fo'ks"k ys[k Inside

Registered with the Registrar of Newspapers of India:
JUNE 2008
VOL. 6
NO. 6
R.N.
DELENG/2002/8668
PRICE: Rs. 2.00
Important
Science Days/
Weeks for
VIPNET
Activities
Inside
fo'ks"k ys[k
August 1
Partial Solar
Eclipse
Vigyan Prasar & National Rail Museum, New
Delhi organised three Science Activity Summer
Camp from May 20 to June 8, 2008.
fo'o ds [kk| ladV dk
fVdkÅ lek/kku
Participants involved in ‘Fun with Nature’
activities during summer camp 2008.
August 1-7
World BreastFeeding Week
August 6
Hiroshima Day
2
August 9
Nagasaki Day
An exhibition on hands-on activities were also
organised during the summer camp 2008.
Participants had first hand experience with the
working of steam locomotives during summer
camp 2008.
August 16
Partial Lunar
Eclipse
ftKklk dk l`tu
foiusV laokn% foKku xfrfof/k
lej dSEi 2008 9
August 25 –
September 8
National Eye
Donation Fortnight
Members of Science club, Krishna Vidhya Mandir,
Junagadh, Gujarat organised an exhibition on
Mathematics, during March, 2008.
C. V. Raman Science Club, Yamuna Nagar,
Haryana organised a poster making competition
on the theme – ‘Green Earth’ during World Earth
Day 2008.
Milk: Ideal Nutrient Diet
8
D;ksa vkSj dSls
10
lkbUVwu
xksyw dh lksp
foKku lqf[kZ;k¡
September 5
Teachers Day
September 8
International
Literacy Day
Eye Donation Day
September 11
Partial Solar
Eclipse
VIPNET Questionnaire
Photo Quiz
Planet Earth Puzzle
August 9
International Youth
Day
September 16
World Ozone Day
11
12
Vanraj Science Club, Block Nainpur, Mandla (M.P.)
organised a science awareness camp during
June, 2008.
Vigyan Prasar organised a Science awareness
programme for slum’s children with Leaf
Foundation in New Delhi on May 30, 2008.
September 28
Green Consumer
Day
An empty stomach is not a good political adviser.
- Albert Einstein
i`Foh xzg dk vURkjkZ"Vªh; o"kZ 2008
!
MkW- vkj- Mh- 'kekZ
[email protected]
vkt fo'o ds le{k [kk| ladV dh leL;k fodjky :i /kkj.k djrh tk jgh gSA HkhM+ c<+rh tk jgh gS vkSj vukt de gksrk tk jgk gSA fgVyj
us izFke fo'o ;q¼ ds nkSjku :l ij p<+kbZ xsgw¡ ds [ksrksa ds fy, dh FkhA ;fn bl leL;k ls fuiVus ds LFkkbZ bartke u fd, x, rks fQj ls ,slh
fLFkfr;k¡ vk ldrh gSaA vkt vejhdk Hkkjr ij T;knk Hkkstu [kkus dh ftEEksnkjh Fkksi jgk gSA bl rF; ls lHkh okfdÛQÛ gSa dh vkt vukt dk
iz;ksx cgqrk;r esa tSfod b±/ku cukus ds fy, fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj rsy dh c<+rh dherksa ls eagxkbZ c<+rh tk jgh gSA fo'o ds [kk| ladV ds
fVdkÅ lek/kku ds fy, ;gk¡ izLRkqr gS ofj"B d`f"k foKkuh ,oa foKku ys[kd MkW- jes'k nÙk 'kekZ dk lkjxfHkZr vkys[kA
ge vius lq/kh ikBdksa ,oa foKku Dyc ds lnL;ksa ls fofHkUUk izdkj dh i;kZoj.k] LOkkLF;] d`f"k ,oa lcaf/kr oSf'od o LFkkuh; leL;kvksa
ds lek/kku ij vk/kkfjr jpuk,¡ vkeaf=r djrs gSaA Lrjh; jpukvksa dks foiusV esa LFkku fn;k tk,xkA
& laiknd
[k vkSj I;kl feVkus ds fy, vUUk&ty euq"; dh gh ugha lHkh xka/kkjh dk gkFk mu rd ugha igqap ik;kA FkksM+h nsj rks og mNy&mNy dj
izkf.k;ksa dh cqfu;knh t:jrsa gSa A ouoklh ekuo taxyksa ls dksf'k'k djrh jghA fQj mlus rhu csVksa dh yk'ksa ,d&,d dj ?klhVha vkSj
dan&ewy&Qy cVksjdj vkSj taxyh tkuojksa dk f'kdkj djds mUgsa rjkÅ ij j[kdj muds Åij p<+ xbZ vkSj csj rksM+dj [kk,A rHkh ogka
Hkw[k feVkrk jgkA I;kl feVkus ds fy, taxyh >jus vkSj >hysa FkhaA lH;rk dk Jhd`".k izdV gq, vkSj xka/kkjh pqipki muds lkFk jktegy ykSV vkbZA
fodkl gh rHkh ls 'kq: gqvk] tc euq"; us unh&?kkfV;ksa esa Qlyksa dh [ksrh vkf[kjdkj Hkw[k ls ,saBrh varfM+;ksa us gh xka/kkjh dk eksgHkax fd;kA
'kq: dhA vkt Hkw[k vkSj I;kl us vkneh dks cg'kh cuk fn;k gSA gSrh tSls
fganh ds lqizfl¼ dfo uhjt dh ,d iafDr gS % ^^Hkw[k balku dks gSoku
vusd vÝhdh ns'kksa esa vkSj bZftIV esa Hkw[ks yksxksa dh HkhM+ us lgk;rk ds fy,
cuk nsrh gS** izfl¼ ouLifrfoK izks- iapkuu egs'ojh dk dguk Fkk fd
igqaph [kk| lkexzh ywV yhA nwj D;ksa tk,a vius ns'k esa gh ikap o"kks± ls lw[ks
fgVyj us izFke fo'o;q¼ ds nkSjku :l ij p<+kbZ ;wØsu ds xsgwa ds [ksrksa ds
ds f'kdkj cqansy[kaM ds egkscdaB Fkkuk {ks= esa dqN yksxksa us vius iM+kslh dh
fy, dh FkhA fo'o esa bl le; vk;k Hk;adj [kk|&ladV dgha fo'o dks
jksVh ywV yhA ;gha ds egksck {ks= esa dLokFkkbZ esa ikuh ds nks VSadj Hkh ywVs x;s]
fQj ls egk;q¼ dh vkx esa rks ugha >ksad nsxk\
ftlesa dqN flikgh Hkh ?kk;y gq,A ;gka ,sls 15 {ks= gSa tgka ikuh ds fy,
[kwu cg jgk gSA Hkw[kk D;k u djrk] ;g bu ?kVukvksa ls fl¼ gksrk gSA
blh iz'u ls fopfyr gksdj la;qDr jk"Vª us jkse esa fo'o ds yxHkx
egkHkkjr dk ,d izlax gSA ;q¼ lekIr gks pqdk FkkA xka/kkjh ds ,d lkS iq= 60 ns'kksa ds jk"Vªk/;{kksa dk [kk| f'k[kj lEesyu vk;ksftr fd;kA blds
ekjs x, FksA og mudh yk'ksa
vk;kstu dk mÙkjnkf;Ro ,Qfood security will have to be defined as ‘physical, economic, social and
ns[kus ds fy, igqaphA vka[kksa Sustainable
,-vks- & QwM ,aM ,xzhdYpj
ecological access to balanced diets and safe drinking water, so as to enable every
ij caèkh iV~Vh [kksydj dkSjoksa individual to lead a productive and healthy life in perpetuity’...Prof. MS Swaminathan vkWxuZ kbts'ku us laHkkykA la;Dq r
ds 'ko ns[ks rks /kkM+sa ekjdj
jk"Vª
ds
egklfpo
jksus yxhA 'kke gqbZ rks ;qf/kf"Bj lfgr lHkh yksx mls eukus ds fy, igqaps fd ^cku&dh&ewu* us dgk fd fo'o dh c<+rh tula[;k dks isV Hkjus ds fy,
vc jktegy ykSV pyksA nwljs fnu Jhd`".k Hkh x,A xka/kkjh dk jksuk&dyiuk lu~ 2030 rd nqfu;k dks [kk|kUu dk mRiknu c<+kdj nqxuk djuk
fQj Hkh can ugha gqvkA rc mUgksaus lcdks lykg nh fd vc bUgsa ;gha NksM+ nksA iM+sxkA mUgksaus crk;k fd varjkZ"Vªh; eaMh esa fiNys rhl lkyksa esa igyh ckj
rhljs fnu xka/kkjh dks cM+s tksj dh Hkw[k yxhA mlus pkjksa rjQ fuxkg nkSM+kbZ vukt dh dhersa vkleku Nw jgh gSaA fiNys rhu lkyksa esa vuktksa ds nke
