Florida Transportation Trends and Conditions a pocket guide to

a pocket guide to
Florida
Transportation
Trends and Conditions
2008
introduction and purpose
The Mission of the Florida Department of Transportation is to provide a safe transportation system
that ensures the mobility of people and goods,
enhances economic prosperity and preserves the
quality of our environment and communities.
The Trends and Conditions process assists Florida
transportation policy makers and planning organizations by identifying, analyzing and disseminating
information about the key factors and emerging
issues that affect Florida.
This Pocket Guide to Florida Transportation
Trends and Conditions is organized into four
areas:
The growing demand for transportation facilities
and services;
The current system or supply of transportation;
The impacts of the transportation system on
our society; and
The resources, expenditures and costs
associated with providing transportation.
We hope you find this publication helpful in
understanding Florida’s transportation system.
More detailed trends and conditions information
is available on our Web site at:
www.dot.state.fl.us/planning/trends
table of contents
Growing Travel Demand
Population.............................................. 4
Travel Behavior of Floridians..................... 6
Travel Levels........................................... 8
Tourism and Travel................................ 10
Freight and Commerce........................... 12
The Transportation System
Strategic Intermodal System...................
Roadway System...................................
Transit Systems.....................................
Transportation Disadvantaged Services.....
Pedestrian and Bicycle Services...............
Airports................................................
Seaports..............................................
Rail System..........................................
14
16
18
20
21
22
23
24
Transportation Impacts
System Performance..............................
Transportation Safety.............................
Transportation and the Environment.........
Transportation and the Economy..............
26
28
30
32
Resources, Expenditures and Costs
Transportation Resources........................ 34
Transportation Expenditures.................... 36
Transportation Costs.............................. 37
Other Resources..................................... 38
growing travel demand
Population
2007PopulationIncreasesforFastGrowingStates
2007 Population Increases for Fast Growing States
600
2007PopulationIncreasesforFastGrowingStates
496,751
500
Persons (1,000)
Persons (1,000)
400
331,067
600
300
303,343
496,751
500
202,670
191,590
200
400
331,067
100
303,343
300
0
202,670
200
100
Florida *
173,066
Texas
California
191,590
Georgia
173,066
North
Carolina
Arizona
* Florida population data from FDOT/BEBR, other states from Census
0
Florida *
Texas
California
Georgia
North
Carolina
Arizona
* Florida population data from FDOT/BEBR, other states from Census
TrendinPopulation,Employment,andNewHousingPermitsIssuedperYear
TrendinPopulation,Employment,andNewHousingPermitsIssuedperYear
Annual Change in Population and Employment
and New Housing Permits Issued per Year
500
400
350
350
300
400
300
250
300
200
200
150
200
100
100
100
50
0
0
2000
2000
2001
2001
2002
2002
2003
2003
2004
Population
Change
(FDOT)
Population
Change
(FDOT)
New
Housing
Permits
Issued
(Census)
New
Housing
Permits
Issued
(Census)
4
2004
2005
2005
2006
2006
2007
0
300
New Housing Permits Issued
(1,000)
Population
& Employment
Population
& Employment
Change
(1,000)
Change
(1,000)
500
250
200
150
100
50
0
2007
Employment
Change (BLS)
Employment
Change (BLS)
growing travel demand
Population
• In 2007, Florida’s population was estimated to
have grown to 18,680,367.
• Between 2000 and 2007, Florida’s population
grew an average of 2.3% per year. The growth
from 2000-2007 was nearly 11% of the total
U.S. population growth. Florida’s population is
now 6% of the national total.
• It is estimated that Florida added 907 persons
per day from April 1, 2006 to April 1, 2007.
• Based on Census projections, Florida is expected
to surpass New York in 2011 and become the
third most populous state with nearly 20 million
residents.
•In 2007, Florida issued 104,292 new housing
permits, decreasing 48% from 2006 in
response to overbuilding from 2001 to 2005.
• By 2030, 26% of Florida’s population is projected
to be 65 and older, compared to 9.8% in 1970
and 17.6% in 2000.
• From 2000 to 2007, Flagler, the fastest growing county in Florida, added nearly 88% more
residents. Sumter added over 68% more people
and Osceola grew by over 50%. St. Johns,
St. Lucie and Walton added more than 40%
new residents.
•From 2000 to 2007, Monroe lost almost 1%
of its residents whereas the growth rates of
Pinellas and Hardee were below 3%.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau. Florida Department of Transportation
(FDOT). Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Bureau of Economic
and Business Research (BEBR), University of Florida.
