THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB: by Silvia Pereira Chapter 2

THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB:
Chapter 2
by Silvia Pereira
History of the Internet

Began as a networking project by the
Pentagon
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Goal was to build a network that:
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Allowed scientists from around the world to share
information and work together
Could work even if part of the network was destroyed by a
disaster
How the Internet Works

Connecting to the Internet
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Dial-up access
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DSL and ISDN

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The modem on the computer uses a telephone line to
connect (slow speed)
A higher speed connection using regular copper telephone
wires
Cable Modem

Provides high-speed connection through a cable television
network
Access Providers

These are businesses that give people and
companies access to the Internet for a fee.
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An ISP gives phone numbers which allow access

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Connects people to an access point (point of presence:
POP)
An OSP includes member-only features
A WSP provides wireless access to users with
wireless modems or Web-enabled mobile devices
How Data Travels the Internet

Connected computers work together to transfer
data and information around the world
–
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Use servers and clients
Carriers of network traffic are known as the
Internet backbone
Data is transferred from one network to
another until it reaches its final destination
Internet Addresses
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An addressing system is needed to send data
to a specific destination
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An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies
each computer to the Internet
A Domain name is the text version of an IP address

Every domain name has a top-level domain, identifying the
organization associated with the domain
The World Wide Web


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Each document on the Web is called a Web
page
A Web site is a collection of related pages and
items that are stored on a Web server
A Web browser allows users to use pages
A home page is the first page a Web site
shows
–

Can be changed to whatever the user wants it to be
Downloading is how a computer gets
information
Web Addresses


Each Web page has a unique address, known
as a URL
A URL is typed into the Address text box at the
top of the browser window
–

It consists of a protocol, domain name, and maybe a
path to a specific page
A Web server is a computer that sends
requested pages to computers
Navigating Web Pages
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Links
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Connect from a Web page to another related page

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Nonlinear way to get information
Use of links is referred to as “surfing the Web”
Are usually underlined and in a color different from
the other text on that page
Searching for Info on the Web

A search engine finds Web sites and pages
about chosen topics
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Keywords are entered in the text box
Hits, or Web page names that contain text with the
keywords, are displayed
A spider is a program that saves the list of
keywords used
A subject directory puts pages into a set of
categories
Types of Web Pages


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Portal
News
Informational
Business/Marketing
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Educational
Entertainment
Advocacy
Personal
Caution! No one oversees the contents of these
pages, so don’t assume they’re accurate.
Multimedia on the Web

An application that combines text with:
–
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Graphics
Animation
Audio
Video
Virtual reality
Plug-Ins
E-Commerce

A business transaction occurring over the Web
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B2C: sale of goods and services to the public

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C2C: when one consumer sells directly to another

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Electronic storefront
Online auction
B2B: when a business offers goods and services to
another business
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Technical support
E-Mail

It’s the transmission of messages and files via
a computer network
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E-mail program: used to conduct e-mails
One must address to whom e-mail is being sent to


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An address has a user name and a domain name
A user name is unique to each user in a domain
Address books are useful

Contains a list of names and e-mail addresses
FTP and Mailing Lists
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File Transfer Protocol
–

Permits file uploading and downloading
Mailing Lists
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Group of e-mail names and addresses under a
single name

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Everyone on that list receives a copy of a message in their
mailbox
Can subscribe and unsubscribe
Newsgroups and Message Boards

Newsgroups:
–
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Online area where users have discussions about a
particular subject through articles
Members send messages so others can reply

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Thread: a discussion that’s made up of an original article
and all subsequent replies
A news server stores and distributes messages
Message boards are similar to newsgroups, but they
don’t need a newsreader to participate in discussion
Chat Rooms and Instant Messaging
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Chat rooms
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Place on the server that allows users to chat

Chat: a real-time conversation
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Real-time: people are conversing online at the same time; no
time elapse
Instant Messaging
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Communication service that allows people to
exchange message or files

Also in real-time
Netiquette

Code of acceptable behaviors users should
follow on the Internet
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Avoid offensive language
Avoid sending spam
Don’t use all capital letters

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Use emoticons to express emotion

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It’s like SHOUTING!
:)
Use abbreviations and acronyms for phrases

BRB means Be Right Back
Web Publishing


It’s the development and maintenance of Web
pages
Five major steps to Web publishing
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Plan a Web site
Analyze and design a Web site
Create a Web site
Deploy a Web site
Maintain a Web site
5 Steps of Web Publishing

Plan a Web site
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Identify the purpose of the site
Determine ways to make the site unique
Analyze and design a Web site
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Determine how to meet the aforementioned goals
Design the layout

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Text, graphics, audio, video, and virtual reality
Decide if this is possible, or if it is taking on too
much
5 Steps of Web Publishing cont’d

Create a Web site
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Compose the site
Deploy a Web site
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Store the site on a Web server

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Registering the site with search engines is a good way to
ensure many people see it, for it will appear in the hit list for
searches on related keywords
Maintain a Web site
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Frequently make sure information is updated and
links are current