, arc asea saqme, rom londonSi mudam nisli idges, TbilisSi ki_dari, meorec kidev, mzec aris da mzec. im dRes nodarTan gamosasalmeblad mosul zRva xalxs (am sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, centralur quCebSi, sololakidan vakemde, samgloviaro gzaze nemsi ar Cavardeboda) Tavze dahdaToda araCveulebrivad kaSkaSa, Tanac ara mxurvale da Semawuxebeli, aramed Tbili da moalerse mze. es mziani gulis kaci mzem miacila `mziuramde~. ase hqvia mdinare veres xeobis im mSvenier sabavSvo, pionerul qalaqs, romelic nodaris iniciativiT gaSenda da saxelic mis mierve aqvs SerCeuli. raRac Rrmad simboluri ram aris amaSi, rom swored aq da am saxelwodebis adgilas, `mziurSi~ daedo samudamo bina nodar dumbaZes. yoveli adamianis cxovreba ganumeorebelia. cxadia, ganumeorebelia yoveli mwerlis cxovrebiseuli da SemoqmedebiTi gzac. gamorCeuli iyo nodar dumbaZis mosvlac qarTul mwerlobaSi da Semdeg ki mTeli misi SemoqmedebiTi biografiac. sicocxleSi uRiarebel, an naklebaddafasebul, WeSmarit mweralTa xvedri, risi tragikuli Tu dramatuli magaliTebi warsulSic arcTu iSviaTi iyo, axla, RvTis madliT, aRarSeiZleba gaiziaron Tanamedroveoba. sxva droa da sxvanairad ewyoba Semoqmedis bedi. magram mainc zogis saxelis aRiareba ufro dinjad, Znelad, iqneb dagvianebiTac SeiZleba moxdes, nodar dumbaZem ki erTbaSad, pirvelive romaniT daipyro mkiTxvelTa gulebi. me ukve sayovelTaod aRiarebuli mwerali viyavi, roca mweralTa kavSirSi mimiReso,_ityoda xolme igi. amas baqiobiT ar ambobda. aseTi iyo misi metyvelebis manera, iseve, rogorc werisa. yoveli misi fraza iumoriT iyo Seferili. amas advilad irwmunebs yvela, vinc nodar dumbaZis romanebsa da moTxrobebs, Tundac publicistur da literatulur werilebs icnobs an gaecnoba. amasTan erTad, yoveli misi fraza marTalic iyo. igi marTlac saocrad popularuli gaxda pirvelive romaniT ,,me, bebia, iliko da ilarioni”, romelic Jurnal ,,ciskris” furclebze daibeWda 1959 wels. marTlac bednieri literaturuli debiuti Sedga maSin, magram arc ise uSfoTveli da ioli, rogorc es Soridan Cans. dRes SeiZleba bevrs aRar axsovdes, an kidev ufro bevrma sulac ar icodes, rom nodar dumbaZis didi SemoqmedebiTi gzis dasawyisi sakmaod saWoWmano da Zneli iyo. `ciskris~ furclebze `me, bebia, iliko da ilarioni~, es didi dramatizmiT savse romani, petitiT awyobil boloSi, iumoris ganyofilebaSi daibeWda, viTom bevrs nurafers mostxovT, seriozulad nu miiRebT, gasarTobi ramaao. sayovelTaod cnobilia is didi Zvrebi Cvens saogadroebriv cxovrebaSi, rac 50_ianma wlebma moutana Tan.aman Zireuli ganaxleba gamoiwvia sferoSi, maT Soris xelovnebasa da literaturaSi. am siaxlis nayofi TvalsaCinoa da Zalze mniSvnelovani mTel sabWoTa mwerlobaSi. qarTulSi ki mas saTave daudes `ciskrelebma~ ( ase ewoda 1957 wels daarsebul axalgazrdul JurnalTan Semikrebil Taobas), romlis erT_erTi yvelaze TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli imTaviTve iyo nodar dumbaZe. magaram Zvelis inercia jer kidev Zlieri iyo, amitomac Sexvda ciskrelTa Taobas didi winaaRmdegoba. nodar dumbaZis pirveli romani ki, miuxedavad mkiTxvelTa erTsulovani aRiarebisa, zogi im mwerlisa da kritikosisi mier, visac Zvalsa da rbilSi hqonda gamjdari pompezuroba da maRalfardovaneba (xSiarad siyalbeSi rom izrdeboda), qarTuli romanis degradirebis simptomadac ki iqna gamocxadebuli Tavisi viTomcda araseriozulobis gamo. mkiTxvelma, jansaRma azrma, mere ki drom yvelaferi gaarkvia da daafasa. dRes nodar dumbaZis mxatvruli samyaro Rrmad aris damkvidrebuli qarTuli erovnuli klturis ganviTarebis istoriul procesSic da mis saerTo saganZurSic, ufro didi masStabiTac, sabWoTa mravalerovnuli mwerlobis masStabiTac. nodar dumbaZe Tavis romanebSi ZiriTadad axalgazrda kacis zneobrivi formirebis problemebs dastrialebs Tavs, arc Txrobis maneras cvlis_isev cremliani iumoriT moaqvs mkiTxvelamde Tavisi didi da marTali saTqmeli. zogTaTvis aman erTferovnebis ieri SeiZina da yovel axal romanTan dakavSirebiT amgvari ,,saSiSroebis” gamo aqa_iqgaismoda kidec kantikunti sayvedurebi. imasac gaigonebdiT, metismetad avtobiografiuliao misi romanebi. es mxolod faqtobrivad Tua marTali, arsebiTad ki ara. mwerlTa didi nawili Tavisi Taobisa da drois cxovrebas aRwers. ara erTi didi nawarmoebi dawerila avtobiografiul masalaze, xazgasmiT avtobiografiulzec. amisi nimuSebi imdenad bevria da advilad gasaxsenebeli, rom aRarc movitanT. mTavaria, ra mxatvrul ganzogadoebas iZens es masala. nodar dumbaZis Semoqmedebisadmi sayovelTao interesma Zaldautaneblad gasca am kiTxvas pasuxi. isic marTalia, rom rom nodar dumbaZis romanebi erTi ciklis nawarmoebebia da stilic erTiania maTi, magram es sulac ar niSnavs erTferovnebas. es ufro stilis erTgulebaa, vidre erTferovneba. aseTi erTgulebis gana cota nimuSi Semogvinaxa literaturis istoriam? an gana Tanamedrove msoflio mwerlobaSi bevrma Tqva uari am erTgulebiT ganpirobebul `erTferovnebaze~? maS, nodar dumbaZisa rad unda gahkvirveboda vinmes? es xom misi samyaroa, es xom misi stilia. erTica da meorec uaRresad originaluria, nodar dumbaziseulia da bevri ver daikvexnis aseTi gamorCeuli, amaRlebuli maneris mignebas, aseTi mniSvnelovani, mravlismTqmeli mxatvruli samyaros Seqmnas. nodar dumbaZis romanebica da moTxrobebic didi sinaTliT aris savse, magram imitom ki ara, rom mwerali idealuri samyaros Sehyurebs, ubralod es misi sulis naTelis wyalobaa, misi rwmenisa da imedis gamoa, Torem didi mixvedra ar sWirdeba imas, rom nodar dumbaZes, upiratesad, Cveni cxovrebis dramatizmiT damZimebuli garemoebebi ainteresebs. es interesi cxovrebis marTlad da Rrmad, ganviTarebis mTavari tendenciebiT warmosaxvis wadiliTaa nakarnaxevi, agreTve imis rwmeniTac, rom amgvari garemoebebi ukeT warmoaCenen maRali zneobis adamianebSi moqalaqeobrivi grZnobebisa da sulieri simtkicis wrTobas. wuTisofeli tkbobisa da nebivrobisTvis ar aris mogonili. igi sikeTis dasamkvidreblad garjiTa da brZoliT gasavleli gzaa. mxolod am gazaze mouRleli svla alamazebs adamians, am gzaze daZleuli winaaRmdegobebi amaRlebs mas. am gansawmendel gzaze miabijebdnen nodar dumbaZis gmirebic da iumori, romliTac savsea da ase momxiblavia es samyaro, umizno mxiarulebisaTvis ki ar aris moxmobili,aramed gancdaTa Sesamsumbuqeblad. am mizniT moixmes igi adre sxvebmac. diax, marTalia, rom daviT