rks mls csjksa dk ,d >kM+ fn[kkA ysfdu ids&ids csj brus Åij yxs Fks fd nwus c<+ x, gSaA
Hkw
VIPNET NEWS
2
June 2008 / Vol. 6 / No. 6
i`Foh xzg dk vURkjkZ"Vªh; o"kZ 2008
jk"Vªifr cq'k us rks fo'o ds orZeku [kk| ladV dh ftEesnkjh Hkkjr ij
Mkyrs gq, dgk fd Hkkjr ds yksx T;knk Hkkstu [kk jgs gSaA mUgksaus Hkkjr]
czkthy] fo;ruke vkSj bftIV lfgr 40 ns'kksa ij vkjksi yxk;k fd bu
ns'kksa us [kk|kUu ds fu;kZr ij ikcanh yxk nh gS] blfy, [kk| ladV c<+k gSA
jk"Vªifr cq'k dh bu ckrksa ij fo'o ds lapkj ek/;eksa esa mudh cM+h Hkn~n
fiVhA lHkh tkurs gSa fd fo'o esa egaxkbZ c<+kus esa rsy dh dhersa c<+us dk Hkkjh
vlj iM+k gSA nf{k.k fnYyh ds cktkjksa esa cSaxu 13 #i;s] vnjd 25
#i;s] QwyxksHkh 10 #i;s] djsyk 12 #i;s izfr 250 xzke fcdus yxkA
blh rjg ckdh [kk| oLrqvksa dh dherksa esa Hkh mNky vk;k] D;ksafd mUgsa
mRiknu&LFky ls eaMh rd <ksus dk [kpkZ rsy dh dhersa c<+us&ls cgqr c<+
x;kA fo'o Lrj ij vejhdk ftl rjg vius fdlkuksa dks vukt]
Qy&lfCt;ksa dks mxkus gh ugha] cfYd [ksr [kkyh NksM+us ij Hkh lfClMh nsrk
vk jgk gS] mldk vlj iM+k gSA nwljh vksj ;s if'peh ns'k Tokj] eDdk]
rksfj;k] lks;kchu] rsyrkM+ tSls [kk|ksa ls bZFksuksy tSlk tSo b±/ku cukdj
[kk| oLrqvksa esa vkx yxk jgs gSaA vehjksa
dk b±/ku xjhcksa ds Hkkstu ls Li/kkZ dj jgk
gSA yxHkx 10 djksM+ Vu vukt vehj
ns'k tSo bZa/ku cukus esa Qwad jgs gSaA
nqfu;k dh Hkw[k feVkus ij dsoy 30 vjc Mkyj [kpZ gksasxsA b/kj vius ns'k
eas ljdkjh ,stasfl;ka nks djksM+ nl yk[k Vu xsgwa dh [kjhn djds viuh ihB
Bksad jgh gSaA vxj gekjs fdlku vf/kd xsgwa iSnk u djrs rks ljdkj xsgaw dgka
ls [kjhnrhA [kjhnk x;k cgqr&lk xsgwa mÙkj izns'k vkSj nwljs dbZ jkT;ksa esa
[kqys esa frjiky ls <dk iM+k gSA pwgs vkSj ckfj'k bldk dkQh fgLlk cjckn
dj nsaxsA fiNys lky ljdkj 114 yk[k Vu xsgwa gh [kjhn ikbZ Fkh vkSj
ckgj ls xsgwa eaxkuk iM+k] tks cM+k eagxk iM+kA vc fdlkuksa dks Hkh leFkZu
ewY; c<+kdj fn;k x;k rks fdlkuksa us xsgwa ls eafM;ka ikV nhaA ;gh gky /kku dk
gqvkA 11 twu 2008 rd ljdkj 2 djksM+ 52 yk[k Vu /kku [kjhn pqdh
FkhA flracj rd nks djksM+ 76 yk[k Vu rd [kjhn dh mEehn gSA
lu~ 2007&08 esa ljdkjh vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj [kk|kUu dk fjdkMZ
mRiknu gqvk & 22 djksM+ 73 yk[k VuA 2002&04 esa 21 djksM+ 32
yk[k Vu gqvk FkkA blesa /kku Øe'k% 9 djksM+ 57 yk[k Vu vkSj 8 djksM+
85 yk[k Vu] xsgaw 7 djksM+ 68 yk[k Vu rFkk 7 djksM+ 5 yk[k Vu] eDdk
1 djksM+ 85 yk[k Vu rFkk 1 djksM+ 50 yk[k
Vu rFkk vjgj 3 yk[k Vu iSnk gqbZA dikl eas
Hkh c<+ksrjh ntZ dh xbZA lu~ 2007&08 esa 2
djksM+ 32 yk[k xkaB dikl iSnk gqbZ] tcfd
2003&04 esa 1 djksM+ 73 yk[k xkaBsa dikl
bUgha fnuks a is f jl es a ^vks b Z l hMh*
iSnk gqbZ FkhA ;g miyfCèk fdlkuksa us ekSleh
(vkWxuZ kbts'ku QkWj bdksuksfed dksvksijs'ku
pkyckth vkSj ljdkjh e'khujh dh <hy ds
,.M MsoyiesaV) ds ns'kksa dh Hkh cSBd gqbZA
ckotwn iSnk dhA gky esa gh dukZVd esa [kjhQ dh
bl vkfFkZd vkSj fodkl laxBu dks vehj
Qlyksa ds fy, moZjdksa dh deh ls ckS[kyk,
ns'kksa dk ^fFkad VSad* ekuk tkrk gSA lkFk gh
fdlku lM+dksa ij mrj vk,A
nksgk esa fo'o O;kikj laxBu dh Hkh cSBd
gqbZA bu lcdk etkd&lk mM+krs gq,
lu~ 2007&08 esa Hkkjr ds vkfFkZd fodkl
vejhdk dh lhusV us vius fdlkuksa dks
esa d`f"k dk ;ksxnku lu~ 2002 ds ckn c<+k vkSj
vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsus ds fy, 300 vjc
3-5 izfr'kr dh nj ij igqapkA dqy vkfFkZd
vukt dh ns ' kh fdLes a [kk|kUUk la d V dks nw j djus es a
Mkyj dk fcy ikl dj fn;kA brus /ku ls
fodkl dh nj 9 izfr'kr crkbZ xbZ gS] tks d`f"k
lgk;d gks ldrh gS a A
fo'o ds orZeku [kk| ladV dks nwj djus
dh o`f¼ nj ls gh c<+h gSA ;g lgh gS fd ljdkj
esa yxk;k tkrk] rks nqfu;k ds gj Hkw[ks ns'k dks eagxk gksus ij Hkh Hkjiwj us 71]660 djksM+ dh dtZ ekQh dh ?kks"k.kk dhA blls dqy 3-7 djksM+
[kk|kUu miyC/k djk;k tk ldrk FkkA rksfd;ks esa vÝhdh vkSj vU; fdlkuksa dks ykHk gksxkA blesa cM+s fdlku Hkh 'kkfey fd, x,A dqy 237
fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds chp gq, lEesyu esa Hkh ;gh eqn~nk mBk;k x;kA la;qDr ftys bl ;kstuk ds fy, pqus x, gSaA 31 ekpZ 1997 ls 31 ekpZ 2007
jk"Vª ds ^oYMZ QwM izksxzke* ds dk;Zdkjh funs'kd tkslsa 'khjka us rqjar dkjZokbZ rd tkjh d`f"k&½.kksa dks bl dtZ ekQh ;kstuk esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
djus ij cy nsrs gq, dgk fd ^^ekuoh; lgk;rk ds fy, [kk|kUu dh [kjhn ysfdu ;s dtZ ekQh ykxw djus esa /kka/kyh dh [kcjsa vkus yxh gSaA Qlyksa ds
ij djksa esa NwV nsaA**
vykok Msjh] ikWYVªh] lwvj ikyu] HksM+ ikyu] e/kqeD[kh ikyu] xzhugkml
isfjl esa ,Q,vks ds egkfuns'kd MkW- tSDl nwQ us ,d fjiksVZ tkjh fd vkSj ck;ksxSl la;a=ksa ds fy, dtZ ysus okys Hkh la'kksf/kr dtZ ekQh ;kstuk esa
ftlesa vk'kadk O;Dr dh xbZ fd vxys lky Hkh Hkw[k ls =Lr yksxksa ds naxs 'kkfey fd, x, gSaA dtZ ekQh Bhd ls ykxw djus ds ckn gekjh vkRe
tkjh jgsasxsA bl le; fo'o esa 86-2 djksM+ yksx Hkq[kejh ds paxqy esa gSaA bl fuHkZjrk Hkh cjkcj cuh jgs vkSj fdlkuksa dh vkfFkZd gkyr Hkh lq/kjs vkSj
fjiksVZ esa vuktksa dk mRiknu fxjus ds fy, ekSleh ?kVc<+ dks Hkh ftEesnkj vUunkrk fdlku dks vkRe gR;k djus ds fy, etcwj u gksuk iM+sA
Bgjk;k x;k] ftlesa tyok;q ifjorZu dk izHkko Hkh 'kkfey gSA vxys dqN
d`f"k&mRiknu yxkrkj c<+rk jgs] blds fy, ljdkj dks jk"Vªh; fdlku
lkyksa esa vuktksa vkSj ftalksa dh dhersa fiNys nl lkyksa ds eqdkcys T;knk vk;ksx dh flQkfj'kksa dks rRijrk ls ykxw djuk gksxkA blesa lqizfl¼ d`f"k
jgsaxhA vxys n'kd esa bl fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd xsgwa dh dher 10 Qhlnh] oSKkfud vkSj ekuorkoknh izks- ,e-,l-LokfeukFku~ us d`f"k fodkl dk fcuk
eD[ku] frygu vkSj eksVs vuktksa dh 30 Qhlnh vkSj ouLifr rsyksa esa 50 fouk'k okyk ,slk jkLrk crk;k gS] tks gok] ikuh] feV~Vh vkSj taxy dks
