University of Rome La Sapienza Faculty of Statistics, Aula Magna 2

RIUNIONE DEI PRESIDENTI DELLE COMMISSIONI COMPETENTI IN
MATERIA DI OCCUPAZIONE, RICERCA E INNOVAZIONE
Roma, 20- 21 novembre 2014
Camera dei deputati (Palazzo Montecitorio)
Scientific Research as an engine
for European economic recovery
Professor Daniele Archibugi
Italian National Research Council, Rome
Birkbeck College, University of London
What have we learnt from the
economics of innovation
• Research and Development is crucial for
economic growth
• R&D is part of larger economic landscape
involving innovation and he knowledge society
• Countries that innovate grew more than
countries that do not innovate
The Ambitious Targets of the
European Council
The political message of the European Union:
Lisbon 2000 – The European Union should become
the largest knowledge economy of the world
Barcelona 2002 – The European Union should reach a
ration R&D to GDP equal to 3 per cent
Business R&D intensity (BERD as % of GDP), 2000, 2007, 2011
3,5
3,0
2,5
%
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0
2011 (3)
Source: DG Res earch and Innovation - Econom ic Analys is Unit
Data: Euros tat, OECD
2007 (2)
2000 (1)
Innovation Union Com petitivenes s report 2013
Government budget appropriations and outlays
for R&D, 2008 and 2011 as a %age of GDP
European Union - R&D Intensity
and Industrial R&D Efficiency
R&D and Growth
The balances of firms investing and disinvesting
in innovation before and after the crisis
The catching-up of the New Member States
before the crisis
0.7
Declining Nobility
Switzerland
0.7
InnoStruct performance
Denmark
0.6
United Kingdom
Austria
Luxemburg
Belgium
0.5 France
Netherlands
Ireland
Estonia
0.1
0.2
0.3
Spain
Hungary
Latvia
Sweden
Finland
Germany
0.6
0.0
Aristocracy
0.5
0.4
0.5
Slovenia
0.6
Czech
rep.
0.4
Norway
Portugal
Greece
Italy
0.4
0.3
0.7
Poland
0.3
Third State
0.2
InnoInv 06-08 performance
0.8
0.9
1.0
Slovakia
Lithuania
Romania
Bulgaria
Parvenu
The struggle between the 3% targets
Stability and Growth Pact: Governments should not
bypass 3% in the ratio public deficit / GDP
Can public expenditure for Research, Technology and
Innovation be excluded from the Stability and Growth
Pact? Can we persuade European governments to
invest more in knowledge?
Public R&D Expenditure should be excluded from
the Stability and Growth Pact
A New Horizon 2020
Can public expenditure for Research, Technology and
Innovation be the driving force to nurture European
Economic and Social Development?
Yes, if:
• Convince the public opinion of its usefulness
• Distributes benefits at large
• Provide best practice of accountable public
expenditure
Science with and for society can help
Perché l’Italia innova poco?
• Specializzazione produttiva in settori a media
intensità tecnologica
• Difficoltà delle imprese innovative a crescere
per problemi amministrativi e per il difficile
accesso al credito
• Lo smantellamento delle Partecipazioni Statali
ha dimezzato le grandi imprese coinvolte in
innovazioni complesse
Le politiche pubbliche non hanno
fatto il proprio lavoro
• Cattiva gestione delle Università, che non sono state capaci di
fornire personale qualificato alle imprese
• Scarsa dimensione e poca efficienza degli enti pubblici di
ricerca (CNR, ENEA)
• Difficoltà di diventare punto di aggregazione in settori
strategici europei e mondiali
• Periodiche false partenze in settori strategici (Nucleare,
Chimica, Aerospazio) a volte sbagliati, altre volte abbandonati
troppo presto
• Assenza di una strategia di lungo periodo
Che si può fare?
• Tentare una nuova politica industriale
• Facilitare la crezione di nuove imprese
• Riformare radicalmente il settore pubblico
della conoscenza (Università, Enti Pubblici di
Ricerca, Scuola superiore)