kldiaSvilis cremliani RimiliT Cven tragikul samyaros vWvreT. es uebari saSualeba dikensTansc umZimesi suraTebis xilviT gaognebuli mkiTxvelis sulis mosaTqmelad aris moSveliebuli, firosmanis tiloebzec TiTqos komikur persomaJebs da cxovelebsac saocrad sevdiani, gulisamaCuyebeli gamometyveleba aqavT, servantessac xom mxolod am RvTaebrivi niWis gamo aqvs Serqmeuli dumbaZis gmiris mier `qveynierebis mama~. nodar dumbaZis iumors kidev sxva daniSnilebac akeTilSobilebs. igi cremliani RimiliT marto TanagrZnobas ki ar iwvevs, aramed sikeTis gamarjvebis Rrma rwmenasc gamoxatavs. aq warmosaxul samyaroSi tragizmis gardauvali socialuri safuZveli nakleb arsebobs da gmirebs ufro zneobrivi simaxinjis gamo datrialebul daramatul situaciebSi uxdebaT sakuTari sulis wrtobas da sxvaTa vaJkacuri Tanadgomac. nodar dumbaZis romanebis axalgazrda gmirma bevri gasaWiri da gansacdeli gamoiara: omisdroindeli umamakaco soflis simZimec daawva Zvalgaumagrebel mxrebze tvirTad (`me, bebia, iliko da ilarioni~, `me vxedav mzes~), borotebis xanmokle zeimis gamo oblobis simwarec ar ascda (`mziani rame~), arc Wabukobis xanaSi daaklda mZime sulieri tramvis gadatana (nu geSinia, deda!~), udanaSaulo damnaSavis xvedric ergo wilad (`TeTri bairaRebi~), mere sarecels mijaWvuli ebrZoda sikvdilis (`maradisobis kanoni~) romanebSi mxolod dro da adgili ki ar icvleba, aramed, rac mTavria, komfliktebi da kompleqsebi, romlebsac sul gansxvavebuli mware gancdebi moaqvT adamianebisaTvis da gmirebis gaSiSvlebuli sulis axal_axali Wrilobebze migvaqcevineben yuradRebas. am gansxvavebul, damoukidebel romanebs zogi ram, da Zalian mniSvnelovani ram, saerToc aqvT. vTqvaT, im garemoebam, rom yvela romani axalgazrdebzea dawerili da maTi biografiebi principulad ar gamoricxaven erTmaneTs, SeiZleba gvafiqrebinos, TiTqos, es erTi gmiris Sesaxeb Seqmnili vrceli epopeis nawilebia. am STabeWdilebas isic amgrebs, rom gmirebi Tumca gansxvavdebian, Tavisi xasiaTiT, erTmaneTisagan, mainc bevri ramiT hgvanan kidevac urTierTs, rac mTavaria, sikeTisadmi gaazrebuli da qvecnobieri ltolviT erTnairad naTeldadgmulebi arian. romanidan romanSi gadadis dedis saxec da ase momxiblavia igi. aqac msgavseba TvalsaCinoa, magram umTavresad erTi garemoebis wyalobiT: deda nodar dumbaZis SemoqmedebaSi yvelgan mziani Ramis xatia, RmerTad yavT Seracxuli gmirebs da simbolikamde amaRlebuli monumenturoba TiTqos aferkmTalebs am simbolos matarebel saxeebze Rrmad damCneul cocxal Strixebs. amas garda, lirizmis Zlieri, gamWoli nakadi nodar dumbaZis romanebSi kidev ufro TvalsaCinos xdis avtoris ganwyobilebas, iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, rom igi SeumCnevlad monawileobs kidec moqmedebis ganviTarebaSi da erTgvarad lirikuli gmiris magvar funqciebsac kisrulobs. xolo Tu imasac gavixsenebT, rom misi yvela romani avtobiografiul niSnebsac atarebs, naTeli gaxdeba maTi erTmaneTTan organuli kavSiri. mwerlis mTeli Semoqmedeba adamianisa da mzis didebuli sagalobelia. misi gmirebi sikeTiTa da keTilSobilebiT, siyvaruliTa da TanagrZnobiT, xalisiTa da cxovrebis surviliT, siamayiTa da TavmdablobiT, siZlieriTa da gulisxmierebiT arian savseni da am mSvenieri adamianebis mfarvelad da nugeSad kaSkaSebs mze dRisiTac da RamiTac, rogorc simbolo amqveyniuri sinaTlisa da siTbosi. mwerlis yovel romansa Tu moTxrobas, raoden mZime gancdebsac unda gvaziarebdes igi, mudan imediani finali aqvs, radgan avtoris Rrma rwmeniT, adamiani, mze, sicocxle maradiulia. cxovrebis es imediani xilvaa nodar dumbaZis Semoqmedebis Zala da mSveniereba. misi siyvaruliT savse gulis feTqva Zlierad ismis yoveli moTxrobidan Tu romanidan, saocari gadamdebi TrTolviT avsebs maT da admianebs tkivilTa daZlevisaken, TanagrZnobisa da Tanadgomobisaken mouwodebs. mwerlisaTvis sicocxle mTeli misi av-kargiT didebulia, aRtacebis Rirsia da am bednieri gancdis Tanaziars gvxdis, Cvenc, mis mkiTxvelebs. es yvelaferi marTalia da mainc, miuxedavad am saerTo niSnebisa Tu Tvisebebisa, SesamCnevi msgavsebisa, nodar dumbaZis yoveli romani sruliad damoukidebeli mxatvruli organizmia, romelsac Tavisi ganumeorebeli sicocxliT cxovreba uweria, romelsac mxolod misi sakuTari tkivilebi da sixaruli gaaCnia. Znelia imis Tqma, nodar dumbaZis romeli romani ufroa damZimebuli dramatizmiT. Tu sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis ZaliT SevecdebiT am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas, Tu maTSi warmosaxuli borotisa da keTilis brZolis masStabebiT gavzomavT, cxadia, samamulo omis droindel cxovrebaze dawerili romanebi `me, bebia, iliko da ilarioni~ da `me vxedav mzes` gadaswonian sxvebs, Tumca mZime gancdebi arc sxva, momdevno romanebis gmirebs daaklo avtorma, daaklo ki ara, vgoneb, maT ufro metadac ki daatexa Tavs tragikuli Tu dramatuli gansxdeli, rakiRa ufro gviandeli romanebis mowiful da davaJkacebul gmirebs metad aqvT gacnobierebuli am gansacdelis warmomSobi mizezebi. meore msoflio omi, romelmac aTeuli milionobiT adamianis sicocxle Seiwira, yvelaze did da tragikul movlenad rCeba kacobriobis istoriaSi. marTalia, keTilma sZlia borots, naTelma gaimarjva bnelze, sabWoTa patriotizmis uZlevelobac yvelasaTvis aSkara gaxda, magram aTeuli milionobiT udanaSaulo adamianis wminda msxverpli da gadabugul-dangreuli samyaro dResac mainc tragikulad gangvacdevinebs im wlebs. swored didi samamulo omis wlebSi izrdebian da vaJkacdebian nodar dumbaZis pirveli romanebis _ `me, bebia, iliko da ilarioni~-s da `me vxedav mzes~ gmirebi zurikela vaSalomiZe da sosoia mamalaZe, swored am omiT aris daRdasmuli maTi bavSvobis xana da maT sulSi Rrmad damCneuli es tkiviliani daRi cxovrebis mTel manZilze gahyvebaT. Tumca tkivilian daRTan erTad gahyvebaT is saocari adamianuri siyvarulis, TanagrZnobis gakveTilebic, romelTa aseTi ZaliT da mSvenebiT gamJRavneba albad mxolod saerTo-saxalxo gansacdelis Jams Tu SeiZleba. erTi patara qarTuli soflis omisdroindeli cxovrebaa am or romanSi warmosaxuli, soflisa, romelsac ar miswvdomia qvemexebis griali da sakuTari TvaliT ar unaxavs arc sabWoTa meomrebis daRvrili wminda sisxli da arc momxdurTa gvamebi, magram mweralma omis mTeli saSinelebaca da sabWoTa xalxis umagaliTo patriotizmic didi STambeWdaobiT gagvixsna, gvagrZnobina, gangvacdevina. erTi SexedviT, arafers