Qhlnh ls T;knk c<+r gksxhA vuktksa ds lV~Vs] HkaMkj.k esa cjcknh] c<+rh cjckn fd, cxSj mRiknu Hkh c<+k;sxk vkSj fdlkuksa dh vkenuh HkhA cgqr&lh
vkcknh] 'kgjhdj.k dh HkasV p<+rh d`f"k&Hkwfe] [kku&iku dh cnyrh vknrsa] flQkfj'ksa rks ,slh gSa] ftu ij ljdkj dk dqN Hkh [kpkZ ugha vk,xkA tSls fd
isVªksy dh Åaph dhersa] vkfFkZd fodkl esa d`f"k vkSj d`"kdksa dh vkSj xjhcksa dh dsUnzh; [kk| vkSj d`f"k ea=ky; dk uke cny dj dsUnzh; [kk|] d`f"k vkSj
vuns[kh rFkk tSob±/ku ds eRFks Hkh fo'o ds [kk| ladV dk Bhdjk QksM+k fdlku&dY;k.k ea=ky; dj fn;k tk,A ysfdu ljdkj us vHkh rd bl ij
x;kA
Hkh vey ugha fd;kA ;g dj fn;k tk, rks d`f"k ea=ky; dh ukSdj'kkgh dk
b/kj nqfu;k ij Hkw[k eaMjk jgh gS] vkSj nwljh vksj nqfu;k us lu~ ekbaM lSV cny tk, tks Qlyksa dh iSnkokj rks c<+kuk pkgrh gS] ysfdu
2006 esa gfFk;kjksa dh [kjhn ij 200 vjc Mkyj [kpZ fn,A tcfd fdlkuksa dh ekyh gkyr lq/kkjus dk dke mlds xys ugha mrjrkA rHkh rks
VIPNET NEWS
3
June 2008 / Vol. 6 / No. 6
i`Foh xzg dk vURkjkZ"Vªh; o"kZ 2008
VekVj T;knk iSnk gks tk,a rks [ksrksa esa gh lM+ tkrs gSaA vkyw T;knk iSnk gks x, Hkwty Åij vk x;k vkSj mlds lkFk yo.k Hkh Åij vk x;sA tehusa {kkjh;
rks fdlkuksa dks vkSus&ikSus Hkko cspus iM+sA [kqnkbZ vkSj cksjh dh dher Hkh ugha gks xb±A dhVuk'kh nok,a Hkh [kwc fNM+dh xb± ftuds vo'ks"k Qly esa] feV~Vh]
feyrhA
ikuh esa cps jgsA cspkjs dsapqvksa vkSj vU; fe= thoksa rFkk thok.kqvksa dh 'kker
fQj [ksrh dk dke cM+s tksf[ke dk gSA rirh /kwi vkSj dM+kds dh BaM esa vk xbZA larqfyr moZjdksa dh ctk; cl ;wfj;k Mkyrs x,A bl rjg dksbZ rhu
fdlku ilhuk cgkrk gS] rc feV~Vh ls lksuk mitk ikrk gSA [kM+h Qly dHkh n'kdksa esa vk/kh tehusa leL;kxzLr gks xb±] D;ksafd muls iks"kd rRo vf/kd
ikys] dHkh csekSle o"kkZ] dHkh vksyksa] dHkh dhM+ksa vkSj dHkh chekfj;ksa ls Qly ds :i esa [khpas rks [kwc x,] ij okil ugha fd, x,A tSoka'k xk;c gks
cjckn gks tkrh gSA m/kj fcpkSfy, mls Bxus dks rS;kj cSBs jgrs gSaA ?kj esa j[k x;kA iatkc] gfj;k.kk vkSj if'peh mÙkj izns'k ds /kku&xsgwa okys nqQlyh
ugha ldrkA xksnkeksa dh deh gSA eaMh esa nyky vkSj ljdkjh eqykfte Bxrs gSaA {ks= esa Bgjko vk x;kA mlh le; MkW- ,e-,l-LokfeukFku~ us lu~ 1908 ds
fnu Hkj xkM+h Hkjs [kM+k jgsxkA 'kke dks [kjhn 'kq: gksxhA vkf[kj esa vius uacj foKku dkaxzsl ds d`f"k&l= ds v/;{k in ls psrkouh nh Fkh fd feV~Vh&ikuh
dh izrh{kk ls Fkdk] fujk'k fdlku leFkZu ewY; ls vk/ks&ikSus Hkko ij O;kikjh dk vf/kd nksgu u djsa vkSj D;k leL;k iSnk gks ldrh gSa] ;g crk;k FkkA
ysfdu rc mudh ckr fdlh us ugha lquhA
dks csp tkrk gS] tks rkSyus esa MaMh ekjus ls Hkh ugha pwdrkA
vc mUgksaus nwljh gfjr Økafr dk fVdkÅ jkLrk crk;k gSA bls os
^,ojxzhu fjoksY;w'ku* dgrs gSaA ;kuh ^lnkcgkj gfjr Økafr*A blesa ijaijk
vkSj vk/kqfudrk dk leUo; gSA Qlyksa dh Hkw[k feVkus ds fy, ^,dhd`r
iks"kd rRo izca/ku*] dhV O;kf/k;ksa vkSj jksxksa dh jksdFkke ds fy, ^,dhd`r
uk'khtho izca/ku*] ikuh ds izca/ku ds fy, ikuh&cSad vkSj ikuh iapk;r rFkk
o"kkZ ty lap; rFkk ty lesV izca/kuA feV~Vh ds tkap ds fy, ^lkWby gSYFk
dkMZA* Hkw[k ls xzLr 200 ftyksa esa vUu&cSad] pkjk&cSad] cht&cSadA [ksrh
ds lkFk&lkFk i'kqikyu] eNyh ikyu] e/kqeD[kh ikyu vkfn reke /ka/ks
viukukA fcØh dk csgrj bartkeA d`f"k dh ykxr ds fglkc ls leFkZu ewY;A
bl rjg ds reke mi;ksxh vkSj Bksl lq>ko gSa tks Hkkjr dks mldh vkRe
fuHkZjrk esa lsa/k yxkus ds fy, vkrqj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh fx¼ n`f"V ls cpk
ldrs gSaA
fdlku vk;ksx us [kk|kUu vkSj nwljh ftalksa dh fcØh ds fy, mEnk
O;kogkfjd lq>ko fn, gSaA ,d rks ;g fd i;kZIr la[;k esa xksnke cusa] tgka
fdlku viuk eky j[k ldsA mldh ,ot mls [kpZ pykus ds fy, iSlk feys
rkfd mls Qly dh ^fMLVªsl lsy* u djuh iM+sA vkyw vHkh lLrk gS] rks
xksnkeksa esa j[k nsaA tc nke c<sa+] rc csp nsaA ysfdu O;kikjh D;k ,slk djus
nsxa \s
geus [kk|kUu esa vkRe fuHkZjrk cM+s vkM+s fnuksa esa cM+h esgur ls izkIr dh
FkhA ih,y&480 dk xsgwa vejhdk eq¶r esa ugha Hkst jgk FkkA fQj Hkh vka[ksa
rjsjrk FkkA rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h Jh yky cgknqj 'kkL=h us tc fo;ruke tSls
NksVs ns'k ij vejhdk ds vU;k;iw.kZ geys dh fuank dj nh] rks ml le; ds
vejhdh jk"Vªifr fyaMu tkWulu us xsgwa ysdj Hkkjr vkrs vejhdh tgkt dks
chp esa gh jksd fy;k vkSj nwljh vksj eksM+ fn;kA rc ds d`f"k ea=h lhbl le; fo'o esa O;kIr [kk|&ladV ls Hkh ^dkjfxy*] ^vkpZj Msfu;Yl
lqczge.;e~ dks tkWulu dh fpjkSjh djuh iM+h] rc og tgkt xsgwa ysdj Hkkjr
feMyS
aM~l*] gkaxdkax fLFkr ^ukscy xzqi* vukt ds O;kikj ls viuh frtksfj;ka
vk;k vkSj og xsgwa jk'ku dh nqdkuksa rd igqapk] ugha rks cl ,d g¶rs dk jk'ku
Hkjus
es
a yxs gSaA ;wjksi dh ^flutsaVk* us lu~ 2007 esa 1-1 vjc Mkyj ls
cpk FkkA
T;knk equkQk dek;k gS ;kuh fiNys lky ls 75 izfr'kr T;knkA vejhdk dh
ml le; MkW- ,e-,l-LokfeukFku~ vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa us xsgwa&iztuu esa eksalsVks lfgr nksuksa daifu;ka [kk| ladV ls mckjus dk >kalk nsdj vius
mRd`"V dk;Z fd;kA eSfDldks dh ckSuh fdLeksa ls iSnkokj rks c<+h exj muesa thukarfjr cht cspus esa tqVh gqbZ gSaA tcfd bu chtksa ds ijh{k.k ds ifj.kke
yky nkuksa dk ^eqats nkus* & lk jax vkSj ?kfV;k pikrh fdlh dks ilan ugha os dHkh ugha crkrhaA moZjd cukus okyh cM+h daiuh dukMk dh ^iksVk'k
vkrh FkhA MkW- LokfeukFku~ us ^E;wVs'ku czhfMax* dh rduhd viukdj dkiksZjs'ku* vkSj ukWosZ dh ^;kjk* us Hkh lu~ 2007 esa ,d&,d vjc Mkyj
xkek&fofdj.k dh ckSNkj ls xsgwa ds yky nkuksa dk jax Hkkjr ds nslh xsgqavksa vfèkd equkQk dek;kA blh rjg vejhdk dh ^ekstSd* vkSj btjkby dh
tSlk 'kcZrh djus dk iz;ksx fd;kA ml le; bl ys[kd us muds ;qok lg;ksxh ^,fxz;e* us Hkh 50&50 djksM+ Mkyj T;knk dek,A dqN varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikjh
MkW- tkWtZ oxhZt dks iwlk ds [ksrksa esa ;kuh mRifjofrZr xsgwa dh Qly ds chp [kk|kUuksa ij lV~Vk [ksydj [kwc dekbZ dj jgs gSaA lu~ 2000 esa budh
baVjO;w fd;k FkkA og gj drkj esa ls xsgwa dh ckfy;ka rksM+rk vkSj gFksyh ij dekbZ 5 vjc Mkyj gqbZ Fkh] tks 2007 esa c<+dj 175 vjc Mkyj gks
jxM+dj nkuksa dk jax ns[krkA bl rjg 'kcZrh jax ds nkus bdV~Bs dj ds mUgsa xbZA bl rjg ds lV~Vk [ksyus okyh daifu;ksa esa Ýkal dh ^yqbZ MªsQl* rks
vyx j[krkA mUgsa vkxs dh ih<+h esa mxkdj ns[kk x;k fd yky nkuksa dk jax viuk equkQk crkrh Hkh ugha gS vkSj mldk lkykuk dkjksckj LoSfPNd laLFkk
lpeqp 'kcZrh gks x;k FkkA ml le; eSaus /keZ;qx esa ,d ys[k fy[kk Fkk] ^xsgwa ^xzsu* ds vuqlkj 22 vjc Mkyj dk gSA f'kdkxks ds cksMZ vkWQ VªsM us
jax cnysxkA* xsgwa dk ;g jax cnyuk Hkkjrh; fdLeksa ls ladj.k djds tkjh ^lhcksV* ds vuqlkj ,d fnu esa xsgwa dk 2-8 vjc Mkyj dk] eDdk dk
j[kk x;kA xsgwa us lpeqp jax cnyk vkSj iwlk dh ^lksukfydk*] iaruxj dh 8-9 vjc Mkyj dk vkSj lks;kchu dk 11-2 vjc Mkyj dk lV~Vk rks
^,l&227* rFkk yqf/k;kuk dh ^dY;k.k lksuk* fdLesa ,d gh ekrk&firk dh 2008 esa gh [ksykA
larkusa Fkha] ftUgksaus xsgwa dh iSnkokj pkSxquh&ikap xquh c<+kdj xsgwa&Økafr iSnk
b/kj ;s nqfu;k ds Hkw[kksa dh isV dh vkx ij viuh jksVh lsad jgs gSa vkSj
dhA /kku esa ;g Økafr ^vkbZvkj&8* vkSj mlds lkFk ladj.k ls iSnk Hkkjrh;
m/kj
lu~ 2005 esa fo'o ds 216 ns'kksa esa ls 207 ns'kksa dks vius fy, xsgwa
fdLeksa us iSnk dhA xsgwa&/kku dh blh Økafr dks vejhdh d`f"k foHkkx ds MkWckgj ls eaxkuk iM+k vkSj 107 ns'kksa dks pkoy ckgj ls eaxkuk iM+kA ;s
fofy;e xkM us ^gfjr Økafr* dk uke fn;kA
vkadM+s ,Q,vks ds gSaA Hkkjr [kk|kUu esa vkRe fuHkZjrk cuk, j[kdj viuh
dqN yksx vkt dh d`f"k pqukSfr;ksa ds fy, gfjr Økafr dks xfj;krs gSaA tc izHkqlÙkk vkSj vfLerk rks cpk, j[kuk pkgrk gS] ysfdu fdlkuksa vkSj d`f"k dh
fd gfjr Økafr us Hkkjr dks nqfu;k ds lkeus Hkh[k dk dVksjk Qsad dj lhuk lsok esa yxs MkW- ,e-,l-LokfeukFku~ vkSj MkW- oh-dqfj;u dks vHkh rd
rku dj [kM+k gksus dk gkSlyk fn;kA
Hkkjr&jRu Hkh u fn;k x;kA tcfd muds dkj.k gh gesa viuh jkst dh jksVh
;g lgh gS fd T;knk iSnkokj ysus dh /kqu esa va/kk/kqa/k ikuh [khapk x;k] vkSj jkst dk eD[ku fey jgk gSA xsgwa vkSj nw/k ds mRiknu esa Hkkjr fo'o esa
vkSj Hkwty uhps xgjs esa pyk x;kA cM+s cka/kksa vkSj ugjksa ds ikl dh tehu esa izFke LFkku ij gSA
!
VIPNET NEWS
4
June 2008 / Vol. 6 / No. 6
International Year of Planet Earth 2008
Milk: Ideal Nutrient Diet
! Pankaj Agarwal
[email protected]
W
e work hard for wholesome
nutritive food. And what
happens if we come to know that we are drinking urea, liquid
detergent and vegetable oil and inviting disease rather than
good health. There are lots of cries in the media regarding the
synthetic milk? Addition of water and extraction of fat is very
common and not harmful. But, synthetic milk is entirely a
different component with a high degree of adulteration to
increase the volume of milk and thereby the profit. Mixing of
urea, liquid detergent, vegetable oil, etc. to adulterate the milk
is a common practice and thus obtained milk is known as
synthetic milk. These are all non-permissible and banned
items and they cause serious health hazards. Do you know
what exactly food adulteration is? In general, the deliberate
contagion of food materials with low quality, cheap and nonedible substances is called food adulteration. While the
substance that degrades or lowers the quality of food is an
adulterant. The simplicity and rapidity with which milk can be
adulterated always tempted to some of the milk
vendors to involve in fraudulent practices and
adulterate the milk. Before giving the details of
different adulterates in synthetic milk and their
tests, first of all we will discuss about natural and
commercially used adulterated milk.
dairy products e.g., butter, cream, ice cream, cheese and
sweets. Though, modern milk industry has given us casein,
lactose, whey protein, powdered milk, condensed milk and
many other food products. Milk is produced by the mammary
glands of female mammals. Early lactation milk is a primary
nutrient food for a newborn baby, which also carries mother’s
antibody to the baby. Fresh milk or regular milk, also referred
as full cream milk or whole milk, is creamy in texture. Even
though, fresh milk is a low-fat food and a good source of
calcium. Calcium from milk and dairy products has greater
bioavailability than calcium from vegetable products. People
know that the calcium in milk helps to build strong bones and
teeth, but did you know that milk is full of eight other essential
vitamins and minerals required for a healthy life? Milk is an
excellent source of high quality protein. It contains mainly
saturated fat, protein and calcium. It provides vitamin B12 to
build red blood cells, which helps to transport oxygen from
lungs to working muscles, and vitamin B2, necessary for the
development of the nervous system. Milk also
contains vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin
C, potassium, niacin, iodine, magnesium, zinc,
carbohydrate and many more. But the exact
components of raw milk, varies by species. E.g.
Jersey cows produce milk of about 5.2% fat, Brown
Swiss cows produce milk of about 4.0% fat, and
the protein range for these caws is 3.3% to 3.9%,
whereas the lactose range is 4.7% to 4.9%. Aquatic
mammals, seals and whales produce milk, which
is very rich in fats and other nutrients but not used
for human consumption. Whereas donkeys and
horses milk have the lowest fat content. Today,
cow’s milk is produced on a large scale but water
buffalos, sheep, goats, camels, yaks, donkeys and
horses are also used for milk production.