5
ModeofTravelforWorkCommute,2007
growing travel demand
ModeofTravelforWorkCommute,2007
ModeofTravelforWorkCommute,2007
Travel Behavior of Floridians
100
80
Percent
Percent
Percent
FL
79.6
100
100
80
60
US
76.1
FL
79.6
60
80
US
Mode
of Travel for Work Commute, 2007
76.1
FL
79.6
US
76.1
40
40
60
20
20
10.5
10.4
10.5
40
10.4
4.9
4.9
1.9
1.9
1.6
2.81.6
10.5 10.4 Transit
Drive
Drive(Alone)
(Alone)Carpool
Carpool
Transit Walk
4.9
1.9
1.6
1.7 2.14.2 1.7
4.1
2.8
2.1
0
20
Other
Walk
2.8
2.1
4.2
Work
at Home
Other
Work at Home
1.7
4.2
4.1
0
Drive (Alone)
Carpool
Transit
Walk
4.1
Other
Work at Home
MeanTravelTimetoWork
MeanTravelTimetoWork
27
Commute
Time
(minutes)
Commute
Time (minutes)
Commute
Time
(minutes)
Mean Travel Time to Work
MeanTravelTimetoWork
27
26
27
26
25
26
25
24
252000
2001
2002
2003
2004
FL
24
242000
2001
2000
2001
2005
2007
2002
2003
2002
2004
2003
2004
FL
FL
HouseholdVehicleAvailability,2007
2006
US
2005
2005
2006
2006
US
2007
2007
US
Household Vehicle Availability, 2007
HouseholdVehicleAvailability,2007
50
HouseholdVehicleAvailability,2007
39.7
40
38.1
38.8
Percent
33.1
30
50
50
20
40
40
Percent
Percent
10
6.2
8.7
39.7
39.7
14.1
38.1
38.8
38.838.1
11.6
33.1
33.1
3.8
30
30
0
20
None
1
2
20
10
10
FL
6.2
6.2
4 or more
14.1
11.6
11.6
8.7
8.7
6
None
14.1
3.8
0
0
3
US
6.0
1
2
3
6.0
3.8
4 or more
6.
growing travel demand
Travel Behavior of Floridians
•According to the 2007 American Community
Survey, auto commuting accounts for nearly
90% of all commuting trips made by Floridians
as drivers or passengers, slightly higher than the
national average.
•In Florida, transit carries approximately 2% of
commuter trips, less than half the national
average. The work-at-home percentage is
increasing as are the other means of travel.
•Walking is also a less common means of
commuting in Florida than nationally.
•Commute time remained the same for Florida
while it increased nearly 1% for the nation.
•Over 30% of Florida households have no
workers. The national share of households
with no workers is below 26%.
•The share of households with no cars continues
to decline in Florida to an estimated 6.16%,
below the national level of 8.72%. The share
of
population living in zero-vehicle households
FloridaAnnualVehicleMilesTraveledperCapita
is 6.05% in the U.S. and 4.15% in Florida.
Florida Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled per Capita
12,000
VMT per Capita
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey; FDOT
Note: Annual VMT based on FDOT DVMT times number of days per year.
7
growing travel demand
Travel Levels
GrowthTrendsbyPersonͲTravelMode
GrowthTrendsbyPersonͲTravelMode
Growth Trends by Person-Travel Mode
Percent Change from 1998
100
Cruise Activity
Percent Change from 1998
80
100
Cruise Activity
60
80
60
40
40
20
20
0
Amtrak
0
Amtrak
-20
-20
1998
1999
1998
1999
2000
2000
2001
2001
2002
2002
2003
2003
2004
2004
2005
2005
2006
2006
2007
2007
AverageDailyVMTperLaneMileontheFloridaStateHighwaySystem
AverageDailyVMTperLaneMileontheFloridaStateHighwaySystem
Average Daily VMT per Lane Mile on the
Florida State Highway System
14
VMT/Lane Mile (1,000)
VMT/Lane Mile (1,000)
14
12
12
10
10
8
8
6
6
4
42
20
0
1998
1998
1999
1999
2000
2001
Interstate
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Turnpike/Toll
2002
Interstate
2003
2005
2004
Turnpike/Toll
8
2006
Other
2005
2007
2006
Other
2007
growing travel demand
Travel Levels
•Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) in
Florida grew by only about 1%
in 2007, slower growth than
in recent years. This slowing
trend was attributable to higher
fuel prices, lower tourism
levels, slower economic and
population growth, and reduced
freight travel.
•Compared to 2006, fixed
route transit boarding in 2007
increased by more than
7 million unlinked passenger
trips (about 3%).
•Amtrak ridership was up 10%
while cruise activity was down
1% in 2007.
•In 2007, Florida airports experienced about
69 million enplanements, an increase of nearly
5% from 2006.
•VMT per lane mile is an indicator of the intensity
of highway usage. As travel demand growth
has outpaced new roadway investment, travel
per lane mile has increased.
•In fiscal year 2008, total licensed drivers grew
by 5.4%. Passenger car and truck registrations
went up by nearly 2%.
Source: FDOT Transportation Statistics Office, State Highway System
Mileage Reports; FHWA, Highway Statistics Series; Florida
Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles; Amtrak;
FDOT Aviation Office; Florida Ports Council; and individual
transit agencies.