gansakuTrebuls ar akeTeben am romanebis gmirebi Tu personaJebi, magram maTi usazRvro siyvaruli da erTguleba samSoblosadmi, TavdadebisaTvis Sinagani mzadyofna naTelia mkiTxvelisaTvis. amis sarwmunod Tundac is erTi epizodic ikmarebs `me, bebia, iliko da ilarioni~-dan, roca sofeli frontelTaTvis saCuqrebis gasagzavnad afusfusdeba. arada, ara erTi da ori epizodia am romanSi aseTi uSualobiTa da damajereblobiT savse, sadac soflis erTsulovneba, WirTaTmena, udreki nebisyofa mTeli ZaliTa Cans. marTlac ganumeoreblebi arian am romanis gmirebi. maTi laparakis, azrovnebis, qcevis manera imdenad individualuria, aTas sxvaSi Seumcdarad gamoirCevian, magram, amasTan erTad, isini sabWoTa adamianis uaRresad tipiur saxeebs ganekuTvnebian da amaSia maTi momxiblaobac da mxatvrul-SemecnebiTi mniSvnelobac. ar arsebobs da arc SeiZleba arsebobdes meore imgvari bebia, rogoric zurikelas hyavs, Tumca erTdroulad igi, saerTod, bebiis klasikuri saxea. es romanidanac Seumcdarad ikiTxeba da sesilia TayaiSvili kidev ufro damarwmunebeli xdeba. igive iTqmis zurikelas moxuc megobrebze _ ilikosa da ilarionze, am TiTqos daCaCanakebul berikacebze, romelTa sulieri simxneve da adamianebisadmi siyvaruli, sikeTis Tsvis bunebrivi wadili sworedac Zlier pirovnebebad warmogvidgens maT. romanis `me, bebia, iliko da ilarioni~-s mTavari saTqmeli swored is gaxlavT, rom adamianebs erTmaneTisaTvis zrunva, sxvaTa Tanadgoma, moyvasis Wirisa da lxinis gaziareba, irgvliv sikeTisa da siyvarulis Tesva alamazebs, da ara marto alamazebs, ayalibebs kidec WeSarit moqalaqeebad da es TiTqos ubralo, magram didi da seriozuli saTqmeli romanSi saocari iumoriTaa gaxsnili, im dumbaZiseuli iumoriT, romlis sxvaTa sityviT gadmocema SeuZlebelia, mxolod avtoris TxrobiT unda SeigrZnos mkiTxvelma. mZafri dramatizmiT aris damuxtuli nodar dumbaZis meore romanic `me vxedav mzes~, sadac didi samamulo omis xanis gansacdeli da gasaWiri kidev ufro xelSesaxebad, meti simZimiT Semodis nawarmoebSi. is sayovelTao saxalxo ubedureba, rac Tana sdevda Cveni qveynis samkvdro-sasicocxlo brZolas germanul faSizmTan da is erTsulovani gmiruli SemarTeba, sabWoTa patriotizmis yovlisSemZleoba, rac yvelaze naTlad swored im wlebSi gamJRavnda, mTeli mxatvruli ZaliT da damarwmuneblobiT aris gaxsnili am romanSi. da aqac Txroba liriuli iumoriT aris gamTbari, iumoriT, romelic gvagrZnobinebs, rom xalxs im sabediswero Jamsac, TviT umZimes viTarebaSic ki ar daukargavs sicocxlis wyurvili da imedi, brZolis Jini da rwmena sakuTar simarTleSic da mis gamarjvebaSic. romanSi `me vxedav mzes~ marto xatia, es usinaTlo gogona ki ar xedavs mzes, rac misi gankurnebis imeds gvinergavs, aramed yvela, mTeli mosaxleoba soflisa, maTi saxiT ki mTeli sabWoTa xalxi xedavs mzes, rogorc gadarCenis, gamarjvebis, sicocxlis da sikeTis zeimis rwmenis simbolos. nodar dumbaZis romanebSi saerTodac da kerZod, `mzian RameSic~ droca da garemoc lokalizebulia, magram es avtors xels ar uSlis farTod da mZafrad daayenos mkiTxvelis winaSe Tanamedrove cxovrebis problemebi. es romanebi, ragind gansxvavebulnic ar unda iyvnen, SeiZleba iTqvas, erTi didi problemis, Tanamedrove axalgazrdobis zneobriv-moqalaqeobrivi saxis garkvevas isaxaven miznad. aq yuradRebis centrSi Cveni drois axalgazrdebi arian da maTi sazogadoebrivi yofis, Sinagani gancdebis, eWvebis, imedebi, cxovrebasTan damokidebulebis, kmayofilebisa Tu ukmayofilebis grZnobis da am grZnobebis axsnis Sesaxeb gvesaubreba mwerali. avtori ar erideba cxovrebis mZafr xedvas, gulwrfelad da uSualod gvimxels sakuTar dakvirvebebs, romlebic xan xalisiania da mxiaruli, xanac mZime da tkiviliani. magram yvela SemTxvevaSi Cans mwerlis ukompromiso damokidebuleba cxovrebasTan da is maRali pozicia, saidanac akvirdeba da afasebs axalgazrdobas, romelic sazogadoebriv asparezze modis da mkvidrdeba. `mziani Rame~ mwerals misTvis irganuli xerxiT aqvs agebuli. am romanSic avtori cremliani siciliT mogviTxrobs axalgazrda gmiris Teimuraz baramiZis Rrma dramtuli gancdebiT savse cxovrebaze da es laRi, Tbili iumori aqac mkiTxvelis mZime emociebis Sesamsubuqeblad aris moxmobili. Teimuraz baramiZes, iseve, rogorc dumbaZis sxva axalgazrda gmirebs, cxovrebis dasawyisSive erTi adaminisaTvis samyofze bevrad meti gansacdeli gadaxdenia Tavs da Tu mainc gauZlia, es imitom, rom masac swams am qveyanaze sikeTisa da sinTlis uZleveloba. Teimurazi udedmamod, martodmarto izrdeba rva wlidan da mxolod sikeTisa da siyvarulisaken swrafvam aacdina yvela im gansacdels, romelic yovel fexis nabijze eloda. am sulieri simtkicis, rwmenis gamocdaa, rom cxovrebis mZime gzaze arasodes daukargavs xalisi da iumoris grZnoba. amis naTelsamyofad friad sagulisxmoa Teimurazisa da dursunis dialogi. Tumca igi dursunze gacilebiT axalgazrdaa, mainc masze bevrad meti gansacdeli aqvs gadatanili. man mozardma, gauZlo am gansacdels, dursuni ki, zRvaSi gazrdili da davaJkacebuli, fizikurad Zlieri kaci mxolod erTmac gastexa, DdaaCaCanaka, es imitom, rom mas ara swams araferi amqveynad, arc megobroba, arc siyvaruli, arc sikeTe, arc simarTle. es imitom, rom martoa da adamianis rwmena dakargvia. TeimurazTan erTad Cvnc SeZrwunebuli varT am cxovrebisagan gaTelili kacis, dursunis bediT. amas mosdevs Teimurazisa da misi megobris guramis dialogi zRvis piras, sadac axalgazrdebi TiTqos agdebulad, iumoriT saubroben adamianTaTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze, magram igrZnoba, rom es garegnulad zerele forma saubrisa mxolod niRabia vaJkacuri da moqalaqeobrivi grZnobebis Sefarulad gamxelisa. aseTi laRi saubari metad seriozul da mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs, rom am axalgazrdebisaTvis ar arsebobs, arc SeiZleba arsebobdes umzeo Rame, romelic dursunisaTvis damdgara. da asea sul, `mzian RameSi~, sxva romanebSic, yovel msubuq, iumoriT savse epizods, rodesac mkiTxvels yvela dardi aviwydeba da am mxiaruli gmirebis Semyure TviTonac guliT icinis, erTbaSad mosdevs mZafri dramatizmiT damZimebuli, zogjer tragikulamde asuli Txroba. rogorc ki daatyobs, rom mkiTxvels Tvalebi axla mware cremliT evseba, mwerali cvlis viTerebas da kvlav iumoriT azavebs mozRvavebul gancdebs. mere isev datrialdeba mxiaruli, maxvilgonivruli situaciebisa Tu dialogebis feierverki da gamocdili mkiTxveli maSinve