Use of milk as a food probably began with
the domestication of animals. Goats and sheep
were domesticated in Iran and Afghanistan in
about 9000 B.C., cattle were brought to Turkey
and parts of Africa by 7000 B.C. and cattle were
brought to the United States in the 1600s by some
of the earliest colonists. Today, India is the largest
producers of milk and dairy products, followed by
USA. Milk industries of most of the countries
depend on the caw. The world cattle population
is estimated to be about 1.3 billion and India is
Milk is a dispersion of butterfat with in water
having largest number of cattle, about 400 million,
based fluid. Each butterfat is surrounded by a
followed by China, Brazil and USA. Milk industry
membrane consisting of fattyacid and proteins.
of India also depands on the water buffalo because
The most promenent in the fluid portion of the milk
the fat content of buffalo milk is the highest
are casein, a phosphorotein. Both the butterfat and
amongst farm animals. Water buffalo are
the smaller casein are just large enough to deflect
originally from Asia, with 95% population of the
light, and responsible for the opaque white color of
world’s water buffalo, 50% of them exist only in
milk.
India. Though Eastern Europe has a large number Source: UN Food & Agriculture
Milk contains dozens of other types of proteins
of buffalo but in small groups. In Italy, there are Organisation, 2005
also. They are more water-soluble than the caseins.
very large groups of buffalo where they are milked to make the
Since these proteins remain suspended in the whey left behind
world famous mozzarella cheese, whereas in North America,
after the milk has been curded, and these proteins are
there are very limited commercial groups of buffalo for yogurt
collectively known as whey proteins. Whey proteins, by weight,
and cheese products.
are about twenty percent of the protein in milk. Sweetness of
Milk is our first food and provides the basic building blocks the milk and about 40% calories of the milk is due to
for good health. For millennia, milk has been processed into carbohydrate lactose. Natural lactose is found only in milk
VIPNET NEWS
5
June 2008 / Vol. 6 / No. 6
International Year of Planet Earth 2008
and in some plants. Mammary-gland cells, various bacteria, other beneficial aspects of milk, being the reason that opaque
white blood cells and a large number of active enzynes are containers are recommended for milk storage. Therefore
pasteurized milk is said to be less
other components found in raw milk. But
Source: North Wales Buffalo.co.uk
digestible, less nutritious, and
when raw milk is left standing for a while,
decomposed after some time. However,
it becomes sour because of fermentation
unpasteurized milk can have harmful
as the lactic acid bacteria convert the
disease that may cause bacteria like
lactose in to lactice acid
tuberculosis, diphtheria, etc.
With the development of the dairy
industry, a variety of machines for milk
processing were also developed. In
1856, Gail Borden patented a method
for making condensed milk by heating
the milk in a partial vacuum. This method
removes much of the water and the milk
could be stored in a smaller volume. It
also protected the milk from germs in
the air. In 1863, Louis Pasteur developed
a method to kill harmful bacteria, was
adapted to a number of food products
and known as pasteurization.
Pasteurization of milk was first
suggested by Franz von Soxhlet in 1886.
Pasteurization kills many harmful
microorganisms by heating the milk for
a short time and then cooling it for
storage. Unfortunately, heating destroys vitamin C and some
other important nutritional constituents. Light further destroys
VIPNET NEWS
There are two types of
pasteurization viz., Ultra High
Temperature (UHT) and High
Temperature Short Time (HTST)
process. Pasteurization involves parboiling (heating below boiling point) the
milk to about 75°C for roughly 15
seconds using continuous-flow ‘high
temperature-short time’ process heat
exchangers followed by quick cooling
to about 4°C. This process kills more
than 90 per cent of the bacteria,
especially the harmful pathogens, which
causes
bovine
tuberculosis,
gastrointestinal diseases and typhoid
fevers. However, Pasteurization does
not destroy the spoilage bacteria that
cause curdling. It also leaves out certain heat-resistant bacteria
and spores that can break down the milk proteins. However,
6
June 2008 / Vol. 6 / No. 6
International Year of Planet Earth 2008
UHT process involves heating the milk up to 137°C for two
seconds and then packaging it under aseptic conditions. Milk
processed in this way can be kept un-refrigerated in tetra packs
for several months. Milk simply labeled “pasteurized” is usually
treated with the HTST method, whereas milk labeled “ultrapasteurized” is treated with
the UHT method. Unlike
HTST and UHT treatment,
bactofugation is a nonthermal process for removing
bacteria, particularly the
heat-resistant spores, using
a high-speed centrifugal
separator by expelling the
bacterial spores through
centrifugal force action. This
process removes all
pathogenic bacteria in order
to ensure that its milk is
absolutely safe for drinking.
There is a variety of milk in the market (shown in the table).
that of milk. Then it is added with urea or sodium sulphate or
glucose or maltose or sometimes any one of the commonly
available fertilizers. These substances are usually dissolved
in hot water and then added to the apparently milk like solution.
Sugar is added to milk to increase the solids not fat content
of milk that increases the
lactometer reading also. In
general, the synthetic milk
can be prepared by mixing
18 gm refined oil, 1.2 gm
detergent and 1.6 gm urea
in one liter of tap water.
The food value of an
animal killed for meat is
equivalent to one year’s
worth of milk from the same
animal, which will keep
producing
milk
in
convenient daily portions for
years. According to the
study by Akifumi Ogino of the National Institute of Livestock
and Grassland Science in Tsukuba, Japan, production of one
kilogram of beef is responsible for more greenhouse gas
emissions and other pollution. The emission of greenhouse
gases is equivalent to 36.4 kilograms of carbon dioxide, that
amount is emitted by a 1000-watt bulb if lighted for two days.
And one of the easiest things one can do to minimize the
greenhouse gases is to stop eating meat.
!
Combination of urea, liquid detergent, a little sugars,
vegetable oil and water is commonly known as synthetic milk.
Vegetable refined oil whose butyrorefractometer reading is less
than 42 is taken in a container along with a suitable emulsifier
and systematically mixed so that the entire content is made in
to a thick white paste. After this, water is gradually added to
the paste so that the density of the liquid becomes similar to
VIPNET NEWS
7
June 2008 / Vol. 6 / No. 6
i`Foh xzg dk vURkjkZ"Vªh; o"kZ 2008
vk/kkfjr jkspd iz;ksx fd,A bu iz;ksxksa
esa chtkadqj.k] isM+ dh yEckbZ ukiuk]
rjg&rjg dh ifÙk;k¡] muds foU;kl]
izdk'k la'ys"k.k] 'olu vkSj ok"iksRltZu
'kkfey FksA cPPkksa us ekbØksLdksi ds tÛfj,
Hkh ikS/kksa ,oa dhM+s&edkSM+ksa ds n'kZu fd,A
gekjs ?kjksa esa csdkj iM+h phtksa tSls
cks r y] <Ddu] fMCcs ] is u ] fxykl]
dkxt] daps vkfn ls foKku ds f[kykSus
Hkh cPPkksa us [kwc cuk,A blesa daps ls
cuus okys ^pwgs* us xq#Rokd"kZ.k dh le>
nh] cksry ds <Ddu ls cuh *dkj* vkSj
LVªkW vkfn ls cus ^fLiuj* us U;wVu ds
rhljs fu;e dks le>k;k] ^eSftd QSu*
dEiu le>kus ds fy, cuk;k x;k] daps
ls cus ^ØstÛh ekcZy* us ÅtkZ LFkkukUrj.k
dks Li"V fd;k] LVªkW esa /kkxk Mky dj
cuk, x, ^FkszsM fjax* us ok;q ds ncko
(,;j isz'kj) dks le>k;k] [kjkc isu ls
izLrqfr% fufe"k diwj
^gS.MiEi* cukdj lkbQÛu fofèk dks
[email protected]
le>k;k x;k] ,d [kjkc gks pq d h
lh-Mh-] isu vkSj xqCckjs ls ^gksoj Øk¶V*
j lky dh rjg bl o"kZ Hkh 20 ebZ ls 8 twu] 2008 ds nkSjku cukdj ?k"kZ.k dk fl¼kar crk;k x;k vkSj ,d [kkl ^eSXusV Vkoj* dk
cPPkksa ds fy, foKku xfrfof/k lej dSEi dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k] fuekZ.k dj ds pqEcd ds xq.kksa dh ppkZ dh xbZA
tks fd vkd"kZ.k dk dsUnz jgkA lej dSEi esa foKku ,oa i;kZoj.k
cPPkksa dks rc vkSj vf/kd etÛk vk;k tc 'kq: gqvk ^eSftd&'kks*!
