capitolo7 DaCAPO

Capitolo 7
Futuro, Condizionale, Dovere, Potere
e volere
IL FUTURO
FUTURO SEMPLICE describes action which will take place in the future; it is also used to
express probability in the present
• FUTURO SEMPLICE
• io parler-ò
tu parler-ai
lui/lei parler-à
noi parler-emo
voi parler-ete
loro parler-anno
• The stem for the FUTURO is, for regular verbs, the
INFINITO of the verb minus the last letter, "E."
• So for example the stem for the FUTURO of
"finire" is "finir," of "scrivere" is "scriver."
• Verbs that end in "are" change their "a" to an
"e": the FUTURO stem for "parlare" is "parler," of
"sposare" is "sposer," of "riposare" is "riposer," of
"studiare" is "studier."
• There are several verbs that have an irregular
stem for the FUTURO; the endings, however, are
always regular.
irregular
SOME IRREGULAR STEMS for FUTURO
and CONDIZIONALE
dare>>darfare>>farstare>>star-
andare>>andravere>>avrcader>>cadrdovere>>dovrpotere>>potrsapere>>saprvedere>>vedrvivere>>vivr-
bere>>berrcondurre>>condurressere>>sarporre>>porrrimanere>>rimarrtenere>>terrvenire>>verrvolere>>vorr-
Il condizionale
The conditional is used to express what would occur under certain conditions
or circumstances.
Berrei qualcosa di fresco.
Sarebbe una festa divertente.
Non direi quelle cose.
I would drink something cold (if you have it).
It would be a fun party (if it were to take
place).
I wouldn’t say those things (if I were you).
The conditional is also used to add politeness to requests, offers, and advice.
Vorrebbe un caffè?
Vorremmo vedere la casa.
Dovreste lavorare di più.
Mi aiuteresti in cucina?
Potresti passare dal lattaio?
Would you like a coffee?
We’d like to see the house.
You should (ought to) work more.
Would you help me in the kitchen?
Could you stop by the dairy shop?
1. The CONDIZIONALE, or conditional tense, is roughly the
equivalent of the English "would + infinitive.“
2. As in English, the CONDIZIONALE is used to express: hopes
and desires ("of course I would go to Italy!"); a possibility
depending on certain conditions ("I would ski if there were
snow"); to soften a request ("Would you bring me some
coffee?"); to express personal opinions ("I would say that our
teacher is too demanding").
3. The CONDIZIONALE is a verb mood (like the INDICATIVO,
INFINITO, IMPERATIVO are also verb moods) which has two
tenses, the present and the past: CONDIZIONALE PRESENTE
and CONDIZIONALE PASSATO.
4. The CONDIZIONALE PASSATO is used to express the uses
described in 2. above, when the action refers to something in
the past.
5. The CONDIZIONALE PASSATO is also used to indicate a future
action from the point of view of the past; English, by contrast, uses
the present conditional for this: "Yesterday, my sister told me that
she would visit me today;" in Italian, you would say: "Ieri, mia sorella
mi ha detto che oggi mi avrebbe visitato.“
6. The CONDIZIONALE of "potere," "volere," and "dovere"
is "potrei," "vorrei," and "dovrei," and it can be translated as "I
could," "I would like," "I should.“
The CONDIZIONALE presente is formed by adding the CONDIZIONALE
endings to the stem of the FUTURO. The CONDIZIONALE passato is
formed by using the CONDIZIONALE of AVERE or ESSERE (depending
on what the verb takes) plus the PARTICIPIO PASSATO.
CONDIZIONALE PRESENTE
scriver-ei
scriver-esti
scriver-ebbe
scriver-emmo
scriver-este
scriver-ebbero
CONDIZIONALE PASSATO
sarei andato
saresti andato
sarebbe andato
saremmo andati
sareste andati
sarebbero andati
avrei mangiato
avresti mangiato
avrebbe mangiato
avremmo mangiato
avreste mangiato
avrebbero mangiato
DOVERE POTERE VOLERE
DOVERE +
INFINITIVE
NECESSITA` E OBBLIGO, PROBABILITA`
PG. 173
POTERE
ABILITA` DI FARE QUALCOSA, PERMESSO
PG. 175
VOLERE
VOLERE, DESIDERARE INTENZIONE E
AVERE LA VOGLIA DI …PG. 176.