mixvdeba, rom avtori kvlav raRac mZime gancdisaTvis gvamzadebs. `mziani Rame~ universitetis zamTris sesiebiT iwyeba da visac studentoba moucdia, SeuZlebelia, am cocxlad dawerilma epizodebma cota xniT mainc ar daaviwyos yvelaferi da kvlav ar daabrunos im garemoSi, im auditoriebSi, sadac amdeni Relva, sixaruli, simware Tu mxiaruleba ganucdia. da ai, mkiTxveli, romelsac jer kidev ubrwyinavs Tvalze gulamomjdari sicilis cremlis da ise miyveba Teimuraz baramiZes gamocdebidan saxlSi, uecrad moulodnel scenas gadaeyreba: Temos SoreTidan dabrunebuli Tormeti wlis unaxavi deda daxvdeba Sin. aq ukve dramatuli epizodebis iseT saocar ostatad warmogvidgeba nodar dumbaZe, verc ki ifiqrebT, rom orive es epizodi erTi da imave mwerlis kalams ekuTvnis. ase misdevs epizodi epizods, ase enacvleba erTmaneTs lodiviT mZime gancdebi da msubuqi, udardeli, axalgazrduli sixalise da iumori. am romanSi yvelaze naTeli da Tbili, amasTan, dramatulad daZabuli da amaRelvebeli mainc is siuJeturi xazia, romelSic Temos rTuli urTierToba ixsneba dedasTan. mweralma ara marto mowme gagvxada am didi dedaSviluri siyvarulisa, Rrmadac gangvacdevina da RvTaebrivad gamoacxada igi, ufro metic, gmiris liriul aRsarebaSi am `axali religiis~ sagaloblebi Seqmna. miuxedavad yvelafrisa, Tavs damtydari da gadatanili aTasgvari gansacdelisa, Temos guli mainc mxolod siyvaruliTa da sikeTiT aris savse. amitomac epatiJeba romanis finalSi Tavisi dabadebis dRes yvelas da yvelafers, Tbiliss misi quCebiT, megobrebs, ucnobs da nacnobs. Temos sxva araferi unda, oRondac misma gulma siyvaruli icodes. magram sakmarisia ki es? siZulvili? `_ an daiviwye, deda, yvelaferi, am miTxari, ra vqna... _ magis daviwyeba ar SeiZleba~. ai, ori koncefcia, ori damokidebuleba borotisadmi am romanSic da Tavad cxovrebaSic. romelia marTali? deda da Svili am sakiTxSi ver Tanxmdebian da Tumca ufro humanuri Cans Svilis pozicia, es mainc moCvenebiTi humanurobaa im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca TemosTana gulwrfeli kacis mier aris gacxadebuli. deda marTalia, kacs sikeTec unda axsovdes da borotebac. miT umetes, imis daviwyeba, rac Temosa da mis ojaxs gadaxda, marTlac ar SeiZleb. magram Temo mainc iviwyebs da mkacradac isjeba. is mainc endoba am kacs, vinc erTxel ukve daRupa misi ojaxi da axlac iwvnevs gamyidvelis veragobas, radgan boroti bolomde erTgulia Tavis bunebis da poziciis. marTali iyo deda, ar SeiZleboda daviwyeba da mainc daiviwya, imave borotisagan meored iwvnia Ralati da esec daiviwya, esec miuteva. swored Temom upatrona martosul borot mezobels, roca kibeze waqceuls waawyda. da rodesac Rames uTevda mas, jer siZulvilisagan daicala, mere Seecoda, bolos torilic ki mounda da aivso yeklamde sibraluliT am kacis mimarT. da mainc dedaa marTali, radgan RmerTs mexsireba imitom moucia adamianisaTvis, rom mas yvelaferi axsovdes, keTilica da borotic. maSin meti sikeTe iqneba qveyanaze. maSasadame, metad humanuric iqneba es qveyana. bevri ram anaTesavebs `mzian Rames~ nodar dumbaZis wina da momdevno romanebTan, upirvelesad ki mzis simbolo. mze sinaTlis, sikeTis, siyvarulis, saerTod, yovelive siwmindisa da amaRlebulis is umTavresi da ulamazesi simboloa, romelic nawarmoebidan nawarmoebSi gadadis. da rakiRa mwerals mze aseTi didi da keTilSobili grZnobebis simbolo gauxdia, amitomac aris, rom igi misTvis da misi gmirebisaTvis RamiTac ki anaTebs. da roca mzisadmi Teimurazisa da misi keTili megobrebis es didi siyvaruli, Tayvanisceva CvenTvis naTelia, aRar gveCveneba xelovnur pozad da maTi grZnobebis uSualo gamoxatulebad viRebT im scenas, rodesac zRvaSi Camavali mzis mocimcime bilikze hortenzias dadeben. `_mzes yvavili mivarTvi!~ `nu GgeSinia, deda!~ erTgvarad agrZelebs `mzian RameSi~ dawyebul Txrobas dumbaZis axalgazrda gmiris Tavgadasavalze. isev is Tbilisuri studenturi garemo, axalgazrdobis cxovreba, garja, drostareba, kamaTi mniSvnelovan Tu sulac umniSvnelo sakiTxebze, gfuqsavatoba, yvelaferi, rac ki am asaks axasiaTebs, am romanSi kidev erTxel gadaiSleba mkiTxvelis Tvalwin. oTond amas aq emateba axalgazrdobis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani movaleoba _ samxedro samsaxuri. romanis gmiri avTo jayeli am sayovelTao valdebulebas mesazRvreebTan ixdis, ixdis imav pasuxismgeblobiTa da xalisiT, rac sxva dros da sxva viTarebaSi araerTxel gaumJRavnebiaT zurikela vaSalomiZes, sosoia mamalazes da Temo baramiZes mwerlis aqamde ukve nacnob sxva romanebSi. nodar dumbaZe, miuxedavad imisa, rom dauSretelia misi fantazia, mxolod imaze wers, rom sakuTari TvaliT unaxavs, rac Tavad ganucdia. aki vTqviT kidec, misi Semoqmedeba bevrwilad avtobiografiuli xasiaTisaa. roca mis axalgazrda gmirs samxedro samsaxuri mouwia da amisis Txrobis dro dadga, mweralma iTxova da sagangebo nebarTviT imsaxura mesazRvreTa nawilSi, rom zedmiwevniT scodnoda jariskacTa saqmianoba da yofa, Caswvdomoda maT fsiqikas da suls. kidec amitom gamouvida aseTi marTali, cocxali, saintereso nawarmoebi. axalgazrda gmiri mwerlis nebismieri nawarmoebisa Tavisi uSualobiT, siwrfeliT, zneobrivi sispetakiT, kacTmoyvareobiT, gulubryvilobiTa da xalisianobiT erTbaSad xiblavs mkiTxvels, misi keTilSobiluri buneba mravalmxriv ixsneba Cvens Tvalwin. erT-erTi mTavari Rirseba, rac mas gaaCnia, is gaxlavT, rom misi guli Tanabrad Riaa yvela keTili kacisaTvis, vinc ar unda iyos igi, ra profesiisa da sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobisac, ra asakisac da erovnebisac. amitomac megobroben nodar dumbaZis axalgazrda gmirebi xandazmul Ramis darajebTan, mwyemsebTan, xelosnebTan, nebismieri erovnebis xalxTan, yvelasTan, vinc Tavisi suliT aris didi da mdidari. aseTia avTo jayelic romanSi `nu geSinia, deda!