fo"k;ksa dks [ksy&[ksy esa jkspd rjhdksa ls cPPkksa rd igq¡pk;k x;kA ^yfu±x njvly bl eSftd&'kks dk mn~ns'; tknw&Vksus ;k peRdkjksa ds ihNs fNis
lkbal fon Qu* 'kh"kZd dk ;g lej dSEi foKku izlkj ,oa jk"Vªh; jsy foKku dks le>kuk FkkA ftl rjg <ksaxh lk/kw vkSj rkaf=d Hkksyh Hkkyh
laxzgky;] ubZ fnYYkh }kjk la;qDr :i ls vk;ksftr fd;k x;k Fkk] ftldh turk dks xqejkg djrs gSa] mUgha lc iz;ksxksa dks fl[kkdj cPPkksa dks tkx:d
rhu lkIrkfgd dk;Z'kkykvksa esa yxHkx 200 cPPks 'kkfey gq,A
fd;k x;kA bu iz;ksxksa esa 'kkfey Fks&gou dq.M esa ikuh ls vkx yxkuk]
lej dSEi ds eq[; vkd"kZ.kksa esa 'kkfey Fks&izd`fr ,oa isM+&ikS/kksa ds ukfj;y ls [kwu fudkyuk] vkx [kkuk] uCt jksduk] f='kwy thHk ds
jkspd iz;ksx] peRdkj ;k tknw&Vksus ds ihNs fNis foKku ds fl¼kar] [kkus&ihus vkj&ikj djuk] 'kjhj ij vkx dk vlj u gksuk] dhyksa ij pyuk]
dh phtksa esa gks jgh feykoV dks tk¡pus ds rjhds] jsy ds batu vkSj gokbZ lEeksfgr djuk---! cPPkksa dks ;g Hkh fgnk;r nh xbZ fd fdlh cM+s dh
tgkt dh etÛsnkj rduhdh
ns[k&js[k ds fcuk ;s iz;ksx
ckrsa] csdkj gks pqdh phtÛksa
u djsaA
ls f[kykSus cukdj foKku ds
bysDVªkfW uDl ds iz;ksxksa
fl¼ka r ks a dh le>]
us Hkh cPPkksa dks vkdf"kZr
bysDVªkWfuDl ds iz;ksxksa dks
fd;kA Mk;ksM] jftLVj]
[ksy&[ksy esa lh[kuk] i`Foh
izfrjksèk] dSiflVj vkfn ds
xzg ,oa [kxksy foKku ij
iz;ksxksa ds tÛfj, cPPkksa esa
vkèkkfjr yksdfiz; O;k[;ku
bysDVªkWfuDl ds fl¼kar dh
vkSj lkFk esa cPPkksa dh <sj
le> fodflr dh xbZA
lkjh ftKklkvksa ds lekèkku!
lej dSEi ds nkSjku jkf=
jsy laxzgky; esa gj
izd`fr dh iz;ksx'kkyk esa viuh ftKklkvksa dks c<+krs ,oa muds tokc ryk'krs cPPks
vkdk'k voyksdu dk;ZØe
rjQ] jktk&jtokMksa ds
dk Hkh vk;kstu fd;k x;k] ysfdu ckfj'k vkSj cknyksa ds pyrs dqN gh tÛekus ls ysdj vk/kqfud dky ds jsy ds [kwclwjr batu vkSj cksfx;k¡ utj
xzg&u{k= utÛj vk ik,A cPPkksa us lej dSEi esa dBiqrfy;sa Hkh cukuk lh[kha vkrh gSaA lej dSEi esa jsy laxzgky; dh lSj ds lkFk gh ;gk¡ iznf'kZr Hkki
vkSj dBiqrfy;ksa ls foKku ukVd Hkh lh[ksA
vkSj Mhty batu dh dk;Z iz.kkyh vkSj rduhd dks Hkh cPPkksa dks crk;k
i`Foh xzg ds vUrjkZ"Vªh; o"kZ 2008 ds vUrxZr lej dSEi esa fo'ks"k :i x;kA cPPkksa us jsy batu esa p<+dj mldh izkS|ksfxdh dks le>kA cPPkksa dks
ls izd`fr] i;kZoj.k] ty] tSo&fofo/krk vkfn ij O;k[;ku ,oa xfrfof/k;k¡ jsy ds vkfo"dkjdksa ds fo"k; esa foLrkj ls crk;k x;k] lkFk gh ehVj xst]
vk;ksftr dh xb±A izd`fr voyksdu esa cPPkksa us isM+&ikS/kksa vkSj muds chtksa ij czkWM xst] uSjks xst] LVS.MMZ xst vkSj tÛhjks xst dh tkudkjh nh xbZ] LVhe
g
VIPNET NEWS
8
June 2008 / Vol. 6 / No. 6
i`Foh xzg dk vURkjkZ"Vªh; o"kZ 2008
batu vkSj LVhe yksdkseksfVo esa vUrj crk;k x;k]
LVhe batu esa iz;Dq r dks;yk] batu dh czd
s iz.kkyh]
ykbu psat] psu iqfyax] jsyos flXuy o bl rjg
dh reke tkudkfj;k¡ cPPkksa dks nh xb± vkSj mudh
ftKklvksa ds lek/kku fd, x,A
lej dSEi ds n`';
dBiqryh gj vk;q oxZ ds n'kZdksa dks vkdf"kZr
djrh gSaA lej dSEi esa cPPkksa dks dkxtÛ] esFkh
ikmMj] xqCckjksa vkfn dh lgk;rk ls gkFk ls
pyus okyh iqryh cukuk fl[kk;k x;k vkSj bu
iqrfy;ksa dks upk&upk dj cPPkksa dks foKku ukVd
fl[kk, x,A cPPkksa us iqrfy;ksa ds tÛfj, Xykscy
okfe±x] iznw"k.k vkSj LoLFk [kku&iku ds fo"k;ksa
ij foKku ukVd lh[ksA
lalk/ku O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk izfrHkkxh cPPks
ifÙk;ksa ds foU;kl ns[krs cky oSKkfud
iqrfy;ksa ds ek/;e ls foKku lapkj
peRdkjksa dh O;k[;k igys eSa d:axk
jsy laxzgky; esa lts batuksa dh rduhd dh ckr
Hkki ds batu dh tkudkjh ysrs cPPks
cPPkksa dks fofHkUUk iz;ksxksa ds ek/;e ls [kk|
inkFkks± esa feykoV dh tkap ds fy, izsfjr fd;k
x;kA ?kjksa esa 'kkSpky; dh lQkbZ ds fy, bLrseky
gksus okys lkekU; ,flM ds tÛfj, jaxh gqbZ lfCt;ksa
dh tk¡p vklkuh ls dh tk ldrh gSA ,flM ds
lEidZ esa vk dj jaxh gqbZ lfCt;k¡ dkyh iM+
tkrh gSaA blh rjg pqEcd dh lgk;rk ls pk; dh
iÙkh esa feyh yksgs dh [kqjpu dh v'kqf¼ dk irk
pyrk gSA blh izdkj fofHkUUk iz;ksxksa ds tÛfj,
feykoVh nw/k] feykoVh [kks, dh feBkbZ] nkyksa ,oa
elkyksa esa feykoV dh tkap ds rjhds fl[kk, x,A
lej dSEi esa cPPkksa ds fy, fo'ks"k O;k[;ku
Hkh vk;ksftr fd, x,A bu O;k[;kuksa esa i`Foh xzg]
i;kZ o j.k] vkdk'k] ty] leq n z ] ouLifr;k¡ ]
jsfxLrkku vkfn fofHkUUk fo"k;ksa ij cPPkksa ls ckr
dh xbZA [kxksy foKku ij vk/kkfjr O;k[;kuksa esa
cPPkksa us xzg&u{k=ksa vkSj vkdk'k ls tqM+h viuh
ftKklkvksa dks 'kkar fd;kA gokbZ tgkt dh rduhd
ij vk/kkfjr O;k[;ku esa cPPkksa uss gokbZ tgkt dh
izkS|ksfxdh vkSj gokbZ vM~Ms dh dk;Z iz.kkyh ds
ckjs esa tkukA dSls /kjrh NksM+ dj gokbZ tgkt
gok ls ckrsa djus yxrs gSa vkSj dSls i`Foh ij
fLFkr gokbZ vM~Ms ds dUVªksy Vkoj ls mudk
laidZ jgrk gS] bu lc ckrksa us cPPkksa esa Kku dk
lapkj fd;kA
lej dSEi esa cPPkksa dks foKku izlkj ds foKku Dycksa ds usVodZ
lej dSEi ds nkSjku cPPkksa ,oa muds vfHkHkkodksa dks foKku izlkj }kjk (foiusV) ds fo"k; esa crk;k x;kA cPPkksa us vius eqgYYks ,oa Ldwy esa foKku
fufeZr lkbal fQYesa Hkh fn[kkbZ xb±A bu fQYeksa esa foKku izlkj dh ifj;kstuk Dyc dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj foiusV ls lEc¼ gq,A
& ^foKku jsy&ifg;ksa ij foKku izn'kZuh] vYcVZ vkbaLVkbu] ia[k vkSj
lej dSEi euksjatu ds lkFk foKku dks lh[kus & le>us dk ,d ,slk
ijokt* vkfn fQYesa 'kkfey FkhaA
lfØ; eap lkfcr gqvk gS tgk¡ ls cPPks foKku dks fdrkc ls ckgj Hkh lh[kus
lej dSEi esa eq[; lalk/ku O;fDr ds rkSj ij 'kkfey gq, & Jh fcey le>us dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa vkSj cPPkksa esa ftKklkvksa dk l`tu gksrk gSA cPPkksa
JhokLro] iwoZ egkfuns'kd] foekuiÙku izkf/kdj.k] ubZ fnYYkh] bathfu;j esa loky iwNus vkSj phtÛksa dks tkuus dh mRlqdrk vkSj izd`fr dks ,d
ekbd LVkWdfczt (baXyS.M) ,oa Jh ,l-ds- d';i] lnL;] bafM;u jsyos LVhe iz;ksx'kkyk dh utÛj ls ns[kus dh izo`fÙk tkxrh gSA foiusV ls lEc¼ foKku
lkslkbVh] Jherh izHkk vxzoky] Jh ftÛ;k vgen [kku] Jherh izfrek xqIrk] Jh Dyc Hkh vius {ks=h; fo|ky;ksa esa foKku xfrfof/k dSEi dk vk;kstu dj
lat; diwj ,oa lqJh d#.kkA blds lkFk gh foKku izlkj ds oSKkfud Hkh cPPkksa esa foKku dh vPNh le> fodflr dj ldrs gSa vkSj ;g foKku Dycksa
crkSj lalk/ku O;fDr lej dSEi esa 'kkfey gq,A
dh ,d fu;fer o lQy xfrfof/k gks ldrh gSA
!