9
growing
travel demand
DomesticandInternationalVisitorstoFlorida
100
Tourism and Travel
100
80
60
Domestic and International Visitors to Florida
100
60
4080
Visitors (Millions)
Visitors (Millions)
Visitors
(Millions)
80
40
2060
20
040
0
20
2000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2001 Overseas
2002
2004
Overseas
0
2004
2005
International
60
2007
2006
2007
2006
2007
Domestic
TravelModeforVisitorstoFlorida
2006
Domestic and Canadian
2000
2001
2002
2003
TravelModeforVisitorstoFlorida
2005
Domestic
and Canadian
2003
2004
2005
Travel Mode for Visitors to Florida
50
60
Percent
Percent
40
50
30
40
20
30
10
20
0
10
2000
2001
2002
2000
2003
2004
Air
0
2001
2002
2005
2006
2007
Non Air
2003
Air
2004
2005
2006
2007
Non Air
TotalTourismSpending
(Tourism/RecreationTaxableSales)
Tourism/Recreation Taxable Sales
TotalTourismSpending
$80
(Tourism/RecreationTaxableSales)
$60
Billion Dollars
Billion Dollars
$80
$40
$60
$20
$40
$0
$20
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
$0
2000
2001
2002
2003
10
2004
2005
2006
2007
growing travel demand
Tourism and Travel
• There were 84.5 million visitor trips to Florida
in 2007, 0.8% more than in 2006.
• Domestic visitors to Florida outnumbered
international visitors by nearly 11 to 1.
• The number of international visitors to Florida
increased by 15% while the number of domestic
visitors decreased by 0.4% from 2006.
• There were approximately 4.6 visitors to the
state for every resident in 2007.
• About 52% of all visitors to Florida arrived by air.
• Taxable spending in tourism/recreation
reached about $65.5 billion in 2007, up by
approximately 1% from 2006.
• About 991,300 persons were directly employed
by the tourism industry in 2007, growth of
nearly 3% since 2006.
• There were over 14
million cruise revenue
passengers in fiscal year
2007. Port Canaveral
had nearly 4.3 million
passengers. Port
Everglades and Port of
Miami had 3.4 million
and nearly 3.8 million,
respectively.
Source: Visit Florida, Florida Visitor Study.
http://media.visitflorida.org/about/research/
Note: Cruise passenger data reported by respective port authority.
11
Freight Growth Trends by Mode growing
travel demand
Freight and Commerce
Percent change from 1998
60
Freight Growth Trends by Mode Percent change from 1998
50
Airline
Freight
6030
5020
Truck VMT
40
10
30
Airline
Freight
Seaport
0
20
Rail Freight
-10
10
Seaport
-20
1998
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Rail Freight
-10
Rail Freight
-20
1998
Truck VMT
Freight Growth Trends by Mode
40
1999
Airline Freight (BTS)
2000
Rail Freight
2001
2002
2003
Truck VMT
2004
Airline Freight (BTS)
2005
Truck VMT
2006
Seaport
2007
Seaport
Truck Miles Traveled on Florida State Highway System Truck Miles Traveled on the
Florida State Highway System
Truck Miles Traveled on Florida State Highway System 35
30
Miles (Millions)
Miles (Millions)
35
25
30
2520
2015
1510
10 5
5
0
0
1998
1998
1999
1999
2000
2000
Other SHS
2001
2001
Other SHS
2002
2002
2003
SIS
SIS
12
2003
2004
2004
2005
2005
2006
Total_SHS
Total_SHS
2006
2007
2007
growing travel demand
Freight and Commerce
• The diversity of freight modes in Florida reflects
both the variety of products generated and
consumed in Florida and the availability of
alternative modes for freight shipment.
• Non metallic mineral freight comprised 56%
of total rail freight tonnage in 2006. The
fluctuation in rail freight tonnage is mostly
due to the changing market conditions for non
metallic industries like phosphate.
• Truck Miles Traveled on
the entire State Highway
System decreased about
5% in 2007. On the
Strategic Intermodal
System (SIS), truck travel
decreased by nearly 4% in
2007 compared to 2006.
This was the first decrease since the SIS was
established in 2003.
• Higher value, time-sensitive, smaller size, or
more perishable products rely predominantly on
truck travel.
• Waterborne cargo in Florida reached a record
$73.4 billion in trade value in 2007, an increase
of 1.5% since 2006.
• Declines in all freight categories in 2007, except
air deliveries, were impacted by the slowing
economy and the significant slowdown in
residential and hurricane recovery construction
activities.
Source: FDOT Transportation Statistics Office; FDOT Rail Office;
Florida Ports Council; Bureau of Transportation Statistics;
Association of American Railroads
13
the transportation system
Strategic Intermodal System
Strategic Intermodal System Facilities
SIS
Emerging
SIS
7
93%
99%
11
6%
1%
1
0
Spaceports
Percent of all launch activity
1
100%
0
0%
Deepwater seaports
Percent of all waterborne freight tonnage
Percent of all home-port cruise passengers
7
97%
>99%
3
2%
<1%
Rail freight terminals
Percent of all intermodal rail freight tonnage
5
85%
2
15%
Interregional passenger terminals
Percent of all interregional passengers
26
82%
9
7%
Rail corridors
Percent of all interregional rail passengers
Percent of all freight rail tonnage
1,700 mi
100%
>90%
420 mi
0%
<10%
Waterways
Percent of all waterborne freight on coastal
and international shipping routes
Percent of all waterborne freight on inland
interregional waterways
1,950 mi
100%
55%
312 mi
0%
11%
Highways
Percent of all traffic on SHS
Percent of all truck traffic on SHS
3,605 mi
52%
67%
750 mi
3%
3%
285 mi
96 mi
41 mi
148 mi
256 mi
149 mi
95 mi
12 mi
Facility Type
Commercial service airports
Percent of all Florida enplanements
Percent of all Florida air cargo tonnage
General aviation reliever airports
Intermodal Connectors
Highway (centerline miles)
Rail (mainline miles)
Seaport (miles)
Note: Data as of September, 2008.