~. mas odnavadac ar aqvs modunebuli erovnuli grZnoba, aramcTu Tavisi qveynis Tanamemamuleebi uyvars TavdaviwyebiT, sazRvars gadaRma mcxovreb qarTvelobsac gulaCuyebuli Sehyurebs da TanaugrZnobs. magram es grZnoba erovnul SezRudulobaSi da ampartavnobaSi ki ar izrdeba, piriqiT, xels uwyobs, ufro uRvivebs internacionalur suls. avTo jayelis mogobroba mesazRvre SCerbinasTan amisis saukeTeso nimuSia. maTi urTierToba sabWoTa axalgazrdobis mdidari bunebis da internacionaluri sulis brwyinvale mxatvruli gamoxatulebaa ara marto nodar dumbaZis Semoqmedebis masStabiT, saerTodac, mravalerovan sabWoTa mwerlobaSic. romani `TeTri bairaRebi~ gamorCeulia nodar dumbaZis SemoqmedebaSi. Tumca mwerlis arc erT romans Tu moTxrobas ar aklia dramatizmi, mainc, `TeTri bairaRebi~ gansakuTrebiT mwvave nawarmoebis STabeWdilebas axdens, yovel SemTxvevaSi, erTi SexedviT mainc. pirovnebis bedi, udanaSaulo damnaSavis bedi, rac am romanis mTavar problemas warmoadgens, saocrad muxtavs mas. zaza nakaSiZis aramcTu mkvlelobaSi ucodveloba, saerTod, misi sispetake Tavidanve naTelia mkitxvelisaTvis, magram SeZlebs Tu ara igi simarTlis povnas, ascdeba Tu ara mas msxverplad gametebuli zvarakis xvedri, am sakiTxis gaurkvevloba daZabulad gvakiTxebs romans. zaza nakaSiZe sapatimroSi zis da ganaCens elodeba, sakanSi aTni arian da TiToeuli maTgani mZime danaSaulis Camdenia: kcismkvlelia, meqrTamea, gamflangvelia, mruSia, Qqurdia. isini elian ganaCens, magram zazas molodini sxvaa, zazasaTvis_simarTlis an usamarTlobis zeims. mwerlisaTvis limonac, tigranac, SoSoac, isidorec da sxvebic, yvela vinc zazasTan erTad zis cixeSi, pirvel rigSi damnaSaveni arian da igi kidec xdis maT niRabs, bolomde gvixsnis maTi danaSaulis met-nakleb simZimesac, xasiaTsac da motivsac. magram amas garda, da rac mTavaria isini mwerlis TvalSi adamianebic arian, TavianTi bediT da ubedobiT, xasiaTiT da gancdebiT, tkivilebiTa da sixaruliT, survilebiTa da ocnebiT, mas upiratesad am damnaSaveTa sulis siRrmeSi Caxedva surs, rom ufro meti dainaxos, vidre amas maTi danaSauli gveubneba. da am dros iseTi borotmoqmedebis sulis kunWulSic ki, rogorc limona da tigranaa, igi saocar adamianur gulTbilobas amCnevs. limonas adrec hqonda SemTxvevebi, roca amis gamo qurdobasa da Zarcvaze xels iRebda, tigrana ki aq, cixeSi mixvda am adamianuri grZnobis arsebobas, roca sxvisi ubedurebis garkvevisas misTvis sruliad axal, TanamgrZnobis rolSi aRmoCnda. sxvaTa saqcielis gansjam mas adamianuri TvaliT daanaxva bevri ram. nodar dumbaZe am arcTu didi moculobis romanSi Tanamedrove cxovrebis uamrav saWirboroto sakiTxs svams da misi moqalaqeobrivi siTamame, marTali da mware sityva mwerlis movaleobis Rrma SegnebiT aixsneba. magram es mainc ar aris nodar dumbaZis Semoqmedebis, kerZod, am romanis mTavari paTosi. mwerali yvelgan da yvelaSi mxolod sikeTes eZebs, aqac, sazogadoebis yvelaze saSiSi wevrebis sulsic ki igi adamianur grZnobebs qeqavs da amCnevs. es aris misi mwerluri mrwamsi. es aris misi sikeTis Tesvis meTodi. am gziT unda miaRwios Tavis saocnebo sawadels _ siketis saboloo zeims. romanis finalSi zaza sapatimrodan gaTavisuflebis pirvelsave Rames sizmrad aseTnairad xedavs am zeims: qveynierebis Tavze TovliviT TeTri, veeberTela da uspetakesi bairaRi fialebs, rogorc sikeTis, saTnoebis da siyvarulis simbolo. am rwmeniT savse finals axsna ara sWirdeba, misi simbolika aSkara da gamWvirvalea. me mxolod erT garemoebaze vamaxvileb yuradRebas. mkiTxvels SeiZleba moeCvenos, rom am romanSi mweralma uRalata sikeTis, saTnoebis da siyvarulis miseul simbolos da axla aseTad TeTri bairaRi irCia. amgvarad daskvna swori ar iqneba, araviTar Ralats adgili ara aqvs. am ocnebis samefoSi, jomolungmaze, saidanac moefineba qveynierebas TeTri bairaRi, romanis gmiri mzes mihyavs. diax, zaza nakaSiZes sayovelTao sikeTisa da siyvarulis gzaze swored mze miuZRveba. TiTqos aRareferi unda gagkvirveboda nidar dumbaZisagan, magram misma, samwuxarod, bolo romanma `maradisobis kanonma~ mainc saocari STabeWdileba moaxdina. es romani, erTi mxriv, organulad ukavSirdeba mwerlis Semoqmedebis saerTo sulsa da mizandasaxulobas, aqac aSkarad Cans avtoris stilis saerTo da ganmsazRvreli niSnebi, magram `maradisobis kanoni~ mainc erTgvarad gansxvavebulicaa Tavisi mxatvruli qsoviliTac da, rac mTavaria, konceptualurad wina romanebisagan. es SeiZleba imitomac moxda, rom aq gmirs cxovrebis aramarto saintereso, aramed sakmaod xangrZlivi skolac aqvs gamovlili da igi Wabukobas ukve karga xniT dacilebulia. da mainc, Tavisi mTliani suliskveTebiTac da mxatvruli sistemiTac romani `maradisobis kanoni~ nodar dumbaZis SemoqmedebiTi jaWvis erT-erTi orgnuli rgolia, gamocalkeveba SeuZlebelia, aqac mwerlis anTebuli gulis xanZari yovel xasiaTSi, yovel frazaSic ki gizgizebs. amitomac aris ase gadamdebi. `diax... Tqven xelovnuri guli ar gamogadgebaT, xelovnuri guliT Tqven ver icocxlebT...~ _ etyvis profesori baCana ramiSvils. sikeTis erTguleba borotebisadmi Seurigeblobas gulosxmobs. diax, borotebis moTmena, mSvidad cqera (mis Cadenaze rom aRareferi vTqvaT) mxolod xelovnuri gulia patronT Tu SeuZliaT, siyvaruliT savse adamianuri gulisaTvis amis atana SeuZlebelia, momakvdinebelia. amis sarwmuno epizodebi mravladaa romanSi. ai, erTi maTgani: redaqciis erT-erT muSaks qrTamis aRebis dros waaswreben. TanamSromelTa damikidebuleba am faqtisadmi gansxvavebulia. redaqtoris moadgilem, Tavad friad saeWvo pirovnebam, yvelaze metad gamoido Tavi. ara, mas guli ar stkenia. ifiqra, pasuxismgeblobas xom avicileb da iqneb davwinaurde kideco. amitom redaqtors Seutia. baCana ramiSvils ki Tavis redaqtoroba arc axsovda am dros, TanamSromlisa da megobris sacodaobiT, misi sircxviliT iwvoda. misi cxoveli siyvaruliT savse guli ver Seurigda verc am provocirebul danaSauls da verc moadgilis utifar gulborotebas. `...tkivili marjvena mxridan dawyo, uceb gulis ficrisaken daiZra da marcxena ZuZus qveS gaCerda. mere TiTqos viRacam mkerdi gadauxsnao, Sig dakoJrili xeli Cauyo da guli yurZnis mtevaniviT dauwura. wuravda nela, didi mondomebiT: erTi da ori, ori da sami, sami da oTxi... bolos ise mouWira xeli, ise dawura, sisxlis natamalic aRar dautova Sig da ase gamomSrali da daWyletili miagdo sadRac kuTxeSi, _ guli gaCerda. ara, ki ar gaCerda, jer fanjris minaze Semskdar beRurasaviT Cavarda qveviT, afrTxialda, gaibrZola da Semdeg gaCerda...~ saavadmyofoSi xangrZlivi wolis dros, jer iqac, mama ioramTan, bulikasTan da sxvebTan urTierTobiT, mere ki, rac mTavaria, sakuTari cxovrebis gamocdilebis gaxsenebiTa da gaanalizebiT, baCana ramiSvilma maradisobis kanons miagno, rac ase Camouyaliba mkurnals: `_ am kanonis azri imaSi mdgomareobs, pativcemulo profesoro, rom... adamianis suli gacilebiT ufro mZimea, vidre sxeuli, imdenad mZime, rom erT admians misi tareba ar SeuZlia. amitom, vidre cocxlebi varT, erTmaneTs xeli unda SevaSveloT da vecadoT rogorme ukvdavyoT erTmaneTis suli: Tqven Cemi, me sxvisi, sxvam sxvisi da ase dausabamod, rameTu im sxvisi gardacvalebis Semdeg ar davobldeT da martoni ar davrCeT am qveyanaze...