VIPNET NEWS
9
June 2008 / Vol. 6 / No. 6
i`Foh xzg dk vURkjkZ"Vªh; o"kZ 2008
izoklh i{kh vius lqnjw izoklksa dk
jkLrk dSls [kkstrs gS\a
D;ksa vkSj dSls
vkstksu gok ls Hkkjh gksus ij Hkh
ok;qeMa y ds Åij D;ksa ikbZ tkrh
gS\
jax fcjaxs vkSj e/kqj & lqjhys dyjo djrs
foiusV iz'ukoyh 145 ds mÙkj
i{kh ns[kuk fdls vPNk ugha yxrk vkSj tc
vkstksu irZ i`Foh dh lrg ls yxHkx 25 ls
i{kh lqnwj ns'kksa ls gekjs ns'k vk, gksa rks mUgsa ns[kuk rks gekjs thou ds 45 fdyksehVj Åij ds ok;qeaMy esa ikbZ tkrh gSA okLro esa vkstksu gok ls
jksekapdkjh {k.k gksrs gSaA vusd izdkj dh ftKklk,¡ mBrh gSa gekjs eu esa] fd Hkkjh gksrh gS ysfdu fQj Hkh ;g i`Foh ds ok;qeaMy ds Åij ikbZ tkrh gS
D;ksa vkSj dSls izokl djus vkrs gSa ;s i{kh lqnwj ns'kksa ls! vkf[kj ;s viuk ekxZ D;ksafd vkstksu dk fuekZ.k 25 ls 45 fdyksehVj Åij ds ok;qeaMy esa gh
gksrk gSA vkstksu ds ,d v.kq dk fuekZ.k vkWDlhtu ds rhu ijek.kqvksa ls
feydj gksrk gSA vkerkSj ij vkWDlhtu ds ijek.kq Lora= u gksdj v.kq ds
:i esa ,d tksMs+ esa feyrs gSA i`Foh ds ok;qeaMy ds Åij lw;Z ds 'kfDr'kkyh
fofdj.k ds dkj.k vkWDlhtu ds v.kq ijek.kqvksa esa VwV tkrs gSaA i`Foh dh
lrg ij lw;Z ls vkus okys fofdj.k dh 'kfDr èkheh iM+ tkrh gS] bl dkj.k
vkWDlhtu ds v.kq ijek.kqvksa esa ugha VwV ikrs vkSj ;fn vkWDlhtu ds dqN
v.kq ijek.kqvksa esa cnyrs Hkh
gaS] rks i`Foh ds ok;qeaMy esa
de ek=k esa gh vkstksu dk
fuekZ.k gksrk gSA vkstksu irZ
Hkh lw;Z ds fofdj.k }kjk
vkWDlhtu ds ijek.kqvksa esa
VwVrh jgrh gSA ;s ijek.kq
iqu% laxfBr gksdj fQj ls
vkstksu cu tkrs gSaA bl
dSls fu/kkZfjr djrs gSa! okLro esa i{kh vius vuqdwy ekSle esa jguk ilan
izdkj vkstksu ds fuekZ.k]
djrs gSa vkSj tc vius fuokl dh n'kk,a izfrdwy gks tkrh gSa rks ;s i{kh
fo[k.Mu ,oa iqufuZekZ.k dh
fudy iM+rs gSa eupkgs ekSle dh ryk'k esa! vius ia[k QM+QM+kdj dbZ ns'kksa
fØ;k,¡ vuojr pyrh jgrh
dh ljgnsa ikj dj ;s izoklh i{kh gtkjksa ehy nwj nwljs ns'kksa esa igqap
gSa vkSj vkstksu irZ esa vkstksu
tkrs gSaA gj o"kZ gekjs ns'k ds i{kh&fogkjksa esa lSdM+ksa dh la[;k esa izoklh fLFkj jgrh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vkstksu gok ls Hkkjh gksus ij Hkh ok;qeaMy
i{kh ns[ks tkrs gSaA
ds Åijh Hkkx esa gh jgrh gSA
vkf[kj ;s izoklh i{kh viuk jkLrk dSls [kkstrs gSa! bl iz'u ij fotsrkvksa ds uke% jtuh HkkfV;k] eqacbZ] ujsUnz ikVhnkj] eanlkSj] e-iz-]
oSKkfud 'kks/kjr gSa vkSj vHkh dsoy oSKkfudksa us dqN vuqeku dh yxk, gSaA
panu dqekj] Nijk] fcgkj
dqN oSKkfudksa dk ekuuk gS fd if{k;ksa esa tUetkr 'kfDr gksrh gS tks mUgsa lgh
fotsrkvksa dks foKku izlkj ds izdk'ku iqjLdkj Lo:i Hksts tk
fn'kk dk Kku djkrh gS vkSj vius vuqdwy izokl LFkku ij igq¡pus esa enn
djrh gSA dqN oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks= vkSj if{k;ksa dh jgs gSaA
izokl mM+ku esa ijLij lEcU/k gSA i`Foh dk pqEcdh; {ks= if{k;ksa esa fo'ks"k
izLrqfr% fufe"k diwj
[email protected]
izdkj ds laosnu mRiUUk djrk gS vkSj bUgh laosnuksa ds vk/kkj ij i{kh viuk
ekxZ [kkstrs gq, vius izokl xarO; rd igqap tkrs gSa vkSj izokl lekfIr ds
VIPNET Questionnaire 148 @ foiusV iz'ukoyh 148
i'pkr okil vius ns'k ykSV tkrs gSaA dqN oSKkfudksa dk ekuuk gS fd if{k;ksa
esa ,d xzfUFk gksrh gS] ftlds tÛfj, i{kh ekSle ifjorZu dk irk dj ysrs gSa Question 1: Why does the sky appear blue to us?
vkSj u, o vuqdwy izokl dh [kkst esa fudy iM+rs gSaA
iz'u 1% gesa vkleku uhyk D;ksa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS\
dqN oSKkfudksa us if{k;ksa ds izokl ds fu/kkZj.k esa lw;Z dh Hkwfedk dk Hkh
v/;;u fd;k gSA oSKkfudksa dk er gS fd mM+ku dh fn'kk fu/kkZj.k esa i{kh lw;Z
dh lgk;rk ysrs gSaA if{k;ksa esa lw;Z daikl xq.k gksrk gS] ftlds tfj, i{kh lw;Z
ls nwjh ,oa ekSle ifjorZu dk vuqeku yxk ysrs gSaA bl izdkj izoklh i{kh
lgh ekxZ o fn'kk esa mM+rs jgrs gSaA oSKkfudksa us /kqzfor izdk'k ,oa ijkcSaxuh
izdk'k ls izoklh if{k;ksa dh ;k=k fu/kkZj.k dk v/;;u Hkh fd;k gSA i{kh
èkzqfor izdk'k ,oa ijkcSaxuh izdk'k ns[k ldrs gSa] tcfd gekjh vk¡[ks ugha ns[k
ikrhaA vr% jkr esa i{kh viuh ;k=k dk fu/kkZj.k pUnzek vkSj rkjksa dh enn ls
djrs gSaA vHkh if{k;ksa ds izokl ls tqM+s reke igyqvksa ij oSKkfud 'kks/kjr gSa
vkSj if{k;ksa ds izokl ls tqM+s dbZ jkspd rF; mtkxj gksus vHkh ckdh gSaA
VIPNET NEWS
10
Question 2 : Why does the leaves of some plants are
colourfull instead of green?
iz'u 2% dqN ikS/kksa dh ifÙk;k¡ gjs jax ds ctk, jaxhu D;ksa gksrh gS\a
mÙkj izkIr djus dh vafre frfFk%& 15 vxLr] 2008
MªkW ds }kjk rhu fotsrkvksa dk p;u gksxk vkSj mUgsa iqjLdkj
Lo:i foKku izlkj dh iqLrdsa Hksth tk,¡xhA vki vius mÙkj
fgUnh ;k vaxt
sz h esa bl irs ij Hkst ldrs gaS %&
foiusV iz'ukoyh &148] foKku izlkj] ,&50] lsDVj 62] uks,Mk
VIPNET Questionnaire -148, VIGYAN PRASAR, A-50, Sector 62, Noida
June 2008 / Vol. 6 / No. 6
Puzzle & Quiz
fp= igsyh - 27
Photo Quiz - 27
PLANET EARTH PUZZLE 6
"
"
"
Nk;k fp=% ch- ds- R;kxh
Answers of puzzle are hidden in the box
The answers are either vertical, horizontal, diagonal
or in reverse order
Sample answer is shown in the puzzle
# esganh gFksyh ij yxkus ij jax D;ksa nsrh gS \
# Why henna gives colour after being applied on palms?
mÙkj izkIr djus dh vafre frfFk% 15 vxLr 2008
MªkW }kjk p;fur fotsrkvksa dks iqjLdkj Lo:i foKku izlkj ds izdk'ku
Hksts tk,¡xsA vius tokc bl irs ij Hkstsa%&
foiusV fp= igsyh & 27] foKku izlkj] ,&50] lsDVj 62] uks,Mk
Clue
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Third planet from Sun
Capital of India
National Flower of India
National Animal of India
National Bird of India
National Fruit of India
National Tree of India
India’s economic capital
VIPNET Photo Quiz - 27, VIGYAN PRASAR, A-50, Sec. 62, Noida
Correct Answer of Photo Quiz 25
The fruit shown in the picture is Jatropha fruit of Tuba-tuba
Plant Jatropha curcas. It is cultivated primarily for its oil to
produce biodiesel. Jatropha is a drought resistant perennial
shrub or small tree that produces seeds up to 35 years but
can live up to 50 years. Jatropha grows fast with little or no
maintenance and reaches the average height of about 3
meters but it can grow up to 8 meters. About 30% of the
Tuba-tuba nut is composed of oil. 3 kilos of Jatropha seeds
can produce about 1 liter of crude Jatropha oil that can then
be processed into biodiesel fuel.
Last date of receiving correct entries: August 15, 2008.
The names of winners will be announced in August, 2008
issue. Winners will get an Astronomy activity kit as a prize.
Please send your entries to:Planet Earth Puzzle-6, VIPNET News, Vigyan Prasar,
A-50, Sector 62, Noida-201 307
! Arvind C. Ranade
[email protected]
Name of the winners:- Ravi Raushan Kumar, Darbhanga,
Bihar; Preeti Pragnya Bhanja, Deogarh, Orissa.
Congratulations! Winners will receive a Vigyan
Prasar's publication.
If you want to know more about Vigyan Prasar, its
publications & software, besides the next moves of VIPNET
Science Clubs, please write to us at the address given below:-
Correct Answer of Planet Earth Puzzle -4
Name of the winner :
Manjul Saini, Yamuna
Nagar, Haryana; Aishna
Gupta, New Delhi; Shivani,
Abohar, Punjab.
Congratulations!
Winners will receive an
Astronomy Kit.
VIPNET NEWS
Vigyan Prasar
A-50, Institutional Area, Sector 62,
Noida (U.P.) 201 307
Regd.Office : Technology Bhawan,
New Delhi -110 016
Phone
: 0120 240 4430, 240 4435
Fax
: 0120 240 4437
Email
: [email protected]
Website
: http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in
11
June 2008 / Vol. 6 / No. 6
International Year of Planet Earth 2008
foKku lqf[kZ;k¡
efLr"d fodkl lac/kh thuksa dh [kkst
gkWoMZ esfMdy Ldwy vkSj czsfUM'k ;wfuoflZVh esa dk;Zjr
vuqlèa kkudrkZvksa us lQyrkiwod
Z mu thuksa dks [kkst fudkyk
gS tks efLr"d fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA mUgkasus
U;wjkWu esa ik, tkus okys vkj-,u-,- & vkbZ dk lEiw.kZ
thu eSi rS;kj fd;kA vHkh rd bl rjg dk v/;;u
tfVy dksf'kdkvksa] tSls U;wjkWu ij ugha fd;k x;k FkkA
oSKkfudksa us lcls igys ;g ijh{k.k eD[kh dh U;wWjku
dksf'kdkvksa ij vkj-,u-,- baVjQsl rduhd dk mi;ksx
djds fd;k vkSj pj.kc¼ rjhds ls ;g irk yxk;k fd
fdl rjg ;g thu efLr"d fodkl esa viuh Hkwfedk
fuHkkrs gSaA blds ckn bldk ijh{k.k pwgksa ij fd;k x;kA
bl vuqlaèkku dks ifCyd ykbczsjh vkWQ lkbal] tsusfVDl
tuZy esa izdkf'kr fd;k x;k gSA oSKkfudksa dks fo'okl gS
fd ;g [kkst vfr tfVy dksf'kdkvksa ds v/;;u esa ykHkdkjh
gksxh] ftlesa raf=dk ra= Hkh 'kkfey gSA
Indian CHEETAH, the
fastest
running
animal got extinct in
the wild since 1948 in
India. A team of
Indian scientists
headed by Dr. Lalji
Singh,
Director
CCMB, Hyderabad,
plans to clone Indian
Cheetah in 5 years.
Indian
Govt.
recently approved a
Rs. 5 crore grant
supported by Dept. of
B i o t e c h n o l o g y,
Central Zoo Authority
etc. for this cause.
“Oh yes! No one is around. Looks like they are
successful. Whole team of scientists is chasing
and trying to catch the newly born CUB.”
HkwdEi lac/kh & iwoZ psrkouh iz.kkyh
dSyhQksfuZ;k fLFkr oSKkfudksa dh Vhe us HkwdEi ds dqN ?kaVks igys tehu ds izkd`frd vkink ls dbZ tkuksa dks cpk;k tk ldsxkA
uhps vk, ifjorZuksa dks ukius dk rjhdk [kkst fudkyk gS] tks HkwdEi lac/kh &
tehu ds uhps HkwdEi ds igys vk;h pV~Vkukssa dh lw{e njkjksa] i`Foh dh
iwoZ psrkouh iz.kkyh dks fodflr djus esa enn djsxkA bl izdkj bl iiM+h esa izfrcy ds dkj.k vk, ifjorZuksa ,oa VsDVkWfud IysVksa ds Vdjkus ls
mRiUUk njkjksa dks ,d midj.k dh lgk;rk ls ukik tk,xkA bl [kkst dh
tkudkjh uspj if=dk esa izdkf'kr gqbZ gSA bl midj.k esa HkwdEi vkus ls iwoZ
flXuy jsdkWMZ fd, tkrs gSa vkSj bu flXuyksa dk mi;ksx HkwdEi lac/kh
Hkfo";ok.kh esa fd;k tkrk gSA
vkWyostÛ Lekby!!!
pUnzek ij ikuh
tkurs gks D;ksa\
uspj if=dk esa izdkf'kr fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj vkt ls 40 o"kZ iwoZ ,d
varfj{k;k=h }kjk pUnzek ls yk, x, NksVs gjs ,oa ukjaxh Xykl ds VqdM+s dk
ubZ i¼fr ls iqu% ijh{k.k djus ij pUnzek ij ikuh dh miyC/krk dh ,d
vkSj i`f"V gqbZ] ftlls irk pyk fd 3 fofy;u o"kZ iwoZ ogk¡ ikuh miyCèk
FkkA bl v/;;u ls irk pyk fd pUnzek ij ikuh izkd`frd gS u fd fdlh
èkwedsrq }kjk yk;k x;k gSA
xksyw dh lksp
Qaxl }kjk dSalj dk bykt
oSdfYid rdZ
vesfjdk ds oSKkfudksa us ;g nkok fd;k gS fd uSuksVsDuksykWth ds iz;ksx ls
iz;ksx'kkyk esa fufeZr nokvksa esa Qaxl dk mi;ksx djds dSl
a j dh vfr&izHkko'kkyh
nokb;ksa dks cuk;k tk ldrk gSA bl izdkj dh nokb;ksa dk ijh{k.k pwgksa ij
fd;k x;k vkSj ik;k x;k fd lHkh izdkj dss daSljksa esa ;g nok dk;Z dj
jgh gSA bl [kkst dks uspj if=dk esa izdkf'kr fd;k x;k gSA
izLrqfr% dfiy f=ikBh
D;ksfa d
g¡lks] ft;ks]
eqLdjkvksA D;k irk]
dy nk¡r gksa u gksa! lks]
dhi Lekbfyax!!!
fp=kadu% ekulh esokM+h
Published and Printed by Mrs. K. Dasgupta Misra on behalf of
Vigyan Prasar, C-24, Qutab Institutional Area, New Delhi-110 016
Printed at Multi Colour Services, 92a, DSIDC Shed, Okhla
Industrial Area, Phase-I, New Delhi - 110 020
VIPNET NEWS
12
[email protected]
Editor
: B. K. Tyagi
Associate Editor : Nimish Kapoor
Contributors
: Kapil Tripathi, Arvind C. Ranade,
Navneet Gupta
Layout & design : Suman Pal
June 2008 / Vol. 6 / No. 6