14
the transportation system
Strategic Intermodal System
Florida’s Strategic Intermodal System (SIS) is a
transportation system that . . .
•Is made up of statewide
and regionally significant
facilities and services
(strategic);
•Contains all forms of
transportation for
moving both people
and goods, including
linkages that provide for smooth and efficient
transfers between modes and major facilities
(intermodal); and
•Integrates individual facilities, services, forms
of transportation (modes) and linkages into
a single, integrated transportation network
(system).
The SIS was established to . . .
•Efficiently serve the mobility needs of Florida’s
citizens, businesses, and visitors; and
•Help Florida become a worldwide economic
leader, enhance economic prosperity and
competitiveness, enrich quality of life, and
reflect responsible environmental stewardship.
The table on Page 14 summarizes the current
quantity of facilities on the SIS, as well as the
estimated percentage of trips using SIS facilities.
Source: FDOT Office of Policy Planning, 2008
15
the transportation system
Roadway System
PublicRoadLengthinFloridabyFunctionalClass
Public Road Length in Florida by Functional Class
Centerline Miles (1,000)
125
100
75
50
25
0
1998
1999
Local
2000
2001
Collector
2002
Arterial
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Interstate, Turnpike and Urban Freeway
PublicRoadLengthinFloridabyFunctionalClass
2008BridgeConditionbyMaintenanceResponsibility
Miles
(1,000)
Centerline
Miles (1,000)
Number
of Bridges
LaneMiles&CenterlineMilesontheFloridaStateHighwaySystem
125
2008 Bridge Condition by Maintenance Responsibility
5,000
100
4,934
Excellent
4875
Good
Fair
Poor
4,000
4050
2,891
323,000
25
24
0
2,000
16
1998
81,000
2000
2001
2002
2003
Collector
298
0 2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
958
Local
0
1999
844
2001
FDOT
279
60
2002
Arterial
Interstate, Turnpike and Urban Freeway
357
160
2003
48
2004
108
2005
49
44
County
City/Town
Lane Miles
Centerline Miles
13
2007
11
All Other
LaneMiles&CenterlineMilesontheFloridaStateHighwaySystem
181
2006
Lane Miles and Centerline Miles on the
Florida State Highway System
48
Miles (1,000)
40
32
24
16
8
0
2000
2001
2002
Lane Miles
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Centerline Miles
16
the transportation system
Roadway System
• In 2007, the centerline miles of public roads
remained about the same as in 2006. Lane
miles on the Florida State Highway System
(SHS) grew about 0.4% in 2007.
• Urban and rural roads functionally classified as
“local” comprised 76% of the roadway centerline miles in 2007.
• The SHS is approximately 10% of the entire
Florida roadway network in 2007, but it carried
about 54% of all daily traffic.
• Since 2000, total public road length in Florida
has increased by 5,084 centerline miles or
more than 4%.
• The pace of new road construction is governed
by funding availability and the lead-time for
right-of-way acquisition, engineering and
construction.
• Growing costs in several areas impact the
amount of new construction to be carried out:
rights of way; traffic maintenance during
construction; concrete, steel and asphalt; and
impact mitigation.
• Of the 11,610 bridges in Florida, more than
56% are maintained by FDOT while the others
are maintained by local governments and
organizations.
Sources: FDOT Transportation Statistics Office, 2008; FDOT
Maintenance Office, Bridge Inventory Report, 2008
17
the transportation system
Transit Systems
Fixed Route Fleet Size
Page15
FloridaFixedRouteTransitService
Florida Fixed Route Transit Service
300
Total (Millions)
250
200
150
100
50
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Revenue Miles (Millions)
2003
2004
2005
2006
Passenger Miles (Millions)
Page16
FloridaFixedRouteTransitOperatingExpenseperPassengerTrip
18
2007
the transportation system
Transit Systems
• Passenger boardings were approximately
257 million on fixed route systems in 2007, a
Page15
growth of about 3% from 2006.
FloridaFixedRouteTransitService
• Transit growth outpaced roadway travel change
again in 2007, indicating that transit has made
slight
gains in its overall share of travel for the
300
past few years.
250
Total (Millions)
200
• Thirty-nine
percent of Florida’s population
150
resides
within walking distance of a transit
route.
100
50
• Transit ridership and service levels have grown
0
steadily
over
the
past
15
years.
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Revenue Miles (Millions)
Passenger Miles (Millions)
• Several Florida urban areas are planning for
or exploring bus rapid transit or rail transit to
Page16
meet current and future travel needs.