~ baCana ramiSvilma axla mxolod gaicnobiera es kanoni, Torem isic da nodar dumbaZis sxva romanebis gmirebic adrec swored am uSesaniSnavesi mcnebis erTguli mimdevrebi ayvnen. moyvasis siyvaruli, Tanadgoma, sxvaTa sixarulis da tkivilis gaTaviseba saerTod nodar dumbaZis gmirebisaTvis da keZod baCanasaTvisac Cveulebrivi ram aris, normaa, maTi sulis moTxovnilebaa, amitomac arian isini erTdroulad ase xelSesaxebad cocxlebic da naTeldadgmulnic. `maradisobis kanoni~ misi gmiris am zneobrivi mrwamsis gamo, nawarmoebis didi da cxoveli humanisturi paTosis wyalobiT erTbaSad iqca mravalerovani sabWoTa mwerlobis kuTvnilebad, umal gaxmaurda da cnobili gaxda CvenSic da Cveni qveynis gareTac, gamoqveynebisTanave aitaca sabWoTa mkiTxvelma, nurekis udidesi hidroeleqtrosadguris mSenebelTa mravalaTasianma internacionalurma armiam erTxmad miiCnia sabWoTa mwerlobis erTerT saukeTeso nawarmoebad da muSaTa premia miakuTvna, mere ki mas umaRlesi jildoc, leninuri premiac mieniWa. am romans mravali Rirseba aqvs, mkiTxvelis yuradReba, upirveles yovlisa, erT umTavress minda mivaqcio. maradisobis es maRalzneobrivi kanoni yovlismimteveblobis qadagebas rodi niSnavs. BbaCana axladwamoCituli Wabuki iyo, roca glaxuna qerqaZis saxeliT kaci mokla, Tu kaci eTqmis yaCaRs, qveynis damwiokebels, samSoblos gamyidvels, adamianis daundobel mkvlels. ori RmerTi hyavda am qveynad baCanas, erTi_mwyemsi glaxuna qerqaZe yaCaRma manuCara kikviZe moukla da manac marto iZia Suri, Tumca mTel sofels swyuroda mkvlelis sisxli, gansasjelad Tavis meore RmerTTan, babuasTan mivida. patiosnebis, simarTlis, siyvarulis saxeliT sxva drosac ainTeba SurisZiebiT baCana. maSinac ki, roca saswauliT gadarCenili, saavadmyofoSi wevs gaunZrevlad, arafrad Caagdebs xifaTs da Ramis qoTans daamsxvrevs Tavze imas, vinc mxolod amgvar pasuxs imsaxurebs marTali da sufTa kacisagan, imdenad aSkarad imsaxurebs, rom mama ioramic ki uwonebs saqciels baCanas. nodar dumbaZis SemoqmedebaSi misma gmirma, romelic, SeiZleba iTqvas, romanidan romanSi gadadis da Cvens Tvalwin izrdeba da yalibdeba, aSkara cvlileba ganicada. Tu adre, Wabukobis xanaSi `mzian RameSi~ misi guli SemwynareblobiT iyo savse, imdenad, rom iuda abibosac ki miuteva danaSauli, axla `maradisobis kanonSi~ ufro Wkuadamjdari da gamocdili sxvagvarad fiqrobs. man irwmuna, rom borotebas amoZirkva unda da ara miteveba. am TvalsazrisiT gmiris Segnebisa da xasiaTis cvlileba mebrZoli humanizmisaken ixreba. baCanas borotebisadmi Seurigebel suls sxva epizodebSic araerTxel vgrZnobT da vxedavT. am dros mwerali Zalze ostaturad, yovelgvari xmamaRali sityvis gareSe migvaqcevinebs yuradRebas adamianis mankier mxareebze da maT dRevandel gamoxatulebaze, riTac Tanamedroveobis mwvave problemebsac wamoWris da Tavis gmiris sulier Rirsebebsac warmoaCens. boroteba ki, didi Tu patara, mudmivad Tan sdevs adamians. ase iyo dRemde, ase iqneba kidev didxans, Tu dausruleblad ara, radgan orTav sawyisi, borotica da keTilic, adamianiseulia. kacs cxovrebis manZilze aTasgvari SeniRbuli Tu SeuniRbavi boroteba Casafrebia da misi siZlieri Tu uZlureba srored siavesTan brZolaSi ikveTeba. am xvedrs verc baCana ramiSvili gadaurCa. gadaurCa ki ara, iqneb swored yvelaze metad da Zlieredac iwvnia basri, daundobeli, muxanaTuri maxvilis mier miyenebuli Wrilobebis mTeli simwvave. baCanas mudam Tvalwin udgas susxian riJaraJze rkinigzis provinciuli sadguris carieli baqani da iq mdgomi ori xelCakidebuli adamini: erTi TmagaSlili, upaltoo, SeSlili saxis qali da meore fexSiSveli, koWebamde TeTr perangSi CafarTxunebuli, gakvirvebuli biWi (brwyinvale kinokadria). es patara biWi Tavad baCanaa, qali ki _ deidamisi, satanisagan devnili ori miusafari wmindani. ase daiwyo baCanas cxovrebis gza da axlac, sikvdilTan mebrZols es zmaneba udgas Tvalwin. qveynad rom marto boroteba ar iyo, es baCanam male igrZno da gaigo. bevri Semoxvda mas amgvari keTili kaci, Tundac soflis eqimi da afTiaqari, magram yvelaze Zlier glaxuna qerqaZem agrZnobina da gaagebina es. sikeTis Zala da silamaze am mwyemsma kacma uCvena baCanas. manve misca imis gakveTili, Tu rogor vaJkacurad unda aRudge win borotebas, rogor uyoymanod unda emsxverplo kidec sikeTes. iSviaTad Ralatobs nodar dumbaZe epizodis agebis miseul xerxs, roca iumoriT iwyebs mas da cremliT amTavrebs. am romanSi ki mTeli siuJeturi xazia Tavisi ramdenime uaRresad mniSvnelovani epizodiT, sadac es xerxi mTlianad daciwyebulia. es aris baCanas da mariamis urTierTobis amsaxveli epizodebi. swored aq Cans mteli sicxadiT RvTaebrivi Zala da mSveniereba maradisobis kanonisa. iSviaTad wavikiTxavT sxvagan sadme Seyvarebuli qal-vaJis ufro lamazsa da amaRlebul istorias. am istorias mwerali romantikulad agviwers, ufro sworad, Tavad siyvaruli baCanasi da mariamisa aris romantikuli, zeaweuli, amaRlebuli, aramiwieri. es aris sulTa ltolva, erTbaSi da maradiuli, dauokebeli da mSvenieri. TaTqos yvelaferi ucnauria am istoriaSi _ baCanasa da mariamis pirveli Sexvedrac, mariamis moulodnelad kvlav gamocxadebac, Savnabadas mitovebul eklesiaSi jvariswerac, samadlos Tavlian borcvebze uxmod Seficuli siyvarulic, mariamis locvaca da misi aRsarebac. yvelaferi ucnauria, keTilSobilia, spetakia. `maradisobi kanoni~ mraval problemas wamoWris mkiTxvelis winaSe, romlebzedac mwerlis gulwrfeli pasuxic gvesmis. amas garda sainteresoa romanis mxatvruli struqtura, erTi SexedviT TiTqos amorfuli, magram sinamdvileSi ki uaRresad Sekruli da erT mTavar saTqmelad damorCilebuli, mTlianad misTvis gamiznuli. folkloridan, miTosidan, bibliidan moxmobili saxeebi Tu siuJetebi aq ise organulad erwymis nawarmoebis mxatvrul qsovils, rom Zaldautaneblad ikiTxeba da iSifreba. nadar dumbaZiseuli relizmi garTod moixmobs da itevs, organulad ixamebs folklorul siuJetebs, miTosur saxeebs, romantikul ganwyobilebebs, fantastikur xilvebs Tu naturalistur epizodebs da amiT met mniSvnelobas iZens, ufro STambeWdavad, emociurad, saxeobrivad gvixsnis mwerlis Rrma da saintereso saTqmels. `mze dedaa Cemi...