FloridaFixedRouteTransitOperatingExpenseperPassengerTrip
Florida Fixed Route Transit
Operating Expense Per Passenger Trip
Cost per Passenger Trip
$4.00
$3.00
$2.00
$1.00
$0.00
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database;
FDOT Transit Office
Note: Fixed route transit service includes vanpools affiliated with
a public program. Vanpools reported over 1 million trips
in 2007.
19
the transportation system
Transportation Disadvantaged Services
• Florida’s Transportation Disadvantaged (TD)
Program coordinated and provided nearly 51.5
million trips during 2007, a decrease of 2.4%
from 2006.
• Nearly 32.5 million TD Program trips were provided on fixed route transit services.
• Of the trips provided by the TD Program,
35% were for medical purposes, 13% for
employment purposes, 20% for education/
training, 16% for nutrition, and 16% for other
purposes.
• Florida’s residents 60 or older account for 41%
of TD trips, while children and other adults
account for 15% and 44%, respectively.
• The number of unmet TD trip requests in 2007
was 781,850, a decrease of 5.71% from 2006.
FloridaTransportationDisadvantagedServicesPassengerTotals
Florida Transportation Disadvantaged
Services Passenger Totals
Passengers (1,000)
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: Florida Commission for the Transportation Disadvantaged,
2007 Annual Performance Report
20
the transportation system
Pedestrian and Bicycle Services
• The Florida Department of Transportation
typically includes bicycle lanes and sidewalks
in urban-area construction projects. Paved
shoulders are standard on flush-shoulder state
highway projects. Many local governments have
adopted similar practices.
• Commuter demand for sidewalks and bicycle
facilities is growing. Within urban areas (not
including limited access highways), it is
estimated that over half of SHS centerline miles
have bikeway facilities (bicycle lanes and paved
shoulders at least 4 feet wide) and sidewalks on
at least one side of the road.
• On the entire non-limited access portion of the
SHS, about two thirds of centerline miles include
bikeway facilities.
• The ability of bicyclists to use transit extends the
potential range of travel for this group and
increases the service coverage area for transit
riders. Bikes-on-bus usage has steadily grown
in Florida. The PSTA system in St. Petersburg
had the highest increase in bikes-on-bus
boardings with nearly 46% more users in 2007.
Florida Monthly Bikes on Bus Boardings
Agency
BCT, Fort Lauderdale
PSTA, St. Petersburg
HART, Tampa
Space Coast, Brevard
Star Metro,Tallahassee
2002
2003
NA
NA
2004
2005
2006
2007
30,000 31,300 31,696 32,584
11,150 12,700 13,850 15,320 19,499 28,461
4,810
5,824 7,751 10,191 17,086 20,730
NA
NA
4,000
4,000
5,480
6,967
1,055
965
900
1,200
1,367
1,524
Source: National Center for Transit Research, Analysis of Bikes on
Bus Programs, 2007; FDOT Safety Office; individual transit
agencies
21
the transportation system
Airports
•Florida’s total enplanements grew by 4.7% from
2006, reaching over 69.7 million in 2007. Those
at Miami and Orlando International Airports
rose 3.4% and 4.8%, respectively, while
Ft. Lauderdale/Hollywood International Airport
experienced an increase of 8.6%.
•Dramatic changes in the air travel industry,
security concerns, industry restructuring, and
fuel prices have created near-term uncertainty
regarding air travel. However, the core demand
trend for air travel appears to remain strong.
FloridaTotalEnplanements
Enplanements (Millions)
•Florida’s
commercial airports have substantial
capacity expansion plans for implementation
as 80
demand increases and expansion becomes
FloridaTotalEnplanements
70
financially
viable.
Enplanements (Millions)
60
50
Florida Total Enplanements
40
80
30
70
20
60
10
50
0
40
30
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
20
EnplanementsatSelectedFloridaAirports
10
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Enplanements (Millions)
Enplanements (Millions)
Enplanements at Selected Florida Airports
20
EnplanementsatSelectedFloridaAirports
16
12
20
8
16
4
12
0
8
1998
4
1999
2000
Miami
2001
2002
Orlando
2003
2004
2005
2006
Fort Lauderdale
2007
Tampa
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: FDOT Aviation Office; Florida individual airports; Federal Orlando
Fort Lauderdale
Tampa
AviationMiami
Administration
22
the transportation system
Seaports
• Florida’s 14 deepwater seaports provide freight
access to various global trade hubs.
• Florida’s total waterborne tonnage declined by
FloridaCruisePassengerTotals
almost 6% in fiscal year 2007, though there
was modest increase in cargo value, consistent
container movement and overall cruise
passenger
volumes.
18
15
Passengers (Millions) Passengers (Millions)
• Florida remains a leader in the U.S. cruise
12
FloridaCruisePassengerTotals
industry,
with six Florida seaports hosting
multi-day cruises.
9
Florida Cruise Passenger Totals
6
18
3
15
0
12
9
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2005
2006
2006
2007
6
3
TonnageatFlorida'sSeaports
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2007
Tonnage at Florida’s Seaports
135
Tons (Millions)Tons (Millions)
TonnageatFlorida'sSeaports
130
125
120
135
115
130
110
125
105
120
100
115
110
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
105
100 FDOT Seaport Office, 2008; Florida Ports Council, A Five-Year Source:
1998
2000the
2001
2002 of
2003
2004 2005
2006 2007
Plan
to 1999
Achieve
Mission
Florida’s
Seaports:
2007/2008-
2011/2012
23
the transportation system
Rail System
• Of the 2,796 miles of rail lines in Florida, all but
81 miles are owned by 15 freight railroads and
the entire track is controlled by the freight railroads.
• There are 4,729 at-grade crossings in Florida,
which present both safety and mobility
challenges.
• In 2006, Florida’s freight railroads moved more
than 108 million tons of freight.
• Industries which depend heavily on a strong
freight rail system are phosphates and
fertilizers, distribution and retail, food and
agriculture, paper and fiber, automotive
distribution, energy, and construction.
Florida Rail Lines
24
the transportation system
Rail System
•The Florida Department of Transportation owns
the rail infrastructure on which Amtrak operates
in Southeast Florida.
•Amtrak currently provides three daily trains
to Florida: the Silver Meteor and Silver Star
from New York and the Auto-Train directly from
Lorton, Virginia to Sanford, Florida. The Sunset
Limited provided services between Los Angeles
and Orlando three times per week but service
was suspended east of New Orleans following
Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
•Amtrak operates almost 500 route miles in
Florida, down from 914 in 2005, due to the
suspension of the Sunset Limited route after
Hurricane Katrina.
•Amtrak expended $35.9 million for goods and
services in Florida in fiscal year 2007 (FY07),
an increase of 137% since FY06. It carried
840,095 passengers in Florida in FY07, an
increase of around 10% from FY06.
AmtrakRidershipinFlorida
•Amtrak employed 723 Florida residents in 2007.
Amtrak Ridership in Florida
Passengers (1,000)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Federal Fiscal Year Ending
Source: FDOT Rail Office; Amtrak; Association of American Railroads
Note: Urban rail transit services are included in the transit pages of
the Pocket Guide.
25
transportation impacts
System Performance
The state is committed to keeping the State
Highway System (SHS) in acceptable condition.
This includes meeting standards for maintenance,
bridges and pavement condition. Condition
ratings on the SHS continue to exceed the
State Highway System Condition Ratings
standards set by the Florida Legislature.
Highway System Condition Ratings
Condition Rating (%)
110
108
100
94
90
84
80
70
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Fiscal Year Ending
Maintenance
Bridge
Pavement
Florida Department of Transportation Contracting Activity,
State Highway System Including Turnpike
20032004
20042005
20052006
20062007
20072008
Lane Miles for Resurfacing
2,075
(including Turnpike)
3,933
3,518
3,711
2,186
Lane Miles for Highway
Capacity Improvements
(including Turnpike)
377
288
229
344
241
Bridges to Be Repaired
(including Turnpike)
84
91
81
132
75
Bridges to Be Replaced
(including Turnpike)
17
13
16
7
12
Source: FDOT Office of Financial Development, 2008
26
transportation impacts
System Performance
•Demand on the State Highway System (SHS)
has grown faster than capacity expansion. From
2000 to 2007, VMT increased 18.1% while lane
miles grew 5.3%. A moderation in the trend
occurred in 2007 when VMT rose about 0.5%
and lane miles expanded by 0.4% from 2006.
• Growth in person-hours of delay continues to
outpace growth in VMT, population and lane miles.
• In 2006, the SHS experienced about 898,500
person hours of delay, an increase of about 9%
from 2005.
• In FY 2008, FDOT contracted for 241 lane
miles of capacity improvements: 2,186 lane
miles of SHS resurfacing, 87 bridge repairs and
replacements.
•Generally, Florida roads are more heavily
traveled
than
those
states.
Daily
VMT per
Lane
Mileof
byother
Selected
States (All Roads)
VMT per Lane Mile by Selected States (All Roads)
2,500
DVMT/LM
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Arizona
California
Florida
Georgia
Texas
New York
Nevada
U.S. Total
Note: DVMT/LM = Daily VMT per lane mile
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; Bureau of Transportation Statistics;
FHWA, Highway Statistics; FDOT
27
transportation impacts
TotalFloridaHighwayFatalitiesandFatalityRate
Transportation Safety
Total Florida Highway Fatalities and Fatality Rate
2.5
4,000
3,500
2.0
2,500
1.5
2,000
1.0
1,500
1,000
Fatality Rate* (Line)
Fatalities (Bars)
3,000
0.5
500
0
0.0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
* Per 100 million vehicle miles traveled
FloridaBicyclists,Motorcyclists,andPedestriansKilledinHighwayCrashes
Florida Bicyclists, Motorcyclists and Pedestrians
Killed in Highway Crashes
700
600
Fatalities
500
400
300
200
100
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
Pedestrians
2002
2003
2004
Motorcyclists
2005
2006
2007
Bicyclists
AlcoholͲRelatedShareofDeathonFlorida'sHighways
Alchohol-Related Share of Deaths
on Florida’s Highways
40
Percent of Total Fatalities
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
28
transportation impacts
Transportation Safety
• Safety trends are influenced by a host of factors
including population growth, demographic
characteristics, vehicle and roadway design,
behavior of all system users, enforcement, and
education.