~ _ saukuneebis manZilze ambobda da axlac imeorebs qarTveli kaci xalxis mier Seqmnil am ukvdav leqssa da saxes. fexad dedamiwaze Camosuli, baCanasa da mariamis sasTumalTan dawolili mzec, saerTod, mzis simbolika, romliTac esoden mdidari da damSvenebulia nodar dumbaZis mTeli Semoqmedeba, folkloruli pirvelwyarodan iRebs saTaves. qarTuli folklorisa ar iyos, deda da mze sinonimebia nodar dumbaZisaTvis da orTav erTad Tu cal-cake sikeTis, sinaTlis, sicocxlis, ukvdavebis simboloa. miTosuri analogiiT aris agebuli mariamis aRsarebac. swored am xerxiT gvagebinebs da gvagrZnobinebs mwerali borotebisagan mravaltanjuli qalis biografias. am mokle sityavaSi adamianis tragedia da imedi, dacema da aRzeveba Zlierad da amaRelveblad aris gamoTqmuli. es efeqti swored miTosiseuli xerxiT miiRweva: `_ axla yuri migde, giune... _ Tqva mariamma da ise daiwyo, TiTqos Tavis Tavs elaparakeboda: _...me xuTjer gardavicvale ukve da xuTjer movbrundi am qveyanaze... pirvelad me gardavicvale SiSiT da aRvsdeqi simartoveSi... meored me gardavicvale simartoviT da aRvsdeqi TvalTmaqcobaSi... mesamed me gardavicvale TvalTmaqcobiT da aRvsdeqi udardelobaSi... meoTxed me gardavicvale siZulviliT da aRvsdeqi siyvaruliT da vici, rom siyvaruliT gardavicvlebi... da es iqneba Cemi ukanaskneli gardacvaleba, me aRaraferSi aRar aRvsdgebi. me davrCebi maradiul siyvarulSi~. amis gverdiT romanSi vxedavT da vusmenT babiancs, verel biWebs Tu sxvebs da maTTan dakavSirebulma epiaodebma TiTqos naturalizmis daRi unda daasvas romans, magram nodar dumbaZis ostatobis mTeli saidumloeba, misi niWis madli swored imaSia, rom arc miTosuri nakadi aRiqmeba ararealurad da uSualod cxovrebidan gadmoxatuli _ naturalisturad. yvelferi es erTad ekleqtikur naerTs ki ar qmnis, aramed didi mxatvruli simarTlis matarebel organul mTlianobas. cxadia, `maradisobi kanoni~, es Zlieri da STambeWdavi gasxiveba mwerlis gulis siTbosi da sulis naTelisa, ver Seiqmneboda dumbaZiseuli mTavari simbolos gareSe. avtori am romanSic, roca saqme siyvaruls exeba, ramdenjerme mouxmobs mis uberebel kerps, sinaTlisa da siwmindis simbolos mzes. da ra Tqma unda, mouxmobs maSinac, roca mariamisa da baCanas did siyvarulze mogviTxrobs. ki ase: `... mwew mze Camovida fexad dedamiwaze, samadlos did, Tovlian mindorze gamoiara, adamis or naSiers TeTri, Tbili zewari gadaafara, sasTumlad dauwva da maTTan iyo...~ ase iqmneba Tanamedrove miTi mzeze. Cveulebriv prozaikosebi moTxrobebiT iwyeben da mere gadadian romanebze. nodar dumbaZe piriqiT moiqca, mxolod maSin dawera da gamoaqveyna Tavisi moTxrobebi, roca romanistis myari reputacia ukve mopovebuli hqonda. misma moTxrobebmac, iseve rogorc Tavis droze romanebma. cal-calkec da erTadac, wignad Sekrulebma, saocari STabeWdileba moxdina mkiTxvelze. Tavdapirvelad bevrs moeCvena, rom moTxrobebiT axali samyaros kari SeaRo mweralma. zogma amitom es misi Semoqmedebis gamravalferovnebad gamoacxada. iqneb raRac marcvali WeSmaritebisa marTlac iyos am mosazrebaSi, magram is ki cxadia, rom arc aqamde, moTxrobebamde miedineboda nodar dumbaZis proza erTferovan, mkacrad gaWril kalapotSi. amas garda, misi moTxrobebi _ `mze~, `didro~, `ZaRli~, ~korida~, `kukaraCa~, `boSebi~, `xazarula~ da sxva, miuxedavad maTi problematur-stiluri mravalferovnebisa, organulad ukavSirdeba mwerlis Semoqmedebis saerTo sulsa da mizandasaxulobas, amaTSic aSkarad Cans dumbaZis prozis saerTo da ganmsazRvreli niSnebi. nodar dumbaZis mTeli Semoqmedeba, Tu paTetikaSi ar CamomerTmeva es sityva, adamianisa da mzis sagalobelia. TiTqos amis ufro kondensirebulad gamosaxatavad dawera man moTxroba _ himni `mze~. didebulia mze_ `Semoqmedi~, `SeCveuli saswauli~. gulisfancqaliT misCerebian mas ercaxus mTaca da jargvalSi mofusfuse deda-Svilic, zRvaca da zRvispirad myofi uCveulo wyvilic _ mRvdelida milicioneri, sicocxliT savse axalgazrda qalica da sikvdilis Semyure adamianebic. didebulia mze Tavisi siamayiTac, roca acxadebs, me varo yvelaferi da yovlisSemZle, didebulia Tavisi gulCvilobiTac, roca maRlidan dahyurebs dedamiwaze datrialebul codvas da zRvas gamoutydeba, `yovel cismare dRe amis cqera SeuZlebeliao~. didebulia mze, magram kidev ufro didebulia adamiani da es uecari Semotrialeba mxatvruli zarisa moTxrobis boloSo didi STabeWdilebiT aqvs mwerals gadmocemuli. adamianis Rirsebisa da siamayis kidev erTi didebuli mxatvruli gamoxatulebaa moTxroba `umaduri~. ubralo sofleli kacis, asi wlis moxucis gudulis sikvdili valmoxdili adamianis mtkivneuli, magram mainc mSvidi gamoTxovebaa sicocxlesTan. aq Svilebis mier mitovebuli glexis martoobis gancdad SeiZleba amoikiTxos mkiTxvelma, sicocxlesTan gamoTxovebis simwarec, magram gudulis sikvdili tragizmis mtanjvel grZobas ar badebs. mxolod gaocebas iwvevs mkiTxvelSi, gaocebas imis gamo, rom aseTi Zlieri, didi gulis adamianebi arseboben am qvyanaze, romelTac SeuZliaT Rirseulad daasrulon amayi suliT gavlili grZeli gza cxovrebisa da sikvdilis wina wuTebi am qveyanaze sicocxlis ukvdavebaze locva-kurTxevaSi daxarjon. moTxrobaSi `didro~ did adamianur tragizmsac gvaziarebs mwerali da misi gancda didxans mihyveba mkiTxvels. esaa bedisweriT tanjuli kacis sulisSemZvreli moTxroba. nodar dumbaZis sayovelTaod cnobili iumori aq odnav satirul elfersac iZens moTxrobis pirvel naxevarSi, ris Semdeg `tvingawyalebuli~, yvelasagan abuCad agdebuli didros mier sikvdilis win wamierad dawmendili gonebiT danaxuli mTeli ubedureba sakuTari arsebobisa mkiTxvelisaTvis imav ZaliT gaxdeba TanagrZnobis Rirsi, ra ZaliTac gauwia TanagrZnoba Tavad mweralma. aseTi tragikuli JReradobiT iSviaTad amTavrebs Tavis saTqmels nodar dumbaZe. arc moTxrobaSi `ZaRli~ aklebs igi mkiTxvels mZime gancdebs, aqac iseve, rogorc umetes mis nawarmoebebSi, sicocxlis mudmiv Tanamgzavrad Cans sikvdili. aqac, moTxrobis dasasruls, oboli gogita sul marto rCeba, babuac ukvdeba, magram finali mainc imediT aris savse, radgan sicocxle maradiulia. da amas mwerali misTvis Cveuli saocari ZaliTa da taqtiT, yovelgvari xmamaRali sityvis gareSe axerxebs:L `sofels gavxede, odebidan kvamli amodioda TeTr bolqvebad. mamlebi yiodnen, Zroxebi bRaodnen, Txebi petelobdnen, Tiknebi kikinebdnen, qaTmebi kriaxobdnen, koncxoulaze uSvelebeli mze Semomdgariyo... uceb sxeuli siTboTi amevso da yurebSi sasiamovno zarma dareka~. ase