• The Florida Department of Highway Safety and
Motor Vehicles (DHSMV) reported traffic fatalities
decreased by almost 4% to 3,221 in 2007.
• According to the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA), total traffic fatalities
in the U.S. decreased by 3.9% to 41,059, the
fewest since 1994. Thirty five states including
Florida had fewer fatalities in 2007 than in 2006.
• After the 2005 increase in the fatality rate per
100 million vehicle miles traveled in Florida, the
rate dropped to 1.57 in 2007.
• Of Florida’s 3,221 traffic deaths in 2007,
approximately 36% of them were of bicyclists,
pedestrians, and motorcyclists. The Strategic
Highway Safety Plan has goals and objectives
to reduce the number of fatalities to these
“Vulnerable Users”.
• In 2007, all non-automobile fatalities declined
from 2006: pedestrian by about 3%,
motorcyclists by 1% and bicyclists by 2%.
• In 2007, about 38% of the traffic deaths in
Florida were alcohol-related, an increase from
the previous year.
Source: Florida DHSMV, Florida Traffic Crash Facts; NHTSA, 2007
29
transportation impacts
Transportation and the Environment
•Florida continues to be recognized as a national
leader in wildlife/habitat protection and in
implementation of wildlife crossings on state
highways. FDOT has built 31 wildlife crossings
throughout the state over the past 5 years
with 20 completed between 2007 and 2008. Examples of the most recent structures include
two crossings on State Road (S.R.) 40 in Volusia
County, two on S.R. 29 in Collier County, and 16
box culverts under the “18-Mile Stretch” of U.S.
Highway 1 from Key Largo to Florida City.
•Three new Florida Scenic Highways have been
designated by FDOT in 2008: Scenic 30-A in
Walton County, the Florida Black Bear Scenic
Highway along S.R. 40 in Marion and Volusia
Counties, and Lemon Bay/Myakka Trail in
Charlotte and Sarasota Counties.
•FDOT’s Sociocultural Effects Evaluation Process
assesses the effects of proposed transportation
projects on communities and their quality of
life. The goal is to avoid, minimize, or mitigate
these effects where possible. Since October
2004, the public, local governments, resource
agencies and FDOT have evaluated 331 major
transportation projects to identify and address
their effects on communities.
30
transportation impacts
Transportation and the Environment
•Roadside landscape design and management
alternatives are being implemented to conserve
energy and provide a more naturally beautiful
travel experience. Prescribed burns along the
Kate Ireland Parkway (U.S. 319) in the historic
Red Hills Region of Northern Leon County earned
the department an Exemplary Ecosystem
Initiatives award from the Federal Highway
Administration.
•FDOT has screened 386 projects in its Efficient
Transportation Decision Making (ETDM) process,
for an estimated cost savings of $16.3 million
since its inception in 2004. The objective
includes timely decision making by all partners
without compromising environmental quality.
ETDM also provides earlier awareness of
potential environmental issues and human
impacts.
Source: FDOT Environmental Management Office
31
transportation impacts
Transportation and the Economy
•Sustaining the performance
of the transportation
system enables a strong
competitive economy, and
spending on transportation
infrastructure is itself a
significant contributor to
the economy. Every dollar
invested in transportation is estimated to result
in a return of $5.60 in user and economic
benefits to Florida’s residents and businesses.
•Every $1 billion spent on highways supports
28,000 jobs and one third of those are in
construction-oriented employment.
•Employment in “Transportation, Trade and
Utilities”, the employment category that includes
workers who are employed in transportation,
comprised 20% of total employment in Florida
and grew 0.6% between 2006 and 2007.
FloridaInternationalTrade
Florida International Trade
140,000
Value ($Millions)
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Exports
32
2003
2004
Imports
2005
2006
2007
transportation impacts
Transportation and the Economy
•In 2007, Florida’s international trade was
valued at $114.8 billion, an increase of 56%
since 2000. Exports increased by nearly 13%
while imports declined by nearly 3% compared
to 2006.
•Industry spending on transportation across
all modes is estimated to be over $31 billion
per year. In 2007, the retail/wholesale trade,
transportation, warehousing and construction
industries purchased the largest amount of
transportation services with over $16 billion.
•Florida has traditionally had a higher share of
truck miles traveled (TMT) on its highways than
the nation. In 2007, TMT constituted over 10%
of vehicle travel on the State Highway System.
Transport
Spending byby
Industry,
2007 2007
FloridaFlorida
Transport
Spending
Industry,
Farm
Rail
Truck
Water
Air
Pipeline
Other Services
Education and Health Care
Prof & Business Services
Finance, Real Estate, Info
Transp, Warehousing
Trade
Manufacturing
Construction
Natural Resources & Utilities
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
$Billions per Year
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis; Bureau of Transportation
Statistics; Enterprise Florida; FDOT
33
8
resources, expenditures and costs
Transportation Resources
The public and businesses spend resources on
transportation both directly and indirectly. The
public resources to support the state’s role in
transportation come from a variety of sources, as
depicted in the graphic below.
Resources to Support State Government’s Role
in the Provision of Transportation (Millions)
Federal Aid
Reimbursement
$2,076
Miscellaneous
Revenue,
Reimbursements/
Participations,
Interests
$953.1
Motor Vehicle
License/Tag
Fee/Registration Fee
$774.1
Rental
Car
Surcharge
$112.2
Fuel Tax
$1,787.1
State
Transportation
Trust Fund
$6,305.8
Work Programs
Source: FDOT Office of Financial Development
34
Aviation
Fuels
$61.7
Documentary
Stamps
$541.8
resources, expenditures and costs
Transportation Resources
One source of Florida’s transportation revenues
comes from the fuel taxes and other fees that
support local, state and federal transportation
spending. The map below shows total gas taxes
in each county, including federal and state taxes
plus local option taxes. Local fuel taxes may
be imposed by counties as a result of county
legislative action and/or by referenda.
2008 Total Gas Taxes in Florida Counties
2008 Total Gas Taxes in Florida Counties
Holmes
Santa RosaOkaloosa
Jackson
Escambia
WaltonWashington
Nassau
Gadsden
MadisonHamilton
Leon
Duval
Jefferson
Baker
Columbia
Suwannee
Wakulla
Taylor
Union Clay
Lafayette
Bradford
St. Johns
Gulf Franklin
Gilchrist
Alachua Putnam
Dixie
Flagler
Levy
Marion
Volusia
BayCalhoun
Liberty
Citrus
Lake
Sumter
Hernando
Pasco
Seminole
Orange
Osceola Brevard
HillsboroughPolk
Pinellas
Legend
2008 Total Gas Tax per Gallon
$0.44
$0.46 - $0.47
$0.49 - $0.50
$0.52
Indian River
Manatee Hardee Okeechobee
St. Lucie
Highlands
SarasotaDesoto
Martin
Glades
Charlotte
Lee
Hendry
Collier
Palm Beach
Broward
Miami Dade
Monroe
Source: Florida Department of Revenue, Fuel Tax Rates
35
resources, expenditures and costs
Transportation Expenditures
State and federal resources for transportation
are channeled through FDOT’s Work Program.
The Five-Year Work Program is complemented
with local government, private and business
investments in transportation vehicles, facilities
and services. They collectively form the overall
transportation system.
ve Year Work Program Allocations - FY 2009-2013 ($millions)
Five Year Work Program Allocations (Millions)
FY 2009-2013
Federal Aid
$11,013
26%
Turnpike & Tolls
$5,794
14%
Local & Other
Funds
$1,939
5%
Right of Way,
Fixed Guideway
and State
Infrastructure
Bank Bonds
$1,608
4%
State
$21,306
51%
Note: Average annual funding = $8.3 billion
Source: FDOT Office of Financial Development
36
resources, expenditures and costs
Transportation Costs
Modest revenue growth and program commitments that are outpacing revenues are resulting
in severe challenges for transportation funding.
This concern is contributing to increasing
pressures on state, local and private sources and
resulting in a rethinking of how transportation
projects should be funded going forward.
• The Producer Price Index (PPI) for Highway
and Street Construction, a measure of the unit
cost of construction, has had unprecedented
sustained growth over the past few years far
outpacing overall inflation or revenue growth.
• Increases in costs for rights of way, maintenance of traffic, advanced technologies and
PPIforHighwayandStreetConstruction
impact mitigation have further increased overall
project delivery costs.
PPI for Highway and Street Construction
250
240
Producer Price Index Value
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
Oct-08
Jul-08
Jan-08
Apr-08
Jul-07
Oct-07
Jan-07
Apr-07
Jul-06
Oct-06
Jan-06
Apr-06
Jul-05
Oct-05
Jan-05
Apr-05
Oct-04
150
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
37
other resources
Products and Useful Information
This Pocket Guide as well as other Transportation
Trends and Conditions products are available at:
www.dot.state.fl.us/planning/trends
Other Internet resources that provide useful
information related to Florida’s transportation
trends and conditions include:
• 2025 Florida Transportation Plan
www.dot.state.fl.us/planning/ftp
• Florida Aviation Database
www.florida-aviation-database.com
• FDOT Office of Financial Development
www.dot.state.fl.us/financialplanning
• FDOT Transportation Statistics Office
www.dot.state.fl.us/planning/statistics
• Florida Ports Council
www.flaports.org/statistics.htm
• Florida Traffic Crash Facts
www.hsmv.state.fl.us/reports/crash_facts.html
• Florida Transportation Indicators
www.floridatransportationindicators.org
38
other resources
For further information, please contact:
Florida Department of Transportation
Office of Policy Planning
605 Suwannee Street MS 28
Tallahassee, FL 32399-0450
Phone: (850) 414-4800
E-mail: [email protected]
39
Produced by the
Florida Department of Transportation
Office of Policy Planning
with support from the
Center for Urban Transportation Research
University of South Florida
40