erTimeoreze ukeTesia nodar dumbaZis patar-patara Tu mozrdili moTxrobebi, romlebic didi vnebebiT, xasiaTebiT, gancdebiT iqceven mkiTxvelis Seunelebel yuradRebas, me vityodi, mis aRtacebasac iwveven (es presis furclebzec bevrjer gamoTqmula da kidev ufro bevrjer mwerlis saxelze gamogzavnil aTasobiT baraTSi aris aRniSnuli). moTxrobebsac gamoyva nodar dumbaZis romanebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli avtobiografiulobac, iumoric, lirizmic, dramatizmic, gmirebisadmi Seufaravad gamoxatuli TanagrZnobac, erTi sityviT, yvelaferi, rac gansazRvravs nodar dumbaZis stils da, rac mTavaria, gamoyva mwerlis mtavari simbolo mze, romlis kulti iseve, rogorc yvela romanSi, aqac, yovel moTxrobaSi aSkaraa. moxuci guduli moTxroba `umaduridan~ wamdauwum mzes gascqeris simSvidiT, sinaTliT asavsebad. glexi kacis yoveli Cveulebrivi, yofiTi saqmis moTavebis Semdeg mzes gaxedavs xolme igi da gaesaubreba. da ra gasakviria, roca sikvdilis moaxloebas igrZnobs guduli da am qeyanas imSvidobeba, upirvelesad, mzes mimarTavs, mdablad daukravs Tavs, muxls moiyris mis winaSe da etyvis: `mSvidobiT, mzeo batono, didi, uzenaesi da umaRlesi madloba Sen!~ ase icxovra amqveynad mzis, misi saxiT ki sikeTis, saTnoebis, siyvarulis sadideblad nodar dumbaZem, ase Seqmna da dagvitova mziT savse Semoqmedeba. igi guduliviT, oRond am moxucTan SedarebiT bevrad axalgazrda, daemSvidoba mzes da albaT manac ase uTxra: `mSvidobiT, mzeo batono, didi, uzenaesi da umaRlesi madloba Sen!~ ai, rac mindoda meTqva mkiTxvelisaTvis mziani gulis adamianze da mweralze nodar dumbaZeze. Tu ratom airCia nodar dumbaZem TviTgamoxatvis formad maincdamainc mwerloba, pasuxs am kiTxvaze misive Semoqmedeba iZleva, es arCevani ki, etyoba, misi TviTSegrZnebis sam svets damyarebulma impulsma gansazRvra: _ adamianebTan komunikalobis saocari unari_grZnobis gaziarebis paTosiT... _ gezi artistizmis sakuTari BbeWdiT dasmuli sikeTisaken... _ msoflgagebis ganuyofel Tvisebad qceuli humori... nodar dumbaZis Semoqmedebisa da pirovnebis konteqstSi TviTeuli es gaqtori ayvanilia sagangebo Temis, an motivis xarisxSi. isini aq cxovrebis Camuqebul samyzrodan amovardnil xanZris kerebad ganicdebian... man sakuTar kanonzomierebas damorCilebuli samyaro Seqmna. am samyaroSi sruliad moulodneli kuTxebidan naTdeba adamianTa vnebaTaRelvis xan wamaxul, xanac TanalmobiT momnusxveli formebi. giorgi gaCeCilaZe Cvens literaturaSi marto nawarmoebi, UTundac Sedevri ar wyvets moqmedebis beds. nawarmoebs unda mosdevdes avtoris biografiuli simdidrec. metic: igi Tavis Semoqmedebaze maRla unda idges. es garemoeba erTaderTi garantiaa eris, naciis kulturaSi mwerlis saboloos darCenisa. sabas, ilias, akakisa da vaJas qveyanaSi am Sexedulebas mtkiceba ar sWirdeba. SeiZleba nawarmoebi mogewonos, magram avtors pativs ar scemdes da ar giyvardes igi. nodar dumbaZem, rogorc rCeulma, Tavisi samSoblos siyvaruli da pativiscema daimsaxura, da orive _ damsaxurebulad! akaki gawerelia. nodar dumbaZis Semoqmedeba uaRresad qarTulia ar marto iq gamoxatuli garemoTi da xasiaTebiT, cxovrebis wesiTa da CvevebiT, yvelam mTavari Tu aramTavari mxatvruli komponentiT, aramed, rac mTavaria, qarTulia im fesvebiT, romliTac warsulis erovnul kulturas ukavSirdeba da im maRla gantotvili gvirgviniTac, momavlis mwerlobas rom swvdeba winaparTagan STamomavlobiT miRebuli erovnuli sulisa da mrwamsis gadasacemad. guram gverdwiTeli. roca nodaris literaturul mimkvidreobaze vfiqrob, mimaCnia, rom man axal simaRleze aiyvana qarTuli literatura, epikisa da aRsarebiTi amooxvris Senacvlebis gziT pirvelma Seitana masSi wminda poeziis badali nakadi Tavisufali Segnebisa. misi cdebis gareSe, ar iqneboda bevri ram, riTac dRes amayobs qarTuli literatura. evgeni evtuSenko. mas Zalian uyvarda adamianebi. Cemive naTqvams vimeoreb, magram ar SemiZlia ar vilaparako amaze, imitom rom saxalxo siyvarulis okeabe mis garSemo mudam Relavda, aZlevda Zalas da me darwmunebuli var, amoZravebda nodaris cxovrebas. siyvaruli sicocxlismomniWebelia. igi, rogorc SeeZlo iRwvoda, magram xalxic afasebda mis yoveldRiur cxovrebas. is iyo didi mwerali da amasTanave dadbunovani adamiani. gaxsebenac ki meZneleba, vis SeeZlo aseTi gamWriaxobiTY SeegrZno bolomde adamianebi, rogorc es nodars sCvevia, vis SeeZlo ase gaego da winaswar egrZno iseTi dabadebis dRe gadavixadoT, jer rom aravis gaduxdia... modi, Tu Zma xar... _ Tbiliso, Cemo Tbiliso, Sekribe mTeli Seni quCebi da modiT dRes CemTan, ramoxda, erTi saaTiT modiT, bolos da bolos, Tqveni Svili ara var?.. Tqvens quCebSi da CixebSi ar avidgi fexi? hoda, modiT da damloceT, Tqve dalocvilebo... da vici, rom yvela mova, yvela da rac ar unda patara iyos es oTaxi, mainc yvela daeteva, yvela Tu ar daeteva, rigirigobiT Semovlen da momilocaven. ra moxda mere? Cems dalocvas da dRegrZelobas ra unda? arafri, sul oriode sityva. _ gagirjos, Temuri, bednierad da janmrTelad iyavi, Sens megobrebs gaumarjos, Zmakacis imedi da Zmoba nu mogiSalos, Sens marjvenas gaumarjos, Seni cxovrebis gzas gaumarjos, Sens fiqrs gaumarjos, Sens ocnebas, mamuli gicocxlos RmerTma, da ojaxi... gagimarjos, Temuri... meti me araferi ar minda... Tanamedroveni nodar dumbaZeze iseTi pirovnebebi, rogoric nodar dumbaZea, sulan-xorcianad xalxs ekuTvnian, mSobel xalxs ekuTvnis maTi gulida sTagoneba. mxolod mSobeli xalxia maTi bedisa da gulisTqmis gamgebeli, maTi fiqrisa da wadilis namdvili mokarnaxe. xalxi kidev bevrs moelis da moiTxovs Tavis rCeuli Svilebisagan. guram asaTiani nodar dumbaZe CemTvis axlobelia sicocxlis SegrZnebiT, imis rwmeniT, rom realuri cxovreba mxolod maSinaa sisxlsavse da azriani, roca masSi iRviZebs miTis xsovna, roca misTvis ucxo ar aris zRapari da arc rcxvenia misi aRiareba. da kidev imiT aris axlobeli, rom bavSvoba, Tu adamians axsovs da araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar uaryofs mas, ayalibebs mis pirovnebas... yovelive es gansazRvravs mis diapazons da rac ufro farTovdeba misi Tvalswieri miT ufro Tanamedrovea adamiani, rameTu masSi dauokebelia harmoniulobisaken swrafva. aseTi iyo Tavad nodari _ delikaturi, daxvewili adamiani, moulodneli RimiliT, sixaruliT rom gvasaCuqrebda yvelas, RimiliT, romelic ase aucilebelia yovelTvis. Cingiz aitmatovi gmadlobT